Ferritin Levels In Patients Research Articles

Heart involvement in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia with conventional echocardiography.

Background:The most important prognostic factor in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia is cardiac involvement which is usually evaluated with echocardiography.Methods:In this cross-sectional study (April 2011 to April 2012), conventional echocardiography was used to assess myocardial performance and valvular involvement (through transvalvular Doppler study) for right and left heart abnormalities in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia.Results:Among the 60 patients, 43 cases had heart problems, 26 (43.3%) of them had left myocardial dysfunction and 11 (18.3%) of them had right myocardial dysfunction, 3 cases had both RV and LV myocardial dysfunction, (based on LVMPI & RVMPI, respectively). In patients with right myocardial dysfunction, 4 cases had pulmonary hypertension (PH) and 3 had both sided myocardial dysfunction. LVMPI and RVMPI significantly increased in patients with cardiac involvement (p<0.001). Serum ferritin levels in patients with and without cardiac involvement were 2427±1788 ng/ml and 1573±592 ng/ml, respectively (P=0.008). All 4 patients who had PH, had been splenectomized. In splenectomized and non-splenectomized patients, LVMPI was 0.37±0.11 and 0.38±0.1 (P=0.589), RVMPI was 0.3±0.07 and 0.25±0.39 (P=0.004), and TR gradient (TRG) was 28±11.8 mmHg and 19.7±5.2 mmHg (P=0.033), respectively. Mean ferritin level in patients with a history of splenectomy (n=31), was 2525±1968 ng/ml and in patients without the history of splenectomy (n=29) was 1821±947 ng/ml (P=0.082).Conclusion:In addition to left-sided heart involvement, conventional echocardiography revealed right-sided heart involvement in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients which did not correlate with serum ferritin level in splenectomized patients.

The association of serum ferritin levels in predicting the outcome in GDM pregnancies

Background: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus has seen a rising trend. There is evidence that by estimation of serum ferritin levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus it is possible to predict the obstetric outcome.Methods: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus has seen a rising trend. There is evidence that by estimation of serum ferritin and GCT levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus it is possible to predict the obstetric outcome.Results: 248 cases into two groups 124 GDM and 124 Healthy non complicated pregnancies that served as controls. The mean age was 24.12years and 25.31 years (GDM and non - GDM). The mean serum ferritin levels in GDM was 68. 14 ng/ml ± 15. 63ng/ml which was significantly high compared to that of non GDM which was 30. 18 ng/ml ± 06. 02 ng/ml. Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that GDM is likely to be associated with high serum ferritin levels compared to non GDM mothers and by evaluation of serum ferritin levels it is possible to predict the outcome of the mother and the newborn.

Can Ferritin Levels Predict the Severity of Illness in Patients With COVID-19?

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether ferritin level can predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging for both patients and caregivers. Many laboratory markers have been used to better understand the causes of poor outcomes and to improve the management of COVID-19 patients.Methods: A total of 93 patients who had a positive polymerase chain reaction test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included in this study. Demographic features, comorbidities, clinical and laboratory findings were obtained from the hospital database retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the disease severity as follows: mild group (n = 70) and severe group (n = 23).Results: The median age of the study population was 42.5 (28.3-62.8) with 69.9% male patients. Patients in the severe group were significantly older and showed a higher frequency of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and heart failure in comparison with those in the mild group. In addition, gamma-glutamyl transferase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were higher whereas albumin level was lower in patients in the severe group. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that ferritin level was the only significant predictor of disease severity (β = 0.487, t = 2.993, p = 0.004). In receiver operator characteristics curve analysis, ferritin level ≥264.5 ng/mL predicted severe COVID-19 with a sensitivity of 73.9% and specificity of 94.2%.Conclusion: Early analysis of ferritin levels in patients with COVID-19 might effectively predict the disease severity.

