Female Persons Research Articles

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: characteristics of female patients and young adult patients based on a 12-year retrospective and prospective multicenter clinicoepidemiological cohort study in Japan

BackgroundAdenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEGJ) is most common in men and the elderly, but the disease is becoming more common in female and young adult persons. We have investigated the clinicoepidemiological characteristics of female and young adult patients with AEGJ and the 12-year trends in the Kurashiki area for young adult patients with AEGJ.MethodsPatients diagnosed with AEGJ in 12 hospitals between January 2008 and December 2019 were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups by age (young adult [≤50 years], middle-aged [51 to 70 years], and elderly [>70 years]). Factors associated with AEGJ such as obesity, smoking, hiatal hernia and male, which were reported in our previous study, were identified.ResultsOne hundred and eighty-eight AEGJ patients, including 36 females and 20 young adults, were characterized. There was no significant change in the annual incidence of AEGJ among female (p=0.078) and young adult patients (p=0.89). Female patients without any associated factors, accounting for 53% (19/36) of the female patients and young adult patients, had significantly more histologically undifferentiated cancers than patients with at least one associated factor (58% [11/19] vs. 30% [50/169], p=0.025) and middle-aged and elderly patients (60% [12/20] vs. 30% [25/83] vs. 28% [24/85], p =0.026). Smoking was significantly less common in women than in men (8% [3/36] vs. 57% [87/152], p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between ages in the proportions of these associated factors.ConclusionsHistologically undifferentiated AEGJ cancers were more frequent in female patients without any associated factors and in young adult patients. Factors associated with AEGJ may differ between women and men, but they are similar in young adults and older adults. No increase in young adult patients with AEGJ was observed in the 12-year study.

Proactive systematic hemophilia carrier screening: a step toward gender equity in hemophilia care

AbstractDespite numerous efforts to raise awareness, many hemophilia carriers and female persons with hemophilia (PWHs) remain undiagnosed. Between May 2021 and April 2023, we identified potential and obligate carriers of hemophilia A (HA) and hemophilia B (HB) by updating pedigrees of all PWHs followed at the Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels. Retrospective data on previously screened females were collected, including bleeding history, coagulation factor levels, and testing for the proband’s pathogenic variant. In addition, a proactive approach involved sending 125 invitation letters to unscreened or incompletely screened individuals, through related PWHs. In pedigrees of 287 male PWHs (226 HA and 61 HB) and 7 female index patients from 236 families (184 HA and 52 HB), a total of 900 female individuals were identified. Of those, 454 were obligate and/or genetically proven carriers, and 118 were noncarriers. Genetic testing was conducted in 133 obligate, 237 potential, and 4 sporadic carriers, with 190 obligate and 328 potential carriers remaining untested. Among carriers with known factor levels (261/454), 42 HA (23.0%) and 23 HB carriers (29.5%) had a factor level <40 IU/dL. Carriers with a factor deficiency were screened on average 6 years earlier than other females (P = .034). This study, to our knowledge, represents the first systematic effort to identify potential carriers among families of all PWHs within a single center, emphasizing the challenges in comprehensive screening for female individuals genetically linked to one or more PWHs. Such initiatives are vital for achieving equitable access to hemophilia care for all potentially affected individuals, irrespective of gender. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT05217992.

Tackling gender disparities in energy research: a diagnostic tool for equality in research centres

