Female Ones Research Articles

Factors affecting online self-learning acceptance among older adults after the pandemic: living arrangements and gender as mediators

ABSTRACT Research on acceptance of online self-learning is regularly based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), but less has been discussed on older adults. This article expands TAM by taking living arrangements and gender as moderators after the pandemic. Utilizing a structural equation model based on the partial least squares technique to examine how living arrangements and gender differences influence the acceptance of online self-learning among older adults above 55 in China. Findings show that male older adults favor status and value orientations, so their self-learning intention was significantly affected by perceived usefulness and social influence. Female ones prefer social and utilitarian orientations; therefore and their online self-learning behavior was affected by perceived usefulness, perceived ease to use, social influence, trust, and perceive financial cost. Types of living arrangements moderated TAM significantly among older adults. This article deepens the theoretical discussion and cognition of the TAM model in the online self-learning of older adults.

Woman in a turban: Domenichino’s Sibyl, Staël’s Corinne, and the image of female genius

The heroine of Germaine de Staël’s Corinne, or Italy (1807) makes her first appearance in the novel ‘dressed like Domenichino’s Sibyl’, wearing an Indian shawl wound into a turban. The aim of this essay is to highlight the contribution that the tradition of Sibylline iconography made to the characterization of the heroine of Corinne by locating Staël in a long line of artists, writers, and patrons, particularly female ones, who adapted and appropriated this iconography for their own purposes over the previous two centuries. A crucial breakthrough was made in the early seventeenth century by Domenichino, who provided the prototype for later generations of artists by painting a freestanding picture of a generic (not, as often said, the Cumaean) Sibyl wearing a turban. Domenichino’s composition nevertheless remained exceptional in its insistence on the primacy of Sibylline inspiration, which helps to account for its role in Corinne as well as for its appeal to other early nineteenth-century writers. Staël’s direct predecessors included the artists Angelica Kauffman and Élisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun, both of whom portrayed female sitters in more or less Sibylline guise, but the most important was Emma Hamilton, from whose famous Attitudes Staël almost certainly derived the motif of the turban fashioned out of an Indian shawl. Staël herself adopted the turban as her characteristic headdress, as did other literary and artistic women after her; its great advantage lay in the way it enabled them to lay claim to Sibylline authority whilst also disavowing any such intent.

A Keichousaurus-bearing regurgitalite from the Middle Triassic Xingyi Fauna, Dingxiao of Xingyi City, Guizhou, South China

Bromalites (coprolites, regurgitalites and consumulites) are trace fossils that preserve valuable information on their producers’ diet and feeding behaviors. Here, we report a compact skeletal mass from the Middle Triassic Xingyi Fauna of Dingxiao, Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, South China through multiple analytical methods. Using micro-CT scans, we provide 3D reconstruction of two vertebral arches, four coracoids, three ribs of three kinds, four humeri including one male and three female ones, five scapulae including two right one and three left ones of different sizes, which are inferred to be from at least three individuals of Keichousaurus hui. Bone aggregates of multiple individuals, associated with less gastric etching on bone surfaces and the absence of a phosphatic and organic matrix surrounding the bones as revealed by microstructural and chemical analysis respectively, suggest that this bone mass is a regurgitalite rather than a coprolite. The vertebrate fossils reported from the regurgitalite-bearing strata suggest that the best candidate for the potential producer of the regurgitalite are the near-shore sauropterygians Nothosaurus or Lariosaurus. The discovery of a Keichousaurus-bearing regurgitalite shed new insights on the feeding behaviors of Middle Triassic marine reptiles and the paleoecology of the Xingyi Fauna.

Brenda Elsey and Joshua Nadel. Futbolera: A History of Women and Sports in Latin America.

