Female Names Research Articles

Linguocultural studies of the female name and its role in the representation of the linguistic personality of the text author

Linguocultural studies of the female name and its role in the representation of the linguistic personality of the text author

Mimesis, Contention, and Corporeality of Otherness: Reading the Haircuts of Undocumented Immigrants’ Daughters in Japan

Mimesis, Contention, and Corporeality of OthernessReading the Haircuts of Undocumented Immigrants’ Daughters in Japan Yurika Tamura (bio) In 2009 a daughter of Filipino undocumented immigrant parents in Saitama, Japan, drew national attention. In order to plead for annulment of her parents’ deportation, Noriko Calderon at the age of fifteen became a spokeswoman for the family. Once her parents’ verdict became final, Noriko cut her hair short and continued her plea in the media. In this paper I comparatively examine Noriko’s haircut and another immigrant’s daughter’s haircut in her appearance in a famous documentary and argue that the two girls’ haircuts, which are situated in the Japanese immigration discourse, are both political performance and feminine mimesis. Using Luce Irigaray’s notion of feminine mimesis, which posits mimesis as a profoundly ambivalent yet subtly contentious act, this essay traces how such haircuts can reveal masculine logic of exclusion. In the process, I focus on hair as both material and symbolic surface of the body, the location of subjectivity. locating hair as the corporeal surface Hair, made of once living and now dead cells, surfaces from inside and covers the body, and it can be understood as both inside and outside of the body.1 Rooted in the body, hair is considered to be an intrinsic part of body matter and bodily cycles. Yet hair can also be easily detached from the body. Can this liminal entity of our bodily surface act performatively? Can the hair of Othered bodies, senseless dead cells, give a sense of the corporeality of the Other?2 These questions surface at the two scenes in the media coverage of “undocumented” (a word which suggests both the existence and nonexistence of supposedly-not-existing bodies) immigrants and their phantoms in the [End Page 183] border control narratives in Japan. The phantoms are the cut hair of the two daughters of these immigrants: two women, two haircuts, one inside and the other out. These two cases of the public appearance of undocumented immigrants and their hair-cutting daughters occurred separately and are unrelated to each other. However, together they (and the daughters’ hair) locate the bodies outside the “belonging,” pointing to the very real and corporeal “cut” of bodies from a community of belonging. But there is more to these narratives: the daughters’ hair that is removed by the act of cutting exposes the stale logic of rootedness in a traditional discourse of nation and ethnicity. It subverts the notion of roots. The daughters’ haircut then becomes an act of performance that threatens the imperial politics of belonging within which citizenship is formed and dictated. Like strands of our hair sporadically appearing without a trace on our daily surfaces—sink, floor, and even on our shoulders—these phantoms of immigrants narratives, apparitions of excluded bodies, often haunt the imagined surface of a national community. Hair can also take on more meanings than bodily and social surface or roots. Starting with the story of Rapunzel and continuing to the contemporary hair-flipping performance of feminine sexiness in the US media, many cultures seem to confirm the idea that long feminine hair represents exuberant and enticing feminine sexuality. The analysis of female haircut performance that follows then extends to study the patriarchal nature of the national community that trims off and disciplines the raced and gendered bodies of the immigrants’ daughters (and their very corporeal body part) as well as finding the daughters’ act to constitute feminine performance, an intellectually calculated act (whether conscious or subconscious) that is highly sentient of the sexual politics of imperial heteropatriarchy. in lieu of words: noriko’s haircut Possibly one of the most hated figures in Japan in the year 2009, Noriko Calderon was only thirteen years old when she became a detested icon of the illegal alien. Her parents, Arlan and Sarah Calderon, had immigrated to Japan from the Philippines in 1997. Although undocumented, they were successful in building a life in Japan. Both parents worked in menial jobs and acquired good reputations for being diligent workers, and they eventually had a daughter, Noriko, who was growing up to be a regular Japanese teenager with a common Japanese female name...

