Female Sports Research Articles

Making female sports a sense of big text with media in Tripura: If we are to truly embrace a learning mindset

Making female sports a sense of big text with media in Tripura: If we are to truly embrace a learning mindset

The effect of exercise using auxiliary tools in learning the forehand and backhand skills of female tennis students

Background and Study Aim. The present study investigates the effect of exercise using auxiliary tools. It should facilitate learning process of the forehand and backhand skills of female tennis students of physical education and sports. It can also be used by workers in the field of performance and different motor responses. Material and Methods. An experimental method with two group pretest and posttest design approached the 20 volunteers of female sports students (age 19±2), who had participated in a training course. The sample is divided into 2 groups of experimental and control according to the score of the forehand and backhand tests and measurements. Analyses were performed using statistical software SPSS 23 (Statistical Package for social science) program. The following variables were calculated using: Arithmetic mean, Standard deviation, Simplex correlation coefficient (Pearson), T-test for related means. Results. The study showed a significant value (p=0.001, p<0.05) in the acquisition of the forehand and backhand skills after post-test assessment when compared to pretest. However, significant differences emerged in developing some basic tennis skills. The special exercises with auxiliary tools made a remarkable development in all basic skills. Conclusions. Coaches play a key role in use of suitable equipment in tennis teaching programs. Voluntary participation in such tests provides effectiveness feedback on teachers teaching and adequacy of performance acquisition gained by learners. This study will encourage teachers to use special exercises with auxiliary tools in learning and acquiring basic skills in games and sports activities.

Application of data mining in female sports behavior prediction based on FCM algorithm

Application of data mining in female sports behavior prediction based on FCM algorithm

Social Media Influence and Gender Are Correlated with Industry Payments to Orthopaedic Sports Surgeons.

Social media, specifically Twitter, has become an increasingly used tool in academic orthopaedic surgery to help surgeons connect with patients and peers. This study seeks to understand correlations among social medial influence, academic influence, and gender among academic orthopaedic sport surgeons. A list of all orthopaedic sports surgeons serving as faculty of sports fellowships in the United States was compiled, along with publicly available demographic information. Their Hirsh indices (h-indices) were obtained using the Scopus database. The Physician Payments Sunshine Act Web site was used to determine their industry payments from 2014 through 2020. The number of Twitter followers was used as a measure of social media influence. Multivariable linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between these parameters and industry payments. Of the 633 surgeons, 33% had a Twitter account. Surgeons with > 1,000 followers (7.3%) were awarded 186% more in nonresearch funding (p = 0.01) and had a higher probability of receiving industry research funding compared with those with no followers (p = 0.03). Sports surgeons had an average h-index of 16, with 44% having ≤ 20 publications and 21% having ≥ 100 publications. Surgeons with ≥ 100 publications were awarded 453% more in nonresearch funding (p = 0.001) and had a 32% higher probability of receiving industry research funding (p < 0.001) when compared with their colleagues with ≤ 20 publications. Female sports surgeons accounted for only 7.9% of surgeons included in the study, and were awarded 65% less in industry nonresearch funding compared with their male colleagues (p = 0.004) when controlling for other factors. Both number of publications and a high level of Twitter activity (> 1,000 followers) had the strongest associations with the quantity of industry nonresearch funding and the highest probability of industry research funding. Female sports surgeons received significantly less industry nonresearch funding compared with their male colleagues. Future studies further exploring gender disparities in industry funding for orthopaedic surgeons may be warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic, Level III.

Gender Stereotypes/Discrimination Females Experience in Sports-Related Occupations

With the continuous development of human society, the sense of equality is getting stronger and stronger, and feminism is also on the rise. This makes competitive sports, which was the exclusive right of men in the early days, open to women as a symbol of gender equality. In the last decade of the 20th century, gender equality in sports attracted the attention of the International Olympic Committee and other sports-related organizations. Since ancient times, female sports workers have been treated unfairly in the field of sports. How to solve the problem of gender equality in sports is a continuous concern in the research. Through the analysis of female work in the sports field: female athletes, female referees and female journalists, this paper finds that women are at a disadvantage in competitive sports, sports news, commentary and other related industries. Compared with other fields, the absolute position of men in sports is more difficult to shake. Although the number of women engaged in sports-related industries and the types involved are gradually increasing in recent years, this is only a representation, and there are still obvious disadvantages compared with men. The public's deep-rooted prejudice and potential sexist ideas about women engaging in sports-related industries are the most fundamental problems, which not only lead to the public's disapproval of women engaging in sports-related industries, but also have a negative impact on how women view themselves. After a series of analyses, it is found that female sports workers are still marginalized.