The 2022 victory of the US women’s national soccer (also known as football or association football) team players to achieve equal pay as male players is the culmination of many years of organizing to construct a thriving women’s soccer culture. Similar achievements have not been replicated in Latin America. In Futbolera: A History of Women and Sports in Latin America, Brenda Elsey and Joshua Nadel explain why Latin American women have not enjoyed the success of their North American counterparts in consolidating national soccer cultures despite several attempts to do so. Futbolera fills a major gap in the historiography of Latin American sport by focusing on the trials and tribulations of women’s soccer in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Mexico from the late nineteenth century to the present day. This process is no easy task, as historians of sport often rely on periodicals, which tend to celebrate the achievements of male athletes much more than female ones. Despite this challenge, Elsey and Nadel thoroughly document Latin American women’s soccer’s many starts, which often then dissipate from the public record. When the flame rekindles, there are often expressions of shock and amazement at this new phenomenon, despite evidence to the contrary. Aside from soccer, the authors also analyze discourses and developments in women’s physical education, which played a key role in steering women away from playing rough sports like soccer and boxing in favor of sports like volleyball and basketball. Elsey and Nadel argue that a variety of actors, such as government bureaucrats, feminists, and entrepreneurs, have promoted and in some cases hindered the development of women’s soccer in the region. This uneven support continues in the present day.

Oxytocin has sex-specific effects on trust and underlying neurophysiological processes

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) regulates mammalian social approach behavior across sexes. Yet most OT studies in humans exclusively investigated men. Here, we studied sex differences in OT’s effects on human trust behavior in 144 heterosexual participants (73 women, 71 men). Participants received 24 international units of intranasal OT or placebo treatment and played a trust game in the role of the investor while undergoing electroencephalography. Trustees were represented by photos of the other sex gradually varying in their pre-rated intensities of facial features signaling attractiveness and threat. On a behavioral level, we observed that OT increased trust in men and reduced it in women when trustees showed weak signals of attractiveness and threat. Correspondingly, on the neurophysiological level, we noted that OT intensified the P100 in male participants, but dampened it in female ones. Our findings demonstrate OT’s sex- and context-specific effects on social approach behavior and an underlying early visual attention-related brain process. This evidence demonstrates the need to consider psychobiological mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in human OT research.

The influence of students’ problem-solving understanding and results of students’ mathematics learning

Problem-solving is the ability to understand issues and steps that will affect students’ mathematics learning results. The research goals are: describing students’ problem-solving understanding and mathematics learning results; testing the influence of gender and grade level on students’ problem-solving understanding and mathematics learning results; and testing the influence of students’ problem-solving understanding on mathematics learning results. The population is all students in the fourth through sixth grades at two primary schools (263 respondents). The sample consists of 244 respondents, with female and male respondents of 123 and 121, and low- and high-grade students of 74 and 170, respectively. The researchers calculated and converted scores into values. Statistical tests were carried out by means of analysis of linear regression and the t-test. The Me of students’ mathematics learning results and problem-solving understanding are 69.679 and 66.889. The female students’ problem-solving understanding Me is greater than male ones’, but male students’ mathematics learning results Me is greater than female ones. The low-grade students’ problem-solving understanding Me is greater than high-grade students, but high-grade students’ mathematics learning results Me is greater than low-grade students. Gender has no influence on students’ mathematics problem-solving understanding or learning results. The grade level has a significant influence on students’ problem-solving understanding but no significant influence on mathematics learning results. The students’ problem-solving understanding has a significant influence on mathematics learning results, with a p value of 0.000. The research findings and results have implications for and contribute to assisting students in processing information and building mathematical knowledge.

Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin quotient and phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a retrospective study on 328 patients.

We analysed the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum albumin quotient (Q-Alb) and phenotype in a large cohort of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Three hundred twenty-eight single-centre consecutive patients with ALS were evaluated for Q-Alb, basic epidemiological and clinical data, motor phenotype, cognitive/behavioural impairment, clinical staging, clinical and neurophysiological indexes of upper (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) dysfunction, and presence of ALS gene mutations. Q-Alb did not correlate with age but was independently associated with sex, with male patients having higher levels than female ones; the site of onset was not independently associated with Q-Alb. Q-Alb was not associated with motor phenotype, cognitive/behavioural impairment, disease stage, progression rate, survival, or genetic mutations. Among measures of UMN and LMN dysfunction, Q-Alb only had a weak positive correlation with an electromyography-based index of active limb denervation. Previous work has documented increased Q-Alb in ALS compared to unaffected individuals. This, together with the absence of associations with nearly all ALS phenotypic features in our cohort, suggests dysfunction of the blood-CSF barrier as a shared, phenotype-independent element in ALS pathophysiology. However, correlation with the active denervation index could point to barrier dysfunction as a local driver of LMN degeneration.