BackgroundIn a case study in Spain, the unequal proportion of men and women in a research organization in the energy sector is severe, and long-established dynamics that might determine differences in access to leadership positions and inequalities in research careers are evident. The gender gap in historically masculinized fields, such as energy engineering reflects more than simply the differences in male and female values and personalities. This study seeks to explore the gender gap in energy research centres and to identify barriers that potentially hinder the research careers of women. It proposes the development of a diagnostic tool, based upon indicators, to monitor and evaluate gender roles and inequalities in the management of research centres for identifying and addressing the dynamics and obstacles that hinder women's progress in the energy sector and their potential contribution to the field. This participatory multicriteria-based tool prioritizes the proposed indicators by their influence and importance in the context of energy research and applies it to the monitoring of a specific Spanish energy research centre.ResultsThe results are threefold: (i) the methodology is adaptable to different research centres; (ii) the analysis of indicators’ prioritization could lead to recommendations that should be addressed first; (iii) the diagnostic tool used in this in-depth case study of an energy research centre in Spain allowed results to be achieved in terms of gender dynamics. Two indicators stand out as the most relevant in our analysis: gender diversity in leadership positions and uncomplicated application of work–life balance measures. In this case study, the measurement of the first indicator has drawn unsatisfactory results, and the research of the latter is considered still insufficient. In conclusion, this difference becomes a vicious or negative circle for attracting and retaining more women to the research centre. Despite these results, no gender gap seems to be recognized and thus, no measures are being taken to improve the situation.ConclusionsComprehensive data and contextualized monitoring are necessary to effectively study and enhance the presence and participation of women in the energy science sector. This approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, is suitable for any research centre that would like to monitor its gender gap, identify potential sources of inequity and address them.

Mental health literacy of schizophrenia: a community sample representative

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the mental health literacy of schizophrenia in a South African community sample. This study is part of the growing interest in community mental health literacy.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 192 Black African participants from municipalities (Ditsobotla and Mahikeng) between 18 and 65 years participated in this study. Participants viewed fictional (male and female) sufferers of schizophrenia vignettes and responded to the same questions regarding each vignette. They completed a questionnaire examining the capacity to recognise schizophrenia as well as the capacity to source appropriate help.FindingsFor both vignettes, a substantial majority of participants indicated that older people believe that when a male is diagnosed with schizophrenia, the cause is traditional (spiritual). In contrast, more participants with lower education believed that medical reasons cause a female person’s diagnosis of schizophrenia.Research limitations/implicationsOverall, the study highlights the complexity of beliefs about the causes of schizophrenia. It underscores the importance of considering cultural and educational factors in mental health research, practice and policy development.Practical implicationsBy uncovering the differences in perceptions between older individuals and those with lower education levels, the study sheds light on previously unexplored aspects of mental health literacy and cultural understanding of schizophrenia.Social implicationsWhile previous research has examined cultural beliefs about mental illness, this study specifically focuses on how age and education intersect with these beliefs, particularly regarding gender differences in diagnosis.Originality/valueThis unique approach contributes to the broader literature on mental health disparities. It has implications for tailored interventions and public health strategies aimed at addressing stigma and improving mental health outcomes in diverse populations.

The problematic of feminist criticism: between the diversity of terms and the complexity of concepts

The term “feminist criticism” refers to an analytical approach that examines literary, artistic and cultural works from a gender studies perspective. Therefore, feminist criticism is linked to two fundamental axes. The first involves the study of the image of women in literature produced by men, while the second concerns the study of texts produced by creative women. Feminist criticism aims to re-establish women's value as full participants in all aspects of life, rejecting the appropriation of women and male domination. It addresses the representation of women as writers and subjects, focusing on the appropriation of female personalities within male creative frameworks and the liberation of women from male domination in feminist discourse. The present article attempts to explores the term "feminist criticism," its origins, initiators, fields, and main critics. It also addresses the diversity of terms used and the complexity of concepts associated with feminist criticism. It has been concluded that feminist criticism is primarily an ideological liberation movement rather than a purely aesthetic interrogation process. The term "feminist criticism" has sparked much debate in the literary criticism arena, between proponents and opponents. Moreover, this critical arena has witnessed terminological chaos in unifying the term and defining it precisely.

Programme science in action: lessons from an observational study of HIV prevention programming for key populations in Lusaka, Zambia.