소셜미디어 상에서의 통역사에 대한 인식과 통역 콘텐츠 분석 : 유튜브(Youtube)의 비정형 데이터를 이용한 텍스트 마이닝 분석과 질적 사례연구

Social media has become an important online field in which professional identity construction occurs(Gal et al., 2016). This study aims to understand how interpreters are perceived and represented on the video-sharing website YouTube (www.youtube.com). Using Selenium, a Python library, the title and description of all 298 videos searched with the keyword “tongyeoksa”(meaning “interpreter” in Korean) were scraped. Keyword analysis, co-occurrence network analysis and LDA topic modeling analysis were employed to derive insights from the scraped data set. A qualitative content analysis was performed to complement the result of analysis. Through the analysis, the study reveals that the main topics of ‘interpreter-related’ YouTube videos are “Occupation and English Learning”, “Interpreters under the Media Spotlight”, “Sign Language Interpretation and Certificate”, “Female Sports Interpreter and Appearance”, and “Lectures and Awareness-raising”. Perception of interpreters in general showed an association with ‘foreign language skills’, ‘foreign language learning’, and ‘the growing popularity of Korean cultural content overseas’. On the other hand, ‘certificate’ and ‘awareness-raising about human rights of the socially-underprivileged’ appeared as main topics in the online discourse of sign language interpreters while ‘femininity’ and ‘appearance’ were highlighted in sports interpreters.

Did Expanding Sports Opportunities for Women Reduce Crime?

<h3>Abstract</h3> Advocates of youth sports programs, including the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, argue that athletic competition reduces crime among participants, thereby generating external social benefits. However, next to nothing is known about the impact of sports participation on crime. Using the introduction of Title IX as a natural experiment, we find that exposure to a 10 percentage-point higher female sports participation rate while in high school reduced adult female arrests for Part I offenses by approximately 0.5 arrests per 1,000 population. This result is consistent with sports participation-induced gains in educational attainment and labor market outcomes and suggests important external benefits of the 1972 educational amendments to Title IX.

Prevalence of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) among National Athletes in Malaysia.

Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), which underpins the concept of low energy availability (LEA), can negatively affect athletes' health and performance. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of RED-S among national athletes in Malaysia. A total of 192 national athletes (97 males, 18-39 years old) responded to an online survey regarding the RED-S risk. Most athletes (67.2%) were classified as having a medium/high RED-S risk. Female (41.2%), weight-class (23.9%), and intermittent sports (20.3%) had the highest prevalence of medium/high RED-S risk. Overall, most athletes spent 2-5 h daily (55.2%) and 6-7 days weekly (53.6%) practicing or playing their sport, and 47.9% reported feeling tired recently. The athletes were also terrified of being overweight (61.5%), worried about what they eat (64.7%), concerned about having fat on their bodies (62.6%), and thinking about burning calories while exercising (69.3%). Only 16.7% of the athletes had a prior history of stress fractures, and 40.6% continued to participate in activities 6-7 days per week while injured. The majority of female athletes (88.3%) had regular menstrual cycles. These findings support the notion that RED-S screening should be addressed in the athletic community. Future research is needed to clinically assess these athletes and investigate the impacts of RED-S on their health and sports performance.

Practical, professional or patriarchal? An investigation into the socio-cultural impacts of gendered school sports uniform and the role uniform plays in shaping female experiences of school sport

ABSTRACT This paper reports the findings of a mixed-methods study which investigates the socio-cultural impacts of UK gendered school sport uniform and the role uniform plays in shaping female school sport experiences. Drawing on an extensive analytical survey with over 400 women of all-ages and 8 interviews with women aged 18–24, it explores how school sport uniform directly impacts female sporting experiences and participation in physical activity, and how uniform policy could be changed to promote greater female sport participation. Gendered school sport uniform continues to operate as a socio-spatial mechanism that names, frames and positions young people in heteronormative school sport spaces. This paper assesses how gendered school sport uniform contributes to the disciplining of the ‘ideal feminine body’ in schoolgirls and the construction of behavioural gender binaries in sport. The data reveal gendered sport uniform influences the development of a ‘fear of masculinisation’ in sport and common athletic-feminine identity tensions in teenage girls. The research finds gendered school sport uniform plays a major role in the high drop-out rates of teenage girls in school sport and offers practical insight into how policy could be changed to promote inclusivity, comfort and greater female sport participation. This paper proposes redesigning traditional gendered school sport policy to focus on ‘enabling’ participation has huge potential to transform female embodied and psychological experiences of school sport and increase school sport participation and enjoyment.

