Female Pioneers Research Articles

Nannofossil biostratigraphy in industry; female pioneers in nannopaleontology and a story of life on the rigs.

Nannofossil biostratigraphy in industry; female pioneers in nannopaleontology and a story of life on the rigs.

Recognising female pioneers in neurology

Recognising female pioneers in neurology

Physiology of Health and Performance: Enabling Success of Women in Combat Arms Roles.

The modern female soldier has yet to be fully characterized as she steps up to fill new combat roles that have only recently been opened to women. Both U.S. and U.K. military operational research efforts are supporting a science-based evolution of physical training and standards for female warfighters. The increasing representation of women in all military occupations makes it possible to discover and document the limits of female physiological performance. An informal Delphi process was used to synthesize an integrated concept of current military female physiological research priorities and emerging findings using a panel of subject matter experts who presented their research and perspectives during the second Women in Combat Summit hosted by the TriService Nursing Research Program in February 2021. The physical characteristics of the modern soldier are changing as women train for nontraditional military roles, and they are emerging as stronger and leaner. Capabilities and physique will likely continue to evolve in response to new Army standards and training programs designed around science-based sex-neutral requirements. Strong bones may be a feature of the female pioneers who successfully complete training and secure roles traditionally reserved for men. Injury risk can be reduced by smarter, targeted training and with attention directed to female-specific hormonal status, biomechanics, and musculoskeletal architecture. An "estrogen advantage" appears to metabolically support enhanced mental endurance in physically demanding high-stress field conditions; a healthy estrogen environment is also essential for musculoskeletal health. The performance of female soldiers can be further enhanced by attention to equipment that serves their needs with seemingly simple solutions such as a suitable sports bra and personal protective equipment that accommodates the female anatomy. Female physiological limits and performance have yet to be adequately defined as women move into new roles that were previously developed and reserved for men. Emerging evidence indicates much greater physical capacity and physiological resilience than previously postulated.

Female pioneers in orthopaedic surgery

In a male-dominated professional specialty, it is important to shine a light on the female pioneers in orthopaedics who have been the first of their kind in Britain. From Garrett Anderson to Clare Marx, these women have left a legacy contributing not only to the techniques and equipment used in surgery today but, by breaking through glass ceilings, have encouraged a change in the gender perception of orthopaedics. In an evolving profession, we celebrate these successful women and the incredible lengths they have gone to, in challenging the status quo and diversity issues. This article aims to highlight some of these role models, who may not thus far have received the recognition they deserve, and to encourage us to learn from their legacy to create a more inclusive culture in medicine.

The overlooked contributions of African American women hip hop dancers to breaking and hip hop culture

In the late 1980s through 1990s shifts within the aesthetic of hip hop culture helped the sustainability of breaking. When the discussion of hip hop and its major contributors are mentioned, seldom is there any acknowledgement of African American women. Like many art forms, hip hop is male-dominated, which can eclipse narratives about African American women in early hip hop dance circles. African American women practitioners are rarely called upon to moderate panels, write or are acknowledged as true pioneers of the field. Many times, throughout hip hop, African American women kept the dance alive with their resiliency, becoming the catalyst from the streets that help preserve and continue its legacy. The question I ask is: How have these African American women impacted global hip hop culture and why are they unknown to us? The article will examine performance qualities within interdisciplinary practices that forged ahead hip hop culture with these under-represented New York hip hop female dancers. Insights about the experience of these African American female pioneers bring into light historical concerns of exploitation and representation right in time for the introduction of breaking in the 2024 Olympics.

The Queen of the Arctic: Louise Arner Boyd

Louise Boyd (1887–1972) was a female pioneer in Arctic research whose legacy includes the exploration of north-east Greenland. In this Perspective piece, we use a broad interdisciplinary approach to investigate her career as a photographer and expedition leader. When documenting glacial retreat during the 1930s, she was at the forefront of the development of glaciology as a research discipline. Without family obligations and with seemingly inexhaustible financial resources, she used Arctic exploration to create an independent and self-defined life for herself.