Clinical laboratory and radiation parameters associated with different outcomes of severe new coronavirus infection (COVID­19) with pneumonia in patients receiving tocilizumab

ntroduction. Coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Interleu- kin-6 receptor inhibitors, including tocilizumab, are used for the anti-inflammatory therapy of COVID-19. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical, lab and radia- tion characteristics of surviving and deceased patients with severe COVID-19 and pneumonia caused by SARS- CoV-2 who received tocilizumab and identify features that were associated with various outcomes. Methods. The medical records of 31 hospitalized COVID-19 pa- tients were stu died. All patients received a single dose of tocilizumab 400 mg. Two groups were created. Group 1 included 17 patients who were discharged with improve- ment, Group 2–14 fatal cases. The methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics were used for processing. Results. The condition of patients from Group 2 more often than in Group 1 was assessed as severe already at admission, p=0.022. Only 4 patients from Group 1 and all patients from Group 2 were allocated to the intensive care unit; the mechanical ventilation was used exclusively in group 2, p &lt;0.001. The groups differed in terms of the SpO2 le vel, p=0.023, and the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) at admission, p=0.047, as well as in the vo- lume of lung tissue damage, p=0.027. Tocilizumab was admi nistered to all patients within a comparable period from the onset of the disease. There was an increase in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood (NLR) by the day of its administration in Group 2, p=0.026. The NLR le vel increased even more significantly within 5–7 days after administration, p=0.045 (p=0.007 compared to baseline). The NLR value in Group 2 changed insigni- ficantly. The blood ferritin level in patients from Group 1 by the day of tocilizumab administration was lower than in Group 2, p=0.014, and decreased after the treatment, p=0.01, in contrast to Group 2. The decrease in the CRP concentration after the appointment of tocilizumab in Group 1 was also significant, p=0.001. Conclusions. The deceased COVID-19 patients who received tocilizu- mab were characterized, compared with the survivors, by the initially more severe course of the disease, more pronounced hypoxemia, as well as the volume of lung tissue damage and laboratory abnormalities, inclu ding the le vels of NLR, CRP and ferritin. Monitoring of these in- dicators appears to be necessary to assess the course of COVID-19 and make a decision on the anti-inflammatory therapy with tocilizumab.

Уровень ферритина как предиктор тяжелого течения COVID-19

Introduction. The search for possible prognostic criteria for the severity of COVID-19 is very relevant, as it can provide significant assistance in choosing a more effective and personalized therapy. The degree of severity of the infectious process is reflected by acute-phase proteins, in particular ferritin. The degree of informative assessment of its level as a predictive criterion is debatable, which determined the purpose of this study. Aim of the study – to reveal the clinical and immunological features of the course of COVID-19 in patients with a moderate variant of the course, depending on the level of ferritin. Material and methods. The study included patients with moderate COVID-19 (43 patients), who were subsequently divided into two groups: with high ferritin levels – 1744 mcg/l [985.75;2402.85] (22 patients) and with normal ferritin levels – 264.4 mcg/l [129.5;375.6] (21 patients). The group of comparison consisted of practically healthy donors (31 persons). Blood samples was taken for 2–3 days from the moment of admission for general clinical and biochemical analysis. CD3+-, CD4+-, CD8+-, CD16+- and CD19+-lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytofluorimetry, as well as the level of serum IgA, IgM and IgG – by radial gel immunodiffusion by Mancini. A computer tomography of the chest organs was performed for all study participants. Results. Lymphopenia, increased levels of C-reactive protein, and active proliferation of CD19+-lymphocytes without increased antibody production were observed in the group of patients with high ferritin levels. Clinical manifestations in this group of patients are more severe than in the group with normal ferritin content. Conclusion. An increase of the blood ferritin level in patients with moderate COVID-19 is a predictor of a more severe course and is accompanied by a violation of the maturation of the T-cell part of adaptive immunity and increased proliferation of B-lymphocytes without an adequate increase of antibody formation processes. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Введение. Поиск возможных прогностических критериев тяжести течения COVID-19 весьма актуален, так как он может оказать существенную помощь в выборе более эффективной и персонифицированной терапии. Степень остроты инфекционного процесса отражают острофазные белки, в частности ферритин. Степень информативности оценки его уровня в качестве прогностического критерия дискуссионна, что и определило цель данного исследования. Цель – выявить клинико-иммунологические особенности течения COVID-19, формирующиеся при различных уровнях ферритина у пациентов со среднетяжелым вариантом течения. Материал и методы. В исследование включали пациентов со среднетяжелой формой COVID-19 (43 человека), которые впоследствии были разделены на две группы: лица с высоким уровнем ферритина – 1744 мкг/л [985,75;2402,85] (22 человека) и с его нормальным содержанием – 264,4 мкг/л [129,5;375,6] (21 человек). Группу сравнения составили практически здоровые доноры (31 человек). Забор крови для проведения общеклинического и биохимического анализа проводили на 2–3-и сутки с момента поступления пациента в лечебное учреждение. Содержание лимфоцитов, экспрессирующих популяционные рецепторы (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19), оценивали методом проточной цитофлуориметрии, содержание сывороточных IgА, IgМ, IgG – методом радиальной иммунодиффузии в геле по Манчини. Всем участникам исследования проводили компьютерную томографию органов грудной клетки. Результаты. В группе пациентов с высоким уровнем ферритина отмечались лимфопения, повышение уровня С-реактивного белка и активная пролиферация СD19+лимфоцитов без усиления процессов антителогенеза. Клинические проявления у данной группы пациентов были тяжелее, чем в группе с нормальным содержанием ферритина. Заключение. Повышение уровня ферритина крови у пациентов со среднетяжелыми формами COVID-19 является предиктором более тяжелого течения и сопровождается нарушением процессов созревания Т-клеточного звена адаптивного иммунитета и усиленной пролиферацией В-лимфоцитов без адекватного усиления процессов антителогенеза. (Russian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Immunologiya is the property of Publishing Group GEOTAR-Media and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Comparison of deferasirox and deferoxamine effect on liver enzyme activities and ferritin level in patients with beta-thalassemia