Patellofemoral Pain, Q-Angle, and Performance in Female Chinese Collegiate Soccer Players.

Background and objective: Female sports injuries have been neglected by science, and few relevant studies have considered female subjects. Knee pain in female soccer players is more common than in male soccer players. The number of days of absence from training and competition has been shown to be higher in females than males. The reporting of knee pain is common in female soccer players, but whether knee pain is associated with morphological features is unclear. The Q-angle of the knee has been hypothesized to be a causal factor in knee pain. Asian females have shown higher levels of valgus than non-sporting Caucasian populations, but no data exist for female Chinese players. The aim of our study was to investigate whether there are associations between knee pain, the Q-angle of the lower limb, jump performance, play time, and perceived exertion in female Chinese collegiate soccer players. Materials and Methods: We measured the Q-angle, patellofemoral/anterior knee pain (SNAPPS questionnaire), and CMJ and SJ performance of 21 subjects (age: 20.09 ± 1.13 years, weight: 56.9 ± 6.26 kg, height: 164.24 ± 4.48 cm, and >10 years of practice) before and after a match; Borg scale and play time results were also recorded. Results: We found that our studied group had higher Q-angles in comparison to other ethnic groups reported in the literature, as well as an association of the Q-angle with the age, height, and weight of the players; however, contrary to other studies, we did not find any association between the Q-angle and knee pain, jumps, play time, or perceived exertion. Knee pain was not associated with any of the measured variables. Conclusions: Female Chinese soccer players showed higher Q-angles than players of other ethnic groups, a result that was associated with anthropometrics. The Q-angle was not found to be associated with knee pain, for which the sole determinant was body height.

The Evaluation of Energy Availability and Dietary Nutrient Intake of Sport Climbers at Different Climbing Levels

Proper nutrition is the basis for athletes' performances when competing or training. The increasing training volume accompanying the increase in advancement should go hand in hand with the appropriate supply of energy as well as macro and micronutrients. The diet of climbing representatives due to the desire to achieve a low body weight may be deficient in energy and micronutrients. Our study aimed to evaluate the differences in energy availability and nutrient intake of female and male sport climbers at different climbing levels. Anthropometric parameters and the resting metabolic rate were measured, the questionnaire about climbing grade and training hours was filled, and a 3-day food diary was fulfilled by 106 sport climbers. Based on the collected data, the energy availability as well as the macro- and micronutrient intake was calculated. Low energy availability (EA) was observed among both genders of sport climbing representatives. A significant difference between EA in various levels of advancement was found in the male group (p < 0.001). Differences in carbohydrate intake (g/kg/BW) between sexes were observed (p = 0.01). Differences in nutrients intake between climbing grade were found in both the female and male groups. In the group of female elite athletes, the adequate supply of most of the micronutrients can imply a high-quality diet despite the low calorie content. It is necessary to educate sport climbing representatives about the importance of proper nutrition as well as the consequences of insufficient energy intake.

"I Decked Myself Out in Pink"

"I Decked Myself Out in Pink"

The Effect of Different Strength Training Modalities on Sprint Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