Poor Quality of Sleep is Associated with Lower Academic Performance in Undergraduate Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to assess the quality of sleep and associated factors among dental students. All dental students regularly enrolled at the Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, were invited to participate. A structured online questionnaire was applied to collect the independent variables, including academic performance. Quality of sleep was assessed by the validated version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sample was dichotomized as good sleep quality (total score: ≤ 4) and at least poor quality (total score: ≥ 5). Adjusted analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance to detect the association between sleep quality and independent variables. Independent adjusted models were performed to the whole-sample, only undergraduate and only graduate dental students. Poor quality of sleep was detected in 266 (65.2%) dental students, of which 228 (68.9%) and 38 (49.4%) were undergraduate and graduate dental students, respectively. Female students presented a prevalence ratio (PR) 19% higher compared to males (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.41). When only graduate students were considering, those that reported not being the head of the family presented a PR 4.39 higher for poor quality of sleep (95% CI 1.91-10.09). Poor quality of sleep was associated with lower academic performance among undergraduate students (PR: 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99), but not significantly associated when graduate students are considered (PR: 0.99; 95% CI 0.96-1.03). It was concluded that dental students, mainly female ones, have high prevalence of poor quality of sleep, which is associated with undergraduate student's worst academic performance. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41782-022-00223-2.

Teachers’ Perceptions Regarding School Parents’ Online Groups

The present study investigates Greek teachers’ perceptions regarding primary school and kindergarten parents’ online groups. More specifically, we aimed to obtain teachers’ perceptions regarding the online self-organization of students’ parents and the impact of online parental communication and information exchange to their teaching and school relationships. A quantitative study was conducted, using online questionnaires, with the participation of 246 primary school and kindergarten teachers in public and private sector. Our results indicate that teachers are skeptical and suspicious about parental online groups’ function. They believe that information circulated among parents is, most of the times, either fake or distorted and they do not hesitate to state that it helps nobody. Male teachers are better informed than female ones about the content of parental discussions and declare that they have been more often preoccupied with dealing with tensions occurring in online parental groups. Furthermore, private school teachers declare that parents frequently exchange information and gossip concerning teachers’ behavior and teaching, while public school teachers argue that sharing of this kind of information is rare within online parental groups. Moreover, teachers affirm that parental discussions in online groups over-expose school life, reinforce parents’ interventionism and contribute to parents’ hyper-information concerning school matters.

GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS AND ISCHEMIC STROKE SUBTYPE IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED PATIENTS – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Background: Male and female patients differ in their risk factors (RFs) and ischemic stroke (IS) subtype. A better understanding of the gender–related differences an important approach to successful prevention strategies for reducing the impact and burden of IS in young adults. Objective: To compare the gender–related differences in the prevalence of modifiable RFs and IS subtypes in young and middle-aged patients. Material and Methods: In the study were included 80 patients with acute IS, aged 18 – 59 years, admitted to the Neurology Clinic of UMHAT "Dr Georgi Stranski" Pleven. The following RFs were analyzed: arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation (AF), current smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, alcohol abuse, low physical activity, body overweight and chronic psychosocial stress. IS subtype was identified according to the Org 10172 Trial of Acute Stroke (TOAST). The statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 26.0 (SPSS). Results: Of all the 80 patients, 46 (57,5%) were males with a mean age 48,15±7,42 years, and 34 (42,5%) were females with a mean age 47,38±8,56. Male patients had higher rates of AH (80,4%), DM (47.8%), AF (4,3%), current smoking (73,9%), number of cigarettes smoked per day (60,9%), alcohol abuse (41,3%) and chronic psychosocial stress (52,2%), while the female ones showed higher rates of low physical activity (61,8%) and body overweight (38,2%). A statistical significance was found only for AH (p=0,004), DM (p=0,026), current smoking (p=0,007), number of cigarettes smoked per day (p=0,025) and alcohol abuse (p=0,031). The most common subtype of IS in males was large artery atherosclerosis (47,8%) and small vessel occlusion (28,3%). The female patients demonstrated a higher frequency of IS with other determined etiology (38,2%) and undetermined etiology (26,5%). Conclusion: Our data contribute to a better understanding of the gender–related differences of modifiable RFs and IS subtype in young and middle-aged patients with acute IS. The above findings definitely imply the necessity of developing additional specific therapeutic strategies for the effective control of modifiable RFs and lifestyle improvement in order to reduce the incidence of the most common subtypes of IS.