Background and objective: Patients on blood transfusion may develop complications related to iron overload and the effects of chelating agents (drugs), which adversely affect the liver in thalassemia, which is a genetic blood disorder of hemoglobin synthesis that causes severe anemia. This study aimed to assess the effect of deferasirox and deferoxamine drugs on liver enzyme activities (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), and serum ferritin level in β_thalassemic patients. Methods: This study was carried out in Erbil city from October 2017 to February 2018. Blood specimens were collected in Hawler thalassemia center and Raparin hospital. The samples included 105 individuals; 70 β-thalassemic patients (35 treated by deferasirox as group A and 35 treated by deferoxamine as group B), and 35 healthy individuals (control group C). Results: The serum aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities in β-thalassemic patients were higher than that of controls. The serum alanine transaminase activity in the patients' groups showed non-significant elevation than that of controls. The serum ferritin level in the patients was significantly higher than that of controls. Conclusion: Our finding showed that both deferasirox and deferoxamine drugs affect liver enzymes and increase ferritin level. Keywords: β-thalassemia; Deferasirox; Deferoxamine; Liver enzymes; Ferritin.

Ferritin Levels in Patients with Acute Bronchiolitis in the Pre-COVID-19 Era

Background: Serum ferritin levels, biomarkers that seem to be associated with disease severity in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, are unknown in acute bronchiolitis (AB). Our objective is to explore the serum ferritin levels in a sample of infants with AB and to see if they are correlated with severity.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of an ongoing single-centre prospective cohort study including infants aged Findings: We analysed 102 congealed samples of patients with AB. The median age was 1 (0-2) month, and there were 62 (59%) males in the sample. A total of 16 (15.2%) cases presented with a known comorbidity associated with the development of a severe disease. The median value of serum ferritin was 236 ng/ml (IQR: 131-367). There was no statistical difference between the median value of serum ferritin in the severe group (26 patients) and non-severe group (76 patients) (274 ng/ml (IQR: 185-469) vs 230 ng/ml (IQR: 102-340), p= 0.495).Interpretation: Ferritin levels are not associated with disease severity in AB. Although they are not useful as biomarkers for severity in AB, the absence of elevated ferritin levels observed in our cohort suggest a potential role to differentiate severe bronchiolitis from other severe respiratory diseases, such as COVID-19.Funding: The work has not been funded by any source.Declaration of Interest: None of the authors in this manuscript has any conflict of interest to declare.Ethical Approval: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the local ethical investigation committee. Written informed consent was obtained.

PREDICTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF HIGH SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN THE DEBUT OF MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA

At present, the serum ferritin level is not included in the list of prognostic factors; however, it is known that its increased serum level in patients with malignant neoplasms relates with the tumor burden, the degree of disease activity and correlates with a worse prognosis in patients with hematologic malignancies.The normalization of serum ferritin level during remission period confirms the involving of hyperferritinemia in mechanisms of tumor progression and may testify for clinical importance of measurement of serum ferritin level in patients, including those with malignant lymphomas. Objective:The aim of this study was to assess of the prognostic significance of high ferritin levels at the onset of the disease in patients with malignant lymphomas. Materials and methods:98 patients with malignant lymphomaswere enrolled in this study, including 72 patients (73.5%) with non-Hodgkins lymphomas (NHL) and 26 patients (26.5%) with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). The increased serum ferritin level (more than 350 ng/ml) was found in 53 (54.2%) patients with malignant lymphomas at the onset of disease and its average concentration was 587,62±131,6 ng/ml (8.3 times higher values of control group, p&lt;0.001).Also the positive statistical correlationsbetween increased ferritin level and increased level of LDH (r=0.47, p&lt;0.001, n=98) and C-reactive protein (r=0.41, p&lt;0.001, n=98) as well as the presence of B-symptomswere found. The median OS was significantly shorter in the group of patients with increased ferritin level (more than 350 ng/ml) at the onset of disease in comparison with group of patients with normal ferritin level, where the median OS was not reach during the observation period. Patients with increased ferritin level before starting chemotherapy also showed worse results of overall survival and increased mortality risk (OR 8.122; 95% CI, 1.764-37.396;р&lt;0.05) compare with a group of patients with ferritin level ˂350 hg/ml at the onset of disease. Conclusion:These results make it possible to include lymphomas’s patients with increased ferritin level at the onset of disease in the group with poor prognosis and lower OS, while the increased ferritin level in patients without previous blood transfusions should be considered as a significant prognostic factor.

Evaluation of serum ferritin levels in patients of hypertension

Elevation of serum ferritin levels leads to serious complications. Increased serum ferritin levels leads to increased oxidative stress, further leading to inflammation, endothelial damage and consequently increasing the risk of hypertension.The aim of the present study was to estimate and compare serum ferritin levels in the hypertensive patients and control group.The present study was a hospital-based observational and analytical study. The study was conducted over a period of 1 year on 102 patients. The study group comprised of 51 patients (diagnosed with hypertension), and the control group comprised of 51 (age and gender matched) individuals. The levels of serum ferritin were analysed by the Sandwich ELISA method. The results of the present study show that, the mean value of serum ferritin was 293.27±219.84 ng/ml in study group and 72.23 ± 29.75 ng/ml in control group. The mean SBP was 151.45 ± 14.77 mm/Hg in study group and 109.88 ± 5.43 mm/Hg in control group. The mean DBP was 95.56 ± 7.46 mm/Hg in study group and 72.43 ± 2.97 mm/Hg in control group. The results of the present study indicate that the difference between the mean serum ferritin and mean SBP, mean DBP among the study group and control group was found to be significant statistically (p=&amp;#60;0.05).The present study concluded that there exists a positive correlation between the mean serum ferritin levels and hypertension among the study group (patients with hypertension).

Ferritin levels in patients with COVID-19: A poor predictor of mortality and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