There has been a rise in the participation, professionalism, and profile of female sports in recent years. Sprinting ability is an important quality for successful athletic performance in many female team sports. However, much of the research to date on improving sprint performance in team sports is derived from studies with male participants. Given the biological differences between the sexes, this may be problematic for practitioners when programming to enhance sprint performance in female team-sport athletes. Therefore, the aims of this systematic review were to investigate (1) the overall effect of lower body strength training on sprint performance, and (2) the effect of specific strength training modalities (i.e., reactive-; maximal-; combined-; special-strength) on sprint performance in female team-sport athletes. An electronic database search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS to identify relevant articles. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to establish standardised mean difference with 95% confidence intervals and the magnitude and direction of the effect. Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis. The 15 studies represent a total sample size of 362 participants (intervention n = 190; control n = 172) comprising 17 intervention groups and 15 control groups. The overall effects revealed small improvements in sprint performance in favour of the experimental group over 0-10m and moderate improvements over sprint distances of 0-20m and 0-40m. The magnitude of improvement in sprint performance was influenced by the strength modality (i.e., reactive-, maximal-, combined-, and special-strength) utilised in the intervention. Reactive- and combined-strength training methods had a greater effect than maximal- or special-strength modalities on sprint performance. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that, when compared with a control group (i.e., technical and tactical training), the different strength training modalities exhibited small to moderate improvements in sprint performance in female team-sport athletes. The results of a moderator analysis demonstrated that youth athletes (< 18years) yielded a greater improvement in sprint performance compared with adults (≥ 18years). This analysis also supports the use of a longer programme duration (> 8weeks) with a higher total number of training sessions (> 12sessions) to improve overall sprint performance. These results will serve to guide practitioners when programming to enhance sprint performance in female team-sport athletes.

Reliability, Usefulness, and Validity of Field-Based Vertical Jump Measuring Devices.

Comyns, TM, Murphy, J, and O'Leary, D. Reliability, usefulness, and validity of field-based vertical jump measuring devices. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1594-1599, 2023-The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability, usefulness, and validity of field-based devices, in determining jump height (JH) during a countermovement jump (CMJ). Twenty-one male (22.8 ± 2.4 years; 1.82 ± 0.07 m; 86.0 ± 10.4 kg) and 7 female field sport athletes (20.5 ± 1.5 years; 1.65 ± 0.06 m; 65.4 ± 7.2 kg) performed 3 CMJs with data simultaneously recorded using a force plate (criterion measure), Optojump, Output Capture, and Push-Band 2.0. Reliability was determined by intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) analyses. Usefulness was assessed by comparing typical error (TE) with the smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and the validity analyses involved repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient ( r ), coefficient of determination, and Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement analyses. All 3 field-based devices were deemed reliable in assessing CMJ height as the respective ICCs ≥ 0.80 and the CV ≤ 10%. Only the Optojump and Output Capture devices were rated as "good" at detecting the SWC in performance (Optojump SWC: 1.44 > TE: 1.04; Output Capture SWC: 1.47 > TE: 1.05). The Output Capture device demonstrated acceptable validity for CMJ height assessment, whereas the Push-Band 2.0 showed systematic bias when compared with the criterion force plate data. Systematic difference was also evident for the Optojump potentially due to the optical switching-cell position on the Optojump. Although all 3 devices showed excellent reliability, the Optojump and Output Capture devices offer practitioners a cost effective, reliable, and valid method of assessing the smallest worthwhile change in CMJ performance in an applied setting.

Prevalence of low energy availability and associations with seasonal changes in salivary hormones and IgA in elite male Gaelic footballers.

Evidence suggests low energy availability (LEA) is prevalent in elite male Gaelic football (GF) players. Previous research in male and female team sports found LEA may negatively impact endocrine function. The aim of this study was to examine the seasonal variations in energy availability (EA) and its associations with salivary measures in elite male GF players across the competitive season. Energy availability was assessed using field-based methods in conjunction with salivary testosterone (s-T), cortisol (s-C) and immunoglobin A (s-IgA) concentrations at pre-season (PRE), in-season (IN) and post-season (POST). 38% reported LEA at PRE, 33% at IN, and 28.5% at POST. s-C, s-T and s-IgA levels were within normal ranges at PRE, IN and POST. Salivary cortisol declined significantly from PRE to IN, remaining reduced at POST. Salivary testosterone decreased significantly from PRE to IN but was significantly elevated at POST compared to IN. Salivary IgA was significantly greater at POST than IN. No significant associations were found between s-C or s-T and EA at any time point. Pre-season s-IgA exhibited a significant inverse association with PRE EA. Decreased s-IgA flow rate and s-IgA secretion rate were significantly associated with decreased EA at PRE. Reduced carbohydrate (CHO) intake was also associated with decreased s-IgA secretion rate at PRE. This study suggests that LEA is prevalent in elite male GF players, but is not associated with s-C or s-T. However, EA is associated with s-IgA which may impact the immune system. Therefore, education and interventions surrounding the prevalence and associations of EA should be implemented in this population.