A Psychoanalytic-Feminist Study of Gender Bias in Indian Cinema

Psychoanalytic feminism is a theory of oppression which asserts that men have an inherent psychological need to subjugate women. The root of men’s compulsion to dominate women and women’s minimal resistance to subjugation lies deep within the human psyche. Indian film industry has been phallocentric depicting mainly male dominated narrative structure whereas women are reduced to marginalized roles only to glamorize the hero-centric set up. These films rarely portray women and their isolated worlds because this subject would be a commercial set back preventing audiences from hitting the theatres. This stereotyped representation of women has been always criticized by feminist film critics. Laura Mulvey, one of the most influential feminist film critic in her 1975 seminal essay “Visual Pleasure And Narrative Cinema” criticizes this patriarchal control and for-profit nature of cinema using psychoanalytic theory. Considering Mulvey’s psychoanalytic theory, this research paper attempts to explore that how social construction of patriarchy determines gender stereotyping & phallocentrism in Indian film industry and seeks to examine the various factors behind the misrepresentation of women in Indian cinema. The paper further intends to take into account why male centric films receive huge commercial success as compared to female ones.

Феминизм «слабого мужчины»: феминистский дискурс в романе Т. И. Кинси «Леди на сельской ярмарке»

When studying a complex phenomenon such as national identity, it seems important to consider with special care those aspects that have a tendency to change over time. An important aspect of British national identity is the British vision of the concepts of masculinity and femininity. One of the sources reflecting the way the British presently perceive the mentioned concepts is modern British literature. Remarkably, yet not unpredictably, a targeted study of works written by British authors reveals that feminist discourse plays the primary role where authors express their attitude to masculinity and femininity. In the paper, this phenomenon is demonstrated based on the analysis of the novel In the Market for Murder by T.E.Kinsey.We have identified and analyzed a number of feminist discourse elements in the text of this literary work. First, Kinsey introduced in his novel an antinomy of a ‘weak man’ and a ‘strong woman’, which is a fairly typical manifestation of feminist discourse. This contrast is expressed through the represen-tation of male characters as defective and weak, and female ones, accordingly, as self-sufficient and strong. The latter ones are perceived to be even stronger, having weak males at the background. Likewise, the femi-nist image of the‘new woman’, namely a progressive post-Victorian woman, is clearly expressed through the image of the main character of the novel. In addition, far from being unbiased in favor of feminism is the system of literary images in the novel. Taking into accountall the aforementioned, and considering the fact of the author being a male, it proves possible to allege that the studied novel to some extent reflects the reality where the feminist paradigm occupies a dominating position in British culture and is accepted thereby as given.

Man and His Name in Oikonymy and Microtoponymy of South Karelia

The paper deals with the personal names attested as parts of oikonyms (settlement names) and microtoponyms of South (Olonets) Karelia where most of the population in the last few centuries speaks the Livvik dialect of the Karelian language. According to the author’s statistics, more than 60% of the settlement names in the Livvik area are of anthroponymic origin, which explains the focus of research. Based on the studied oikonyms and microtoponyms, the author identifies three main groups of human naming: anthroponyms of Balto-Fennic origin, non-Christian names of Russian origin, Christian names and their forms. Within the first group, particular mention is made of the names that relate to the ancient Balto-Fennic “faunistic” tradition (village Hukkal < Hukka ‘Wolf’, village Kurrenselgy < Kurgi ‘Crane’, etc.); the names that characterize a person in terms of physical condition, behavior, social status (v. Keikkul < Keikku ‘Lame’, v. Hörpäl < Hörppö ‘Chatterbox’, v. Herranselgy < Herra ‘Rich Man’, etc.); personal names with negative semantics (v. Kel’l’ul < Kel’l’u ‘Scoundrel’, v. Tahtahal < Tahtas ‘Fool’, etc.). The second group includes a number of non-Christian names of Russian origin that once existed in South Karelia, reconstructed based on the toponymic material (*Gorb < v. Gorbal, *Zhdan < v. Ždianu, *Rubets < v. Rubčoilu, etc.). In some cases, Karelian Livviks could have two “Russian” names, from which the author carefully assumes that at least in the 16th–17th centuries, there was a tradition to give the child a double name: a Christian calendar name and an everyday non-Christian Russian name. The third largest group includes rare Karelian forms of Christian names, including female ones, reflected in the toponymy of the region. The appendix lists all forms of Christian names reconstructed by the author based on oikonymy and microtoponymy of Olonets Karelia.