The Encyclopedia of Female Pioneers in Online Learning, 2023.

The Encyclopedia of Female Pioneers in Online Learning by Drs. Susan Bainbridge and Norine Wark is an overview of the work and experiences of 30 women - early adopters of online (OL) and distance education (DE) in their countries (although even they struggle with what to call their focus of study and practice, as discussed in Chapter 32). Building on the use of “…career profiles, original interviews, and research analysis…” (p. 1), the book is a testament to the space that women in this field, have occupied and continue to occupy in the modern-day world of technology enhanced global education. The book is divided into two parts.

BOOK REVIEW: The Encyclopedia of Female Pioneers in Online Learning

BOOK REVIEW: The Encyclopedia of Female Pioneers in Online Learning

Structure and agency in the career of a female pioneer in Italian journalism: A conversation with Anna Maria Mori

This conversation with Anna Maria Mori aims to reconstruct, through the testimony and the memories of a prominent pioneer of women’s journalism, the feminization of news making practices and cultures in Italy. From a twenty-first century perspective, the interview will retrace the evolution of women’s access to careers in Italian journalism, bringing to light the undeniable progress and the persistent areas of criticality, the asymmetries between the increasing presence and visibility gained by women journalists and their enduring underrepresentation when it comes to leadership positions in the newsroom. Having covered many different roles during her long career, which has developed through the daily press, women’s magazines, radio and television, Mori is the ideal interlocutor for the specific intent of this interview.

Book Review: The Encyclopedia of Female Pioneers in Online Learning, authored by Susan Bainbridge and Norine Wark (Routledge, 2022)

Book Review: The Encyclopedia of Female Pioneers in Online Learning, authored by Susan Bainbridge and Norine Wark (Routledge, 2022)

North to South through a Post-Feminist Prism: Israeli Society as Reflected in Ora Shem-Ur’s Fictional Detective Novels

Ora Shem-Ur’s detective series starring Ali Honigsberg established her as one of the early female pioneers in the new wave of Israeli detective fiction writers. In line with the current trend in post-feminist criticism towards analyzing the place of women within popular culture by looking at fiction as an agent of social change, this article suggests that the series not only addresses gendered topics but also other tensions and social exploitations of power within Israeli society. Shem-Ur thus provides a fascinating portrait of Israeli society in the 1990s, reflecting the way in which female detective fiction developed from light reading material into a social mirror presenting and addressing social changes and shifts in gender conception. Reading the series through a post-feminist lens, the article seeks to demonstrate how its themes of the relations between men, women, and power, and of economic corruption and politics, shed light on contemporaneous Israeli social issues.

Book Review of the Encyclopedia of Female Pioneers in Online Learning

Bainbridge, Susan &amp; Wark, Norine. (2022). The Encyclopedia of Female Pioneers in Online Learning. Routledge. 492 pages. ISBN 9781003275329 (eBook). <a href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003275329" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003275329</a>.

Women Economists and the Changes in the Discipline of Economics in Germany (1895-1961)

In Germany, women could attend universities as regular students only in the twentieth century. However, in the 1890s the female pioneers of economics and the social sciences attended seminars as guests. Their research was published in the journals of their supervisors. The changes in the (higher) education system and the discipline of economics are the background to the presentation of four generations of female economists in this paper. Selected biographies and the research of the respective economists are analyzed and the developments of the broader context reflected on this background. The selected works span the time period between 1895 and 1961. Starting with the historical-ethical school the analysis also sheds light on the evolution of the discipline of economics in Germany and the approach towards the Anglo-American mainstream beginning after World War I.

Gender Equality in Soil Science in Italy: Wishful Thinking or Reality?