Optimizing uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for individuals at risk of HIV acquisition has been challenging despite clear scientific evidence and normative guidelines, particularly for key populations (KPs) such as men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSWs), transgender (TG) people and persons who inject drugs (PWID). Applying an iterative Programme Science cycle, building on the effective programme coverage framework, we describe the approach used by the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ) to scale up PrEP delivery and address inequities in PrEP access for KP in Lusaka, Zambia. In 2019, CIDRZ partnered with 10 local KP civil society organizations (CSOs) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) to offer HIV services within KP-designated community safe spaces. KP CSO partners led KP mobilization, managed safe spaces and delivered peer support; MOH organized clinicians and clinical commodities; and CIDRZ provided technical oversight. In December 2021, we introduced a community-based intervention focused on PrEP delivery in venues where KP socialize. We collected routine programme data from September 2019 to June 2023 using programme-specific tools and the national electronic health record. We estimated the before-after effects of our intervention on PrEP uptake, continuation and equity for KP using descriptive statistics and interrupted time series regression, and used mixed-effects regression to estimate marginal probabilities of PrEP continuity. Most (25,658) of the 38,307 (67.0%) Key Population Investment Fund beneficiaries were reached with HIV prevention services at community-based venues. In total, 23,527 (61.4%) received HIV testing services, with 15,508 (65.9%) testing HIV negative and found PrEP eligible, and 15,241 (98.3%) initiating PrEP. Across all programme quarters and KP types, PrEP uptake was >90%. After introducing venue-based PrEP delivery, PrEP uptake (98.7% after vs. 96.5% before, p<0.001) and the number of initiations (p=0.014) increased significantly. The proportion of KP with ≥1 PrEP continuation visit within 6 months of initiation was unchanged post-intervention (46.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.7%, 47.6%) versus pre-intervention (47.2%, 95% CI: 45.4%, 49.1%). Applying Programme Science principles, we demonstrate how decentralizing HIV prevention services to KP venues and safe spaces in partnership with KP CSOs enabled successful community-based PrEP delivery beyond the reach of traditional facility-based services.

Female Individuality and Social Conventions of the Enlightenment in the Correspondence between Valentin Jamеrai-Duval and Anastasia Sokolova

This article examines the interpretation of the theme of the manifestation of female individuality in mid-eighteenth-century Russia on the basis of the correspondence (1762–1774) between Valentin Jamerai-Duval, a French philosopher and autodidact in the Austrian service, and Anastasia Sokolova, a lady-in-waiting to Empress Catherine II, married to De Ribas. At the beginning of the correspondence, Jamerai-Duval’s interest in Russia, like that of many Europeans, is based on inaccurate book sources and common stereotypes. Their conceptual motifs are “barbarism”, ignorance and violence, both in the family and in society. The dialogue between the two correspondents gradually overcomes these stereotypes. They discuss a wide range of issues related to the expression of the female personality: choice of spouse and celibacy, love and sensual pleasure in marriage; criteria of attractiveness (physical and mental beauty), following fashion and individual style, etc. Special attention is paid in the correspondence to the questions of women’s education and intellectual development, in which reading plays an important role. The Russian-Turkish war of 1768–1774 reactivated the issue of violence against women, this time as a need to protect them from the despotism of the infidels in the Ottoman Empire. Ignorance and religious prejudice in the environment of the Old Believers are also seen by the correspondents as a manifestation of tyranny over women’s personality.

Unprotected Risky Sex Among Men with Opioid Dependence: Is More Needed to Be Done?

Background and Objectives: Risky behaviors are common among patients with substance use disorders. Knowing the determinants of risky sexual behaviors can identify individuals who may benefit from targeted interventions. The primary aim of the study was to assess unprotected risky sexual behavior and its sociodemographic and clinical correlates in treatment-seeking opioid-dependent patients. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory study was done on 112 married treatment-seeking opioid-dependent male patients. A semi-structured proforma consisting of sociodemographic and clinical details was used to assess sexual behavior, other risky behaviors like injecting drug use (IDU), and knowledge of and attitude toward risky sexual behavior. Results: The mean age of the sample was 34.1 years, and that at first sexual intercourse was 18.6 years. History of unprotected risky sex (unprotected sex with a casual partner or female sex worker or person having a sexually transmitted disease or with males or having sex for rewards) was present in 30 patients (26.8% of the sample). Unprotected risky sex was found to be significantly associated with younger age at first sexual encounter ( p = .010), more sexual partners ( p &lt; .001), greater frequency of masturbation ( p = .031), and watching pornography ( p = .028). However, it was not found to be related to other risky behaviors such as IDU ( p = .210) and sex under intoxication ( p = .149) and also did not vary between treatment-naïve and under-treatment populations ( p = .434). No significant relationship was found between knowledge and attitude about risky sexual behavior and unprotected risky sex in the present sample. Conclusion: Risky sexual behavior in opioid-dependent patients is a concern, as this may be an additional mode of transmission of blood-borne viruses apart from IDU. Safe sex practices need to be emphasized in this population, and efforts at behavioral changes are desirable.