DYNAMICS OF TOBACCO SMOKING PREVALENCE AMONG STUDENTS AND DIRECTIONS OF ITS PREVENTION.

The aim: To study the dynamics of tobacco smoking prevalence among students and to find out the main directions of its prevention. Materials and methods: The research involved 647 students (men and women) of the first - fourth instructional years of pedagogical specialties. The research was conducted during 2020-2022. The research methods included analysis and generalization of literary source on the research topic, documentary method, questionnaires, pedagogical observation and statistical methods. Results: It was found that the phenomenon of tobacco smoking has long historical roots and is widespread in all countries of the world. It was found that 32.4 % of male students and 14.9 % of female ones smoke; herewith, 16.0 % of male and 8.3 % of female students smoke up to 10 cigarettes per day. It is established that a number of normative legal documents have been adopted and a system of preventive measures has been developed in order to counteract smoking among students. Conclusions: Smoking is a significant health and social problem the solution of which requires significant human and financial resources. Despite some achievements in this area, the active involvement of not only men, but also women, mainly students, in smoking is of particular concern. The use of tobacco products provokes a threat to the health of students and the population as a whole, which requires additional efforts on the part of society, government agencies and non-governmental organizations to prevent this addiction.

Serodiagnosis and Detection of Persistently Infected Cattle with BVDV in New Valley Province, Egypt

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an economically significant diseases in the bovine industry causing severe economic losses and there is no specific treatment so the primary aim of control to detect and remove persistently infected cattle (PI carriers) which serve as a virus source by shedding the virus life along and responsible for the presence of the virus within herds. So early diagnosis of PI animal is the critical point. To our knowledge, there have been no reports about the disease’s situation in New valley province, Egypt. The goal of this study was to serodiagnosis of BVD infection by Serum Neutralization Test (SNT) and early diagnosis of PI animals using BVDV Ag (POC)Test and Double antibody Sandwich ELISA (DS. ELISA) .In this study a total of 320 cattle of different ages, sexes, and breeds (not previously vaccinated with BVD vaccines) were screened clinically for symptoms of BVD infection, 92 cattle out of the totally screened 320 cattle showed clinical signs arousing suspicion of BVD( respiratory manifestation, diarrhea, growth retardation, oral lesion, and abortion) and undergo SNT and the result shows the percent of infection was 31.5% (29/ 92) .20 animal out of 92 clinically diseased undergo BVDV Ag Point-of-Care Test for detection of PI animal, 11 out of 20 examined cattle (55 %) were positive. PI animal was found to be high in cattle aged>2 months – 6 months than in other age groups. Also, male cattle had a greater infection rate than female ones, and infection was high in Frisian than in native bread. For more accurate confirmation five positive PI animal undergo (DS. ELISA). All Five positive PI animal were positive in ELISA (100% compatibility).

Protective and Educational Effects of Physical Activity Practice on Mental Health in Young Age during COVID-19 Lockdown

Background: The restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic have modified the lifestyle of young people, worsening their mental health. Although some countries were allowed to practice outdoor physical activity (PA) in cases of lockdown, the PA level in the general population decreased. The current study aims to assess the differences in fear of COVID-19, anxiety, neuroticism, and general self-efficacy between university students who practiced PA during the second wave of lockdown and those who did not practice any PA. Methods: The sample consisted of 276 university students (176 females, 63.8%; mean age: 22.13, SD: ±3.94) who answered an online questionnaire detecting life habits (e.g., PA practice) during COVID-19 restrictions, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, neuroticism, and general self-efficacy. In addition, a 2 (gender) × 2 (physical activity) MANCOVA model was used to compare the variables’ differences. Finally, a path analysis model was performed to assess the protective effect of physical activity. Results: The students engaging in PA during lockdown showed lower fear of COVID-19, state and trait anxiety, neuroticism, and higher levels of general self-efficacy. Gender differences concerning fear of COVID-19 and a significant interaction with physical activity emerged: physically active females displayed the highest fear of COVID-19 compared to sedentary females and active males. Gender differences also emerged concerning state and trait anxiety and neuroticism. The path analysis model confirmed a light protective effect of sport/PA practice on mitigating neuroticism and anxiety, which, in turn, affect general self-efficacy. Conclusions: According to the results, it emerged that physical activity could represent a protective and educational factor for male students’ mental health during the COVID-19 restriction and partially for female ones.