Gender equality in Italian soil science is still far from being a reality although an in-depth investigation has never been carried out. In this work we analyse data on women soil scientists working in public research institutions and universities as well as on those affiliated with soil science societies, considering the changes in gender balance with time. We also recall three female pioneers in Italian soil science who played a key role in both research and scientific societies. An analysis of the impact of papers authored by Italian women is finally provided to gauge the contribution of Italian women to soil science in the last 20 years. The results show that the National Research Institutions reached a more equal balance between genders compared to universities. With regard to scientific societies, we observed a strong lack of female inclusion in the first years of the Italian Soil Science Society, founded in 1952, and the Italian Society of Pedology, even if it was founded much later in 1998. The Italian Society of Agricultural Chemistry was less discriminant, likely due to the presence of different sub-disciplines traditionally more open to women, although always far from real equality. With time, in all societies and research institutions we registered a positive trend with a better balance and a pro-active participation of women. However, we observed a persistent loss of highly qualified women resources from the training phase to the beginning of the career as well as under-representation of women in top roles and in the research centre leaderships. However, when we evaluated the scientific production, no statistical differences appear between women and men at all career levels, confirming the key contribution of women to soil science, despite facing major professional difficulties and disparities. These results show that, notwithstanding the marked progress in the number of women entering and working in Italian soil science, beyond the hard numbers, gender equality still remains a challenge and requires greater investments in resources and research toward structural and systemic interventions that may successfully lead to a more gender-balanced society.

From prima donna to teacher. Two female pioneers in singing education in the Nineteenth Century: Virginia Boccabadati and Matilde Esteban

During the 19th-century, the teaching of singing became a career opportunity for the women who had worked in the lyrical stage. The core objective of this article is to reclaim the role of women in music education by studying two prime donnewho, after building a career as successful professional singers, became singing teachers and were pioneers in publishing their methods for female voice education. This research is based on the review and analysis of documentation, mostly historical. By looking at the biographies of the Italian singer, Virginia Boccabadati (1830-1922) and the Spanish singer, Matilde Esteban (1841-1915), we can discover the context in which their treatises were published and the image they offer of woman as a singer and as a student. By choosing women who were each other's contemporary, but from different countries, helps us to observe the obvious points related to gender determinants that their treatises had in common.

Claiming the Call to Preach: Four Female Pioneers of Preaching in Nineteenth-Century America. By Donna Giver-Johnston. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. xv + 321 pp. $99.00 hardcover.

Claiming the Call to Preach: Four Female Pioneers of Preaching in Nineteenth-Century America. By Donna Giver-Johnston. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. xv + 321 pp. $99.00 hardcover. - Volume 91 Issue 1

Women in toxicology in the United States.

Since the toxicology field was established, women have played a critical role in it. This article is written to celebrate the 20-year anniversary of the Special Interest Group for Women in Toxicology, affiliated with the Society of Toxicology. Six female pioneers in modern Toxicology from different social classes and education backgrounds are featured. Despite these differences, they overcame similar obstacles in gender, politics, and scientific barriers to disseminate their research. This discussion will start with Ellen Swallow Richards, who, besides being the pioneer in sanitary engineering, founded the home economics movement that applied science to the home. The discussion will continue with Alice Hamilton, a contributor to occupational health, a pioneer in the field of industrial toxicology, and an example of generosity to social movements and those in need. Subsequently, the most famous woman we discuss in this paper is Rachel Carson, whose fundamental work in environmental Toxicology is evidenced in her important book Silent Spring. This article also features Elizabeth Miller, a biochemist known for her fundamental research in cancer carcinogenesis, followed by Mary Amdur. Nowadays much of what we know about air pollution comes due to Mary, who paid from her own pocket for her experimental animals to investigate Donora smog pollutants and their health damages. And last but not least Elizabeth Weisburger, a chemist who made significant contributions in carcinogenesis and chemotherapy drugs who worked for 40 years at the National Cancer Institute. Here, we discuss the aforementioned women's careers and personal struggles that transformed toxicology into the field we know now.