Menstrual Cycle and Sport Injuries: A Systematic Review.

The presence of female athletes has only increased in recent years, as has the incidence of injuries in female sports activities. These injuries are conditioned by multiple factors, including hormonal agents. It is estimated that the menstrual cycle may be related to the predisposition to suffer an injury. However, a causal relationship has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the menstrual cycle and injuries in female sports practice. A systematic search of the scientific literature available in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Sport Discus was carried out in January 2022. With 138 articles, only eight studies were found that met the selection criteria for this study. Peak estradiol is associated with increased laxity, strength, and poor use of neuromuscular control. Thus, the ovulatory phase is associated with an increased risk of injury. In conclusion, it seems that hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle alter values such as laxity, strength, body temperature, and neuromuscular control, among others. This fact causes women to constantly adapt to hormonal variations, which exposes them to a higher risk of injury.

Development of a Head Acceleration Event Classification Algorithm for Female Rugby Union

Instrumented mouthguards have been used to detect head accelerations and record kinematic data in numerous sports. Each recording requires validation through time-consuming video verification. Classification algorithms have been posed to automatically categorise head acceleration events and spurious events. However, classification algorithms must be designed and/or validated for each combination of sport, sex and mouthguard system. This study provides the first algorithm to classify head acceleration data from exclusively female rugby union players. Mouthguards instrumented with kinematic sensors were given to 25 participants for six competitive rugby union matches in an inter-university league. Across all instrumented players, 214 impacts were recorded from 460 match-minutes. Matches were video recorded to enable retrospective labelling of genuine and spurious events. Four machine learning algorithms were trained on five matches to predict these labels, then tested on the sixth match. Of the four classifiers, the support vector machine achieved the best results, with area under the receiver operator curve (AUROC) and area under the precision recall curve (AUPRC) scores of 0.92 and 0.85 respectively, on the test data. These findings represent an important development for head impact telemetry in female sport, contributing to the safer participation and improving the reliability of head impact data collection within female contact sport.

Career Transition, Prospects, and Challenges Faced by Chinese Elite Female Athletes in Competitive Sports

The purpose of the research was to study career transition, prospects, and challenges faced by Chinese elite female athletes in competitive sports. This article uses the life history approach in the qualitative method and Schlossberg’s transition theory to investigate the reasons for the retirement of elite female athletes and the specific problems during and after retirement period. And the article deeply explores the real needs of elite female athletes during the transition period of retirement. Find out the specific problems in the Chinese competitive sports athletes’ training system and the social guarantee system. After that, it will focus on the “Female” elite sports, combining social reality, and put forward relevant suggestions from five aspects: Policy environment, Social Environment, Social Media, Social Faith, and Social Network. So as to fill in the gaps of researches in the field of “female sports” in China and provide references for further improving the retirement protection system of Chinese competitive sports athletes.

LESS score and isometric lower limb strength after ACL reconstruction in female handball players

Background: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries have amplified dramatically in the last years in female team sports due to the incrementing number of teams and players, an increase in speed and competitivity, and in some areas due to insufficient strength training in young athletes.

Reliability of the running vertical jump test in female team sport athletes

Injury rates to the lower limb have increased over the past 40 years, coinciding with increases in female sport participation rates. Sport specific tests such as the running vertical jump (RVJ) are utilised for injury risk profiling, however the test-retest reliability is unknown. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the thorax, pelvis and lower limb joint angular kinematics and kinetics for the RVJ test in female team sport athletes. DesignThree-dimensional motion capture with force plate integration was utilised as participants performed five trials on each limb on three separate days. SettingTesting occurred in a biomechanics laboratory. ParticipantsThirty-four females (Australian Rules Football = 15, Netball = 12, Soccer = 7) participated in this study. Main Outcome MeasuresIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), effect sizes and typical errors (TE) of segment and joint angular kinematics and kinetics were calculated. ResultsPoor to excellent reliability (ICC = −0.12 – 0.92), small to large effect sizes (0.00–0.90) and TE (0.02–289.24) were observed across segment and joint angular kinematics and kinetics. ConclusionsThe RVJ test is recommended when analysing ground reaction forces and joint angular kinematics in female team sport athletes.