Two Sides of the Same Coin in Female Borderline Personality Disorder: Self-Reported Guilt and Shame and Their Neurofunctional Correlates.

Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) report to be especially prone to social emotions like shame and guilt. At the same time, these emotions seem to play an important role in BPD pathology. The present study aimed to deepen the knowledge about the processes behind shame and guilt in patients with BPD. Twenty patients with BPD and twenty healthy controls (HCs) took part in an experiment that induced shame and guilt by imagining scenarios during scanning using functional brain imaging. Participants also filled out self-report questionnaires and took part in diagnostic interviews. BPD patients reported more proneness to guilt but not to shame than the HCs. There was no difference in the self-reported intensity rating of experimentally induced emotions between the groups. Between-group contrast of neural signals in the shame condition revealed a stronger activation of cingulate and fusiform gyrus for the BPD patients compared to the controls, and a more pronounced activation in the lingual gyrus and cuneus for the HCs. In the guilt condition, activation in the caudate nucleus, the fusiform gyrus, and the posterior cingulate cortex was stronger in BPD patients, while HC showed stronger activations in cuneus, lingual gyrus, and fronto-temporal regions. Differences in the neuro-functional processes between BPD patients and HC were found, even though the two groups did not differ in their self-report of subjective proneness to guilt and emotional intensity of shame and guilt during the experiment. While the HCs may be engaged more by the emotional scenarios themselves, the BPD patients may be more occupied with cognitive regulatory and self-referential processing.

Eksplorasi Nilai-Nilai Edukasi Konservasi Mata Air pada Tradisi Ngalun Aik di Lombok Timur

The Ngalun Aik tradition has strong roots and has become an identity in the life of the people of Aik Dewa Village. On the other hand, the spring in Aik Dewa Village not only acts as a source of clean water for daily needs but also plays an important role in local rituals and beliefs related to survival. Therefore, the role of local traditions such as Ngalun Aik is becoming increasingly important to explore and understand in spring conservation efforts. This research uses a qualitative approach to gain an understanding of the educational value of spring conservation in the Ngalun Aik tradition. The respondents in this research involved six male and four female key persons, representing religious leaders, traditional leaders, community leaders, and groups of young men and women. Based on documentation, observation, and interview findings, it can be concluded that the Ngalun Aik tradition in Aik Dewa Village is not only a cultural ritual but also a strong educational platform about the importance of environmental conservation and natural resource management. Through ritual processions, people express their appreciation for water sources as sacred gifts of nature. This tradition teaches the educational values of maintaining water quality, sustainable water management, and environmental awareness to the younger generation. Ngalun Aik also strengthens cultural ties, spirituality, and ecological awareness in the community.

WOMEN AND THEIR ROLE IN HISTORY – The impact of women in the progress of society

The past eras of history were not, most of the times, permissive with the activity and manifestation of women within the society. For various reasons, women were neither helped nor encouraged to participate in large-scale social actions, they did not have access to ancient sports competitions, they were denied education to become painters, writers, philosophers or leaders. Despite all these impediments that intervened in history, women manifested themselves in society with a lot of power, either in literature (Sapho), philosophy (Hypathia) but also in state leadership (as pharaohs, in ancient Egypt). The present work brings to attention the names of great female personalities from ancient but also from recent history, women endowed with exceptional intelligence and character, who contributed to social progress and, above all, demonstrated that women can play an important role, which cannot be ignored in the history of humanity.