Kornelija Rakić: A Woman Doctor for Women and Children in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This short biography focuses on the life and medical activities of Kornelija Rakić (1879-1952), a Serbian female pioneer of medicine from the then Hungarian province of Vojvodina, who acquired an MD from the University of Budapest in 1905. Rakić came from a humble background, and a Vojvodina Serbian women's organization enabled her to become a physician and pursue her social medicine mission. After a futile attempt to open a private practice as a "woman doctor for women" in Novi Sad in 1906, she successfully applied to the Austro-Hungarian provincial government in Sarajevo for the position of an official female physician in occupied Bosnia. Rakić began her career as an Austro-Hungarian (AH) official female physician in Bihać (1908-1912) and was transferred to Banja Luka in 1912 and to Mostar in 1917=1918. Kornelija Rakić stayed in Mostar after the monarchy collapsed in 1918 and continued to work as a public health officer in the service of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, founded in 1918. Subsequently, she served as the head of the "dispensary for mothers and children" at the Public Health Centre in Mostar, founded in 1929, where she practiced until her retirement in 1949. After World War II, Rakić served as Vice President of the Red Cross Society in Mostar. She received numerous awards and medals from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. Kornelija Rakić died in Mostar in 1952 and was buried at the local Orthodox cemetery of Bjelušine. CONCLUSION: Kornelija Rakić (1879-1952) was the first Serbian female physician in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, and she was employed as an AH official female physician in Bihać (1908-1912), Banja Luka (1912-1917) and Mostar (1917-1918). After World War I, she participated in the establishment and expansion of public health institutions in Mostar and Herzegovina from 1918-1949 against the backdrop of the devastation of the two World Wars.

Rahel Hirsch (1870-1953): A Tribute For The 150th Birthday Of The First Female Professor Of Medicine In Germany

Rahel Hirsch, whose 150th birthday was celebrated on 15September 2020, is one of the female pioneers of medicine in Germany. Since it was not yet possible for women to study medicine in Germany at the end of the 19th century, she initially worked as a teacher. In 1898 she went to Switzerland to study medicine, graduating in Strasbourg in 1903. From 1903 to 1919 she worked in the 2nd Medical Clinic of the Berlin Charité hospital. Due to her scientific achievements, she was the first female medical doctor in Prussia to be awarded the title of professor in 1913. Her early investigations into the permeability of the intestinal mucosa for large corpuscular particles and their renal elimination were initially met with rejection and ignorance. It took more than half a century until the phenomena she discovered found their way into the specialist literature as the "Hirsch effect". After the First World War, Rahel Hirsch worked mainly in her own practice. As a Jew during the dictatorship of the National Socialists, she was marginalised and increasingly endangered, and emigrated to England in 1938. There she lived in modest circumstances and died in London in 1953. Rahel Hirsch, who asserted herself in a male-dominated environment both as a doctor and as a scientist, is a suitable role model for those who work for more gender equality in medicine and society today.

From critical manifesto to transformative genderplay: feminist Futurist and Dadaist strategies countering the misogyny within the historical avant-gardes

This article touches upon the problematic reception of the female pioneers of the historical avant-gardes - by contemporaries and art historians - more specifically within the movements of Futurism, Dadaism and Surrealism. What artistic strategies did avant-garde women apply to resist the omnipresent misogyny that was not only trivializing female creation but also sexualizing the female ‘other’? How is the gender binary embedded and challenged within their artistic practice? &amp;nbsp; This article observes firstly, how a critical engagement with the rather masculine format of the manifesto empowered women in dealing with the stereotypical imagery of womanhood at the time. Second, the application of so-called “inferior” media (embroidery, design, dance) and materials (textile, wood, the body) tackled the patriarchal classification of the arts and the subordinate role of women in it. Finally, the live performance of genderplay allowed female artists to articulate the bankruptcy of traditional gender conventions responsible for the problematic reception of many female artists through art history.