Sustainable development of art industry and a statistical analysis of the factors that influence the gallery prices of contemporary artworks

AbstractAlthough art industry has developed significantly, the factors influencing artwork prices and their specific effects are not fully known. With this research, to guide curators, gallery owners, collectors and art investors, as well as artists, first the factors that may influence artwork prices are determined. Then, using a data set from a contemporary art gallery in Istanbul, which of these factors are significant and in which ways they alter the prices are investigated. While previous studies are typically based on auction prices, promoting the economic sustainability of artists, this study employs gallery prices, and different from the existing efforts, it examines the joint impact of the artwork specific factors such as production technique and the number of editions, together with the artist specific factors including gender, education level and the field of study. Statistical findings suggest that there is no significant difference between the prices of artworks created by the artists who have a formal education in fine arts and those who do not. However, it is found that artists, particularly the female ones, can increase the prices of their artworks by having a graduate level education. Also, it is observed that increasing the number of editions negatively affects artwork prices, and the artworks created in print techniques have significantly lower prices than the artworks produced in other techniques. Though, it is detected that print artworks are less affected from the price reductions induced by the increase in the number of editions, compared to the artworks produced in other techniques.

Gender- and season-related variability in the content of proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates in Taxus baccata needles of different age

The present study aimed to determine if the needles of male and female European yew (Taxus baccata L.) trees differ in their content of basic compounds (proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates), and whether the observed differences result only from the gender factor or if they are also associated with the needles' age and season. The study was conducted on male and female European yew specimens, collected from the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow during three seasons. Male specimens had significantly higher content of insoluble carbohydrates compared to the females ones. In the first year of the needles life, the dry mass and content of soluble carbohydrates increased significantly. In the third year of the needles' life, the content of amino acids increased significantly and the content of soluble proteins decreased. The highest differences between the genders in the individual months were observed in the soluble carbohydrates and amino acids amounts and the least in the soluble proteins. The growth of the new needles seems to be at least partly sustained by carbohydrates remobilization from the older needles. In conclusion, male and female yews differ in their metabolism. These gender differences may vary with the needles' age. For this reason, the needle samples of different age should not be mixed, and the sampling time should be chosen carefully. For one-year-old needles, a potentially interesting gender marker may be an increased content of free amino acids in June and July, and high content of soluble carbohydrates in January, while for two-year-old needles, an increased content of free amino acids in male individuals from September. March seems to be an interesting month, as it shows significant differences between the genders in terms of all biochemical features studied in this research.

Individual Innovativeness Levels of Science Teacher Candidates

This study is intended to detect the level of individual innovativeness among science teacher candidates and to demonstrate whether levels of individual innovativeness differ based on different variables like gender, grade level, reception or lack of preschool education and daily time spent on the internet. Survey model, one of quantitative research models, was used in this study. The sample this research is 154 science teacher candidates studying at a state university in eastern Turkey. In this research, Individual Innovativeness Scale has been used as a data collection tool. It was observed in the study that majority of science teacher candidates are individually innovative at medium level and that they could be placed in the category of “questioning” people as far as their individual innovativeness are concerned. As a result of this research, it is seen that male teacher candidates are more resistant to innovations compared to female ones. Moreover, it has been observed in the study that reception or lack of preschool education did not have an impact on the individual innovativeness, and that the more time teacher candidates spend on the internet, the less their individual innovative levels are.

Quoted at the Pulpit: Male Rhetoric and Female Authority in Fifty Years of General Conference

Quoted at the Pulpit: Male Rhetoric and Female Authority in Fifty Years of General Conference