Naming of a female person in the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language edited by D. N. Ushakov (1935-1940)

The object of the study was the lexical material of the first volume of the «Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language» edited by D. N. Ushakov. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of nouns naming a female person. The results of the study will allow in the future to identify the features and trends in the ways of naming female persons, the statics and dynamics of their use in speech from the point of view of stylistic norms, as well as to determine their status in the Russian literary language. As a result of the semantic, stylistic, etymological, comparative lexical analysis of nouns naming a female person conclusions were drawn: there are 15 lexical and semantic groups of nouns naming a female person by profession, nationality /nationality, place of residence, religious beliefs, title etc. were identified. It was found that a large number of obsolete words were included in the dictionary. A special place is occupied by dialectal and colloquial names of women. Etymological analysis showed that most of the names of female persons are of native Russian origin, formed in a word-formation way using suffixes, partly in a metaphorical way. Some of the words are borrowed entirely from French, Latin, etc. Russian languages, the other part has a borrowed root, but the word itself is formed in the Russian language with the help of Russian suffixes. It is argued that some of the nouns naming a female person by profession, position, occupation are not recorded in modern explanatory dictionaries because of their status in the SRL - «outdated» or they are abnormal (dialectal, colloquial).

The Significance of Chronic Fatigue in the Post-Covid Consultation and its Consequences for Outpatient Rehabilitation in the Context of Statutory Accident Insurance

The post-COVID consultation (PCC) is offered as part of a comprehensive range of treatment services provided by the statutory accident insurance for post-COVID patients to determine individual recommendations for further care. The aim of the study was to record the main symptoms and the associated restrictions on social and occupational participation in order to derive consequences for outpatient rehabilitation. In addition to a medical examination and a psychological consil, numerous assessments were carried out to evaluate the biopsychosocial state of health. 373 female (82.2%) and 81 male patients aged between 40 and 60 years from the professions of health and care services, education and pedagogy participated in the PCC since April 2021. Nearly all patients (98.2%) reported fatigue as a cardinal symptom of their post-COVID complaints, in combination with subjectively experienced limitations in brain functioning in over 73% of cases. The duration of the symptomatology persisted for an average of 14-15 months in both female and male insured persons. Thus, over 85% of the total sample can be classified as cases of chronic fatigue (Fatigue Scale). The severity of fatigue also proportionally affects quality of life (SF-36), feelings of anxiety and depression (HADS), psychological resilience (RS-13), and motor parameters such as maximum grip strength and endurance capacity. 54.3% of the patients also received a suspected mental diagnosis and 38.1% a recommendation for further neuropsychological diagnostics. For further treatment of the leading symptom of chronic fatigue, a multimodal and interdisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation is recommended, which should be oriented towards the treatment of the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and thus in particular towards a psychoeducational and rather than a curative therapeutic approach, and should consider aftercare strategies. Confirmed mental disorders and neuropsychological deficits are to be treated in addition.

The female nomination on the basis of marital status in Russian Internet texts: functional and linguo-ecological aspects

The article is devoted to the gendered lexical unit which constitutes initial abbreviation derived from the idiom «razvedenka s pricepom» (divorsed woman with a child) and is actively used by Russian speaking Internet users to denote a female person on the basis of her marital status. The article describes the history of the appearance of the unit, its derivational and semantical characteristics, semantic and contextual connections and its functioning specifics in the Internet texts. The research is conducted on the material of the author's corpus of the contexts of use including 1 255 speech products published in between 2014 and 2023 in the communicative space of such social platforms as (425 units), vk.com (336 units), YouTube (190 units), Yandex.Dzen (173 units). The author applies the methods of quantative, semantic, conceptual, derivational, contextual and discursive analyses. The article specifies that the gendered abbreviation is derived from the linguocynical idiom, having been used in the male speech long before the spread of the Internet. The research reveals that the abbreviation use underlines the artifact conceptual metaphor generated by the initial phraseological combination. The divorced mother deanimization is regularly strengthened by the abrriviation's contextual environment. It reveals that 1 175 contexts (93,62 %) contain verbalized speaker's conception of financial aspect in sexual, romantic or family relationship caused by the actualization of consumer strategy in interpersonal ineteraction and by the ubiquitous consumeristic philosophy. It proves that the use of the innovation RSP is a feature of male Internet users' speech (982 contexts; 78,24 %) and is not typical for female speech (270 contexts; 21,51 %). In female speech the abbreviation carries out primarily the metalinguistic function and much less frequently nominative and evaluative functions. In the Internet texts produced by male persons the nomination not only promotes expressing the divorced mother with a child negative evaluation but also facilitates deconstruction, deaxiologization and desacralization of the concept «Mother». This allows us to qualify the abbreviation as a linguo-perversion which is a special kind of language trauma which represents a speech phenomenon generating the traditional symbol ambivalence and leading towards worldview destruction.