IntroductionA hyperinflammatory environment has been a hallmark of COVID‐19 infection and is thought to be a key mediator of morbidity. Elevated ferritin has been observed in many patients with COVID‐19. Several retrospective studies have shown ferritin levels can be correlated and predictive of poor outcomes in COVID‐19, though a rigorous analysis has been lacking.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 942 adult COVID‐19 patients admitted in March 2020 at a large New York City health system with available ferritin levels.ResultsThe primary outcome, all‐cause mortality, was observed in 265 (28.1%) patients. Patients who died had a significantly higher median admission and maximum ferritin levels than those who did not. However, death was poorly predicted by admission and maximum ferritin levels on receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis, with AUCs of 0.677 and 0.638, respectively. AUCs increased when the cohort was limited to progressively younger patients. Ferritin levels were minimally better at predicting our secondary outcomes. These included mechanical ventilation, observed in 280 (29.7%) patients with an ROC yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.769, and new renal replacement therapy, observed in 80 (8.5%) of patients with an ROC yielding an AUC of 0.787. We also performed a subset analysis on 22 patients with ferritins >20 000 ng/mL. None of the patients met HLH‐2004 diagnostic criteria. Fifteen (68.2%) of these patients had suspected or confirmed bacterial infections.ConclusionsThough many patients with COVID‐19 present with hyperferritinemia, elevated ferritin levels are not accurate predictors of outcomes and do not appear to be indicative of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Proton pump inhibitors reduce phlebotomy burden in patients with HFE-related hemochromatosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may reduce iron absorption and serum ferritin levels in patients with homeostatic iron regulator (HFE)-related hemochromatosis, reducing the need for frequent phlebotomies. Our study aimed to perform for the first time a meta-analysis of existing observational and randomized controlled studies to ascertain the overall effect of PPI use in patients with HFE-related hemochromatosis. Studies in adults reporting the outcomes of PPIs use in hereditary hemochromatosis patients from Medline, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar databases from inception to December 2019 were systematically searched. The study outcomes were the serum ferritin levels and annual requirement for phlebotomies. Pooled mean difference, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained by the random-effects model. Forrest plots were constructed to show the summary pooled estimate. Heterogeneity was assessed by using I2 measure of inconsistency. Following an initial search of 202 manuscripts, a total of three studies involving 68 patients with hemochromatosis (34 in the PPIs group and 34 in the placebo or non-PPI group) were included. A minimum duration of PPI use was 1 year. Patients who received PPIs therapy did not have a statistically significant lower serum ferritin levels (mean difference: -18.86, 95% CI: -60.44, 22.72, P = 0.37, I2 = 88%) but required significantly less sessions of phlebotomies annually (mean difference: -3.10, 95% CI: -4.46, -3.08, P < 0.00001, I2 = 93%). No publication bias was found on Egger (P = 0.94) or Begg (P = 0.98) tests. PPIs can be used as an adjuvant therapy to reduce phlebotomy burden in patients with HFE-related hemochromatosis.

Iron overload associated symptoms and laboratory changes in the Swiss Haemochromatosis Cohort - when a clinician should become attentive.

Hereditary haemochromatosis is a genetic disease characterised by progressive accumulation of iron in organs leading to many unspecific complaints, but even today diagnosis may be delayed. We aimed to identify symptoms associated with iron overload and parameters typical in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis which might help to facilitate detection and diagnosis in daily clinical routine. We analysed the prospective Swiss Haemochromatosis Cohort (SHC), including 163 patients for whom serum ferritin levels at diagnosis were available. The cohort was stratified according to the degree of iron overload. Substantial iron overload was defined as serum ferritin concentrations &ge;1000 &micro;g/ml. Patients with substantial iron overload had significantly higher liver enzymes (p &lt;0.001) and more often arthropathy of the metacarpophalangeal joints (p &lt;0.001) and upper ankle joint (p = 0.003). Elevated liver enzymes, especially elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, were associated with a 10.1-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.8&ndash;21.2) increased the risk for serum ferritin levels &ge;1000 &micro;g/ml. Furthermore, metacarpophalangeal joint arthropathy emerged as an important predictor for iron overload with a 3.6-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.8&ndash;7.1; p &lt;0.001). Only elevated ALT levels and metacarpophalangeal joint arthropathy remained significantly associated with elevated iron levels after adjustment for possible confounders in patients diagnosed with hereditary haemochromatosis. Elevated ALT levels and metacarpophalangeal arthropathy remained independently associated with elevated ferritin levels in patients with haemochromatosis and should prompt clinicians to consider iron overload in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis. &nbsp; &nbsp.

Hepcidin and ferritin levels in restless legs syndrome: a case\u2013control study

The association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and iron homeostasis remains unclear. We compared serum hepcidin and ferritin levels in patients with RLS and controls, and assessed their relationships with RLS phenotype, drug intake, and history of augmentation syndrome. 102 drug-free RLS patients (age 58.9 [24.5–77.2], 63 females) and 73 controls (age 56.8 [23.46–76.6], 45 females) underwent a polysomnography recording. Hepcidin levels were quantified by ELISA. 34 RLS patients had a second assessment after starting dopaminergic drugs. Ferritin level was low (< 50 µg/l) in 14.7% of patients and 25% of controls, with no between-group differences in the mean values. Hepcidin levels were higher in patients even after adjustment for confounding factors, and excluding participants with low ferritin levels. Ferritin and hepcidin levels were comparable before and after treatment, and between patients with (n = 17) and without history of augmentation. Ferritin and hepcidin levels correlated with age, body mass index, and periodic leg movements. Higher hepcidin levels were associated with older age, older age at RLS onset, less daytime sleepiness and familial RLS. In conclusion, serum hepcidin levels but not ferritin were higher in RLS patients regardless of treatment and history of augmentation. Serum hepcidin may be a more relevant biomarker of RLS than ferritin.