Morphophonological Analysis of Akan Female Family-Name Formation

This paper examines the morphophonological processes in the derivation of some female family-names in Akan, a Niger-Congo (Kwa) language through the addition of a male source name and the female morpheme / -baa /. About three main kinds of family-names can be identified in Akan: (i) those usually given to females only, (ii) those gender-neutral, and (iii) those given to males but out of which female counterpart names can be derived. The current paper examines the third type and claims that even though different realizations of the female morpheme are observed, namely [-wa(a)] , [-ma(a)] , and [-a] to attach to the male source names, there is only one morpheme in the underlying presentation, that is, /-baa/, /-bea/, and /-ba/ for the Asante, Akuapem, and Fante dialects respectively, out of which these three variants are derived. This underlying morpheme manifests differently among the major dialects, which could be one of the points of distinction among them. To account for its different cross-dialectal realizations, it is shown in this paper that the underlying morpheme-initial consonant /-b/ specified for [+consonantal, +labial, −continuant] may acquire nasality at the surface level as in [-maa] through nasal place assimilation. The same consonant may lenite to labial glide [w] intervocalically and surfaces as [-waa] ; or may even elide completely in the same context and be realized as [-a]; the underlying segment is systematically neutralized in the Asante dialect. In the Akuapem dialect, on the other hand, this underlying morpheme-initial segment is invariably fully preserved at the surface representation. The case of the Fante dialect resides in the middle of the continuum; i.e. it is non-systematic. The initial segment may or may not be preserved within the same contexts. Based on these observed variations it is concluded that while the other two dialects, especially the Akuapem, can preserve both the place and stricture features values of the underlying morpheme-initial /-b/ of the female morpheme, the Asante dialect only preserves the value for the former, and systematically neutralizes that of the latter. This observation is formalized within the Optimality Theory.

Elevated perseveration errors on a verbal fluency task in frequent nightmare recallers: a replication.

A recent study reported that individuals recalling frequent idiopathic nightmares (NM) produced more perseveration errors on a verbal fluency task than did control participants (CTL), while not differing in overall verbal fluency. Elevated scores on perseveration errors, an index of executive dysfunction, suggest a cognitive inhibitory control deficit in NM participants. The present study sought to replicate these results using a French-speaking cohort and French language verbal fluency tasks. A phonetic verbal fluency task using three stimulus letters (P, R, V) and a semantic verbal fluency task using two stimulus categories (female and male French first names) were administered to 23 participants with frequent recall of NM (≥2 NM per week, meanage=24.4±4.0years), and to 16 CTL participants with few recalled NM (≤1 NM per month, meanage=24.5±3.8years). All participants were French-speaking since birth and self-declared to be in good mental and physical health apart from their NM. As expected, groups did not differ in overall verbal fluency, i.e. total number of correct words produced in response to stimulus letters or categories (P=0.97). Furthermore, groups exhibited a difference in fluency perseveration errors, with the NM group having higher perseveration than the CTL group (P=0.03, Cohen's d=0.745). This replication suggests that frequent NM recallers have executive inhibitory dysfunction during a cognitive association task and supports a neurocognitive model which posits fronto-limbic impairment as a neural correlate of disturbed dreaming.

Validating the semantic misattribution procedure as an implicit measure of gender stereotyping

AbstractThe current research tested the validity of the semantic misattribution procedure (SMP)—a variant of the affect misattribution procedure—as an implicit measure of gender stereotyping. In three studies (N = 604), prime words of gender‐stereotypical occupations (e.g., nurse, doctor) influenced participants' guesses of whether unknown Chinese ideographs referred to male or female names in a stereotype‐congruent manner. Priming scores of gender stereotyping showed high internal consistency and construct‐valid correlations with explicit measures of sexism. Discriminant validity of gender stereotyping scores was tested by investigating relations with priming effects involving grammatical gender (e.g., mother, father). Evidence for discriminant validity was obtained when (1) trials from the two priming measures were presented in a blocked rather than interspersed manner and (2) the measure of stereotypical gender priming preceded the measure of grammatical gender priming. Overall, the SMP showed good psychometric properties and construct validity for the assessment of gender stereotyping.

Ethnic and gender discrimination in the private rental housing market in Finland: A field experiment.