WOMEN OF MEDIEVAL AND MODERN ROMANIA AND THE ART OF WRITING AND TRANSLATION

Romanian history, from ancient times until today contains numerous events, facts, events that can be analyzed from a complex perspective. However male and female personalities bear the imprint that was involved throughout the passage of time. The article intends to follow, chronologically, biographies of the firrst women writer-translator or journalist in Romania's history.

Microbial Communities and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Aerobic Bacteria Associated with the Vaginal Microbiota: A Retrospective Study in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

The vaginal microbiota, unlike some other sites such as the intestinal microbiota is a less diversified micro-ecosystem; dominated normally by Lactobacilli which play specific important roles in the wellbeing of the vagina and the female person. Dysbiosis or the loss of Lactobacilli dominance results in ecological shift that leads to a number of conditions such as proliferation of intestinal aerobic bacteria leading to aerobic vaginitis and such other disease conditions. In this retrospective cross sectional descriptive study, laboratory records of microscopy, culture and susceptibility analysis of high vaginal swabs (HVS) and other relevant data were reviewed to synthesize information relating to the microbial community and antimicrobial resistance among aerobic bacteria. Out of 790 specimens examined, microbial growths were observed in 596 (75.4%); dominated by fungi (Candida spp), 485 (68.3%), followed by aerobic bacteria, 223(31.4%) and protozoa (Trichomonas), 2 (0.3%). The bacterial population was dominated by Escherichia coli 98 (44.0%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis 55 (24.7%), Staphylococcus aureus 41 (18.4%), Proteus mirabilis 10(4.5%), Streptococcus agalactiae 9 (4.0%), Klebsiella pnumoniae 5 (2.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 (4.5%). Gram negative bacteria constitutes 118 (52.9%), while gram positive are 105 (47.1%) The cumulative antimicrobial resistance profile of the 223 bacterial strains tested against 10 antimicrobial agents was 55.5%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria by showing resistance against 62% of the test antimicrobial agents, followed by Klebsiella pnumoniae, 58%, Escherichia coli, 54.1%, Staphylocuccus aureus, 51.0%, Proteus mirabilis, 51.0%. Enterocuccus faecalis, 48.4% and Streptococcus agalactiae 38.9%. This study has contributed in ascertaining the prevalence of bacterial and other associated organisms of the vaginal microbiota, and also unraveled the different aerobic bacterial species together with their antimicrobial resistance patterns; which will be found valuable in treatment of associated infections.

Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in myocardial infarction.

The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with myocardial infarction. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with myocardial infarction were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and Technology Journal database. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to score the quality of the included literature in the cohort and case-control studies, and the cross-sectional studies were scored using the American Agency for Health Care Quality and Research cross-sectional study quality evaluation criteria. The literature was screened independently by 2 researchers, and if there was no consensus, the inclusion was decided by a third party. The extraction content included first author, publication year, sample size, PTSD assessment tool, PTSD assessment time, PTSD incidence, influencing factors, and study type. Meta-analysis of data was performed using Stata17.0 software. Ten studies were included, including 2 cohort studies, 7 cross-sectional studies, and 1 case-control study, with a total sample size of 2371 patients, including 26 influencing factors. The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of PTSD in patients with myocardial infarction was 21.2%. Statistically significant influencing factors were gender (odd ratio [OR] = 3.124), neuroticism score (OR = 2.069), and age (OR = 0.913). The prevalence of PTSD in patients with myocardial infarction in China is higher than that in other countries. Female and neurotic personality are risk factors for developing PTSD in patients with myocardial infarction, and old age is protective factor for developing PTSD in patients with myocardial infarction. Targeted measures should be taken to prevent and reduce the occurrence and development of PTSD in patients with myocardial infarction in the future.