Comparison of Deferoxamine, Deferiprone and Deferasirox Iron-Chelating Agents in Reducing Serum Ferritin Levels in Patients with Thalassemia Major

Comparison of Deferoxamine, Deferiprone and Deferasirox Iron-Chelating Agents in Reducing Serum Ferritin Levels in Patients with Thalassemia Major

Association of Serum Iron and Ferritin Levels in Patients of Cholelithiasis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Cholelithiasis is a common abdominal disorder resulting in increasing hospital admissions. About 10-12% of adults develop gallstones. Aim of this study was to find out any association of serum iron and ferritin levels in patients of cholelithiasis. Subjects and Methods: Present study was conducted at the department of surgery, tertiary care institute of for the period 1 year. For the study purpose 70 gall stone cases and 70 normal healthy matched controls were taken as study participants. After explaining about the study to the subjects, an informed consent will be obtained, followed by a detailed history with clinical examination with more emphasis on the parameters given below in outcome variable (ultrasonography finding, serum iron level, serum ferritin level, serum cholesterol). Results: The mean age in the case group (gallstones present) is 43.12 years, as compared to the control group the mean age is 41.05 years, The study shows in the case group 64% of patient was female and 36% was male and in the control group 76% of patient was female and 24% was male. In this study 46 (65.7%) patients with gallstones have the value of serum iron less than normal (normal value: &gt;40 µg/dl). Our study shows, there are 35 female patients with gallstone disease who have serum iron levels below the normal value Most of the patients with gallstone disease whose serum iron levels are subnormal are females. Our study shows that the mean serum iron between cases and control was statistically significant p 0.05. There is no effect of anemia on serum cholesterol. In this study the mean serum cholesterol between cases and control was statistical insignificant (p&gt;0.7)) In the case group, 20 of male and 36 of female patients have normal serum ferritin levels. The number of females having normal serum ferritin levels (in both case and control groups) is more. Conclusion: Gallstones are more prevalent in female population than males. Serum ferritin association is insignificant as it increases other condition with inflammation also. Low serum iron level associated with high risk of cholelithiasis as this may lead to super saturation of bile.

Study of serum ferritin level and effect of oral iron chelator in children with b - thalassemia major

To study the effect of oral iron chelator on serum ferritin level in patients with thalassemia major, we see the dose and frequency of oral iron chelator and its effect on serum ferritin and BT (Blood transfusion) iron overload. Patients with thalassemia with 5-18 year of age are taken in our study. Total numbers of patients taken are 50.1 Group is with BT iron overload of 0.2-0.3mg/kg/day is given oral iron chelator in the dose 20mg/kg/day &amp; serum ferritin should be &amp;#60;1500ng/ml. 2 group is with BT iron overload of &amp;#62;0.3mg/kg/day is given oral iron chelator in the dose 30mg/kg/day &amp; serum ferritin should be &amp;#62;1500ng/ml. Oral iron chelator is given according to serum ferritin level which is done at frequent intervals. Oral iron chelator is given as per serum ferritin level and maximum dose of oral iron chelator is 40 mg/kg/day. We study the dose of oral iron chelator, change in serum ferritin level and its effects on BT iron overload. Number of patients with BT iron overload in the range of 0.2-0.3 mg/kg is n=25(50%) in 1 Group. Number of patients with BT iron overload in the range of &amp;#62;0.3-0.4 mg/kg is n=15(30%) in 2 Group. Number of patients with BT iron overload is more than 0.4 is n=10 (20%) in 3 group. Calculated probability of average dose of oral iron chelator is &amp;#60;0.05 that means it is lower in 1 group than 2 and 3 group. There is significant decrease in serum ferritin level in 3 groups when we compare it with our beginning level (calculated probability &amp;#60;0.05). So, we can say that serum ferritin level is not depend on BT iron overload, but BT iron overload is depend on dose of oral iron chelator. Serum iron concentration is also lowered as there is increase in dose of oral iron chelator. In our study we can say that oral iron chelator which can reduce serum ferritin level maximally was 30 mg/kg/day and showing very less side effects (BT iron overload taken for consideration was 0.3-0.4mg/kg/day). Oral iron chelator should be given less than 30mg/kg/day in patients having less BT frequency and less BT iron overload.

Clinical usefulness of serum ferritin level in patients with fatty liver

Clinical usefulness of serum ferritin level in patients with fatty liver

Iron metabolism and indicators reflecting its changes in pulmonary tuberculosis (literature review).

Iron is an essential element for human and bacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis. Over review includesthe literature on the problem of iron metabolism in patients with tuberculosis and with comorbid pathology HIV infection and tuberculosis. The literature was searched for when writing this review using the RSCI, CyberLeninka, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed databases using the following keywords: iron, ferritin, hepsidin, lactoferrin, tuberculosis, pneumonia, HIV infection. Iron compounds are involved in many redox reactions: oxygen transport, cellular respiration, the trichloroacetic acid cycle, DNA biosynthesis, and others. The ratio of intracellular and extracellular iron in the body is regulated by the low molecular weight hormone hepcidin, the mechanism of action of which is to block the function of ferroportin, an exporter of iron from cells, which leads to the accumulation of the intracellular iron pool and the prevention of the toxic effect of free iron. The role of iron in the interaction of the human body with ferro-dependent bacteria has been established. Iron is necessary for the growth and development of bacterial cells, and the methods for its production from the host are different. Information on the effect of iron metabolism on pulmonary tuberculosis is scarce and contradictory: some authors have identified a decrease in hemoglobin and transferrin in combination with elevated levels of ferritin in patients with tuberculosis; according to other sources, hyperferritinemia in tuberculosis cannot be predictive, but is a marker inflammation. At the same time, there are studies that indicate a significant increase in ferritin in patients with disseminated tuberculosis relative to other clinical forms. Currently, the incidence of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection is increasing, while diagnostic tests are not very informative. The search for diagnostic markers in terms of iron metabolism may open up new possibilities for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Correlation of Cardiac and Liver Iron Level with T2*MRI and Vitamin D3 Serum Level in Patients with Thalassemia Major.

IntroductionThalassemia is a hypochromic microcytic anemia, which is characterized by congenital disorders. In thalassemia patients, bone diseases are one of the causes of mortality. Our goal was to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and increased iron uptake by cardiac myocytes and hepatocytes.Materials and MethodsForty patients with thalassemia major were studied in Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran. The information obtained through clinical examination. Serum ferritin level was determined by ELISA and T2*MRI performed for measuring iron content in the heart and the liver.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 23.8 ± 10.7 years. The mean T2*MRI values were 23.7 ± 7. The vitamin D3 level in 33 patients (82.5% cases) was less than 20 ng/dl, 2 patients (5%) in the range of 20–30 ng/dl, and the others had above 30 ng/dl. Correlation between vitamin D and age was 0.611. Correlation coefficient between heart and liver T2*MRI with ferritin level in patients was 0.437 and 0.335, respectively.ConclusionDue to significant associations, the periodic measurement of vitamin D, as well as PTH, is recommended for patients with thalassemia major.

Poor prognostic impact of high serum ferritin levels in patients with a lower risk of diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

The International Prognostic Index (IPI) and other prognostic models cannot accurately classify risks in patients with lower-risk diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This study retrospectively analyzed serum levels of ferritin (500 and ≥ 500ng/mL) and other reported risk factors for survival in 312 patients. High and high-intermediate risk IPI scores (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 2.22 [1.33, 3.72], P = 0.002 and 2.29 [1.33, 3.93], P = 0.003, respectively) and ferritin concentration ≥ 500ng/mL (HR [95% CI] 2.22 [1.37, 3.60], P = 0.001 and 2.18 [1.31, 3.63], P = 0.003, respectively) were independent poor prognostic factors for 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in all patients. Additionally, high ferritin level (≥ 500ng/mL) was an independent poor prognostic factor for PFS and OS in patients with lower-risk IPI (HR [95% CI] 3.37 [1.36, 8.33], P = 0.009 and 3.29 [1.23, 8.83], P = 0.0018, respectively). In conclusion, serum ferritin levels may be helpful in predicting survival in patients with DLBCL, especially in those with lower-risk IPI scores.