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of tuberculosis in women in military service

The aim of the research is comparative analysis of epidemiological characteristics and risk factors in the female service persons and their family members. Materials and methods. Monitoring data of tuberculosis among the service persons of the RF Armed Forces during the last 20 years and 100 medical histories of female patients, who received treatment in specialized military medical organizations in the period of 2012–2020 years have been analyzed. The patients were divided in two groups: the first group — 62 service women; the second group — 38 female family members of the service persons. The following aspects have been estimated: epidemiological and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis, the period of detection of the disease from the beginning of the military service, ways of the disease detection, the presence of risk factors, clinical manifestations and defects in the organization of anti-tuberculosis measures. Results. The incidence of tuberculosis in servicewomen was declining (as well as in the whole country) and amounted to 0.17 ‰ in 2020 year. The reduction of morbidity rate amounted to 60% in the period of 2012–2020. The planned fluorography has revealed 32.3% of infected patients in the first group and 36.8% — in the second group. Examination of patients with the symptoms suspicious of TB who sought medical care has revealed 54.8% of infected patients in the first group and 57.9% — in the second group. The risk factors of the TB incidence amounted to 27.4% in the first group and 23.7% — in the second group. Diagnostic defects occurred in 27.4% cases in group 1 and 34.2% in group 2. The violation of fluorography timing happened rather often. Conclusion. The rate of TB morbidity in female service persons has considerably decreased in the last 15 years. TB is mainly detected in servicewomen when the seek medical care due to symptoms similar to TB. Nearly the third part of TB infected servicewomen had risk factors. Diagnostic defects and dynamic monitoring defects occur with the same frequency among this population.

Brain injury following child maltreatment syndrome in newborns and young children. Shaken baby syndrome

Shaken baby syndrome is widely discussed in the literature. This syndrome is considered as a variant of child maltreatment syndrome. In the English-language literature, there are data on high incidence of this syndrome and difficult diagnosis. There are no such diagnosis in the Russian and reports devoted to this issue. To assess the incidence and nature of injuries following child maltreatment/shaken baby syndrome in infants and young children. We analyzed case records of 3668 patients aged 1-36 month between 2017 and 2021 with injury/suspected traumatic brain injury (TBI). Mild TBI was in 47.2% of patients, moderate and severe - in 56.8% of patients. Twenty-eight children admitted with GCS score 3-8. CT was performed in case of risk factors for intracranial injuries (1703 patients). Abnormalities were found in 71.6% of cases. Sixty-four children required surgical treatment. Overall mortality rate was 0.7%. Accidental trauma was found in 3664 cases. We verified child maltreatment/shaken baby syndrome in only 4 (0.1%) cases. At the alleged moment of injury, there were male persons (cohabitant or guardian) with the child that is consistent with literature data. In all 4 cases, we observed severe combined TBI. In one case, brain damage was regarded as a result of chronic trauma. Indeed, MRI diagnosed thrombosis of bridging veins along convexital parts of the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes. There were GOS grade I in 2 patients (death), grade III in 1 patient (severe disability) and grade IV in 1 patient (recovery). Child maltreatment/shaken baby syndrome is less common among infants and young children in the Russian Federation. This may be due to national, cultural and religious traditions. Indeed, infants and children under 3 years of age are cared for by female persons. The mechanism of injury (shaking) leads to typical multiple injuries involving various organs and systems. These damages require multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. MRI-confirmed thrombosis of bridging veins may be an additional diagnostic sign indicating the mechanism of injury.

Psychological and educational aspects of students’ adaptation in the context of digitalization

This article aims to identify the factors that influence the academic performance of undergraduate students, focusing on digital literacy, digital knowledge and skills, as well as personal characteristics in the digital economy. To identify these relationships, surveys were conducted among students using appropriate online questionnaires, and the Big Five Personality Traits (BFPT) testing methodology was chosen to assess the personal qualities of undergraduate students. The findings of the study are consistent with the research in the field indicating a correlation between digital skills and student academic success and simultaneously the inverse impact of social media on academic performance. In addition, the study showed that there is also a positive relationship between some personal traits as conscientiousness, agreeableness and academic performance outcomes. Research illustrates the significant role of gender in academic achievement, explaining how differences in male and female personality traits can influence academic performance and adaptability. The results confirm that academic success and, thus, the ability to adapt to the changing conditions can be explained by personal traits and digital technologies used while the other possible factors can include gender, professional and cultural background.