Ethnic and gender discrimination in a variety of markets has been documented in several populations. We conducted an online field experiment to examine ethnic and gender discrimination in the private rental housing market in Finland. We sent 1459 inquiries regarding 800 apartments. We compared responses to standardized apartment inquiries including fictive Arabic-sounding, Finnish-sounding or Swedish-sounding female or male names. We found evidence of discrimination against Arabic-sounding names and male names. Inquiries including Arabic-sounding male names had the lowest probability of receiving a response, receiving a response to about 16% of the inquiries made, while Finnish-sounding female names received a response to 42% of the inquires. We did not find any evidence of the landlord’s gender being associated with the discrimination pattern. The findings suggest that both ethnic and gender discrimination occur in the private rental housing market in Finland.

Recent Trends of Expressing Female Occupation Names and Titles in Romanian

루마니아어에서 곡용을 하는 품사군(nume)에는 문법적 성(gen gramatical)이 존재하며 이것의 형태적 구분은 라틴어의 영향으로 매우 발달해 있는편이다. 본 논문은 문법적으로 남성형과 여성형으로 구별된 직업명·직함의 사회적 코노테이션 및 여성에 대한 남성형 직업명·직함의 사용이 가져올수 있는 언어적 규범과 관련된 문제점에 대해서 분석하였다. 남성형과 여성형으로 구별된 직업명·직함이 있는 경우 일반적으로 여성형 직업명·직함의 권위가 남성형에 비해서 더 낮은 것으로 인식되기 때문에 최근에는 이것을, 특히 엘리트 고학력 중심의 직업명과 고위직의 직함에서, 남성형으로 통일시키려는 경향을 보이고 있다. 하지만 이러한 경향이 의미적, 형태·통사적 측면에서 전통적 문법 규범의 중심인 “문법적 성의 일 치”라는 부분과 배치(背馳) 될 수 있다는 문제를 만들어낼 수 있는 바, 이부분에 대해서 루마니아어의 매스미디어를 중심으로 살펴보았으며 몇 가지 측면에서 상당히 혼란스러운 모습이 존재하고 있음을 볼 수 있었다.Grammatical gender is highly developed in Romanian like other Romance Languages. Latin infleunces on Romanian left systematic declension forms on parts of speeches such as noun, pronoun, adjective, article and number. This article aims at studying from a sociolinguistic viewpoint how grammatical gender is influencing the language and its connotation which is closely related with a society and a culture on which the given language is based. This article gave a special attention on occupation names and titles because they can show clearly the influences of grammatical gender on language. Generally the occupation names and titles divided both masculine and feminine are something classic one which existed from long before. The new occupation names and titles are usually used by one form of masculine. This is because the feminine occupation names or titles are considered to have less authority and power compared to masculine forms. Even though this trend has a reasonable bases, it is possible to make confusions of according grammatical gender in the morphological and syntactical parts which is a central axle of Romanian traditional grammar.

Names, Grades, and Metamorphosis: A Small-Scale Socio-onomastic Investigation into the Effects of Ethnicity and Gender-Marked Personal Names on the Pedagogical Assessments of a Grade School Essay

In this small-scale, mixed-method investigation, the potential presence of school teacher and teacher trainees’ name-based biases in reaction to schoolchildren’s first names was investigated in two experiments. In the first, German school teachers were asked to qualitatively and quantitatively assess an authentic literary essay written by a monolingual native-speaking German schoolchild. To test for possible name biases, three nearly identical versions of the essay were prepared. The only difference between them was the first names of the child listed as having authored the essay (Uwe, Achilleas, and Mustafa). In the second experiment, the set of personal names was expanded to include female first names (i.e. Heike, Athena, and Fatma) and the study participants were volunteer teacher trainees. In both experiments, evidence for covert name biases was identified. On the basis of these and other findings, the article concludes with concrete suggestions for future research. Chief among these recommendations is a call for more collaborative action research between university faculty and students.

In female supervisors male subordinates trust!? An experiment on supervisor and subordinate gender and the perceptions of tight control

Little attention has been directed towards the role of gender in the supervisor–subordinate dyad that is the very fundament of management control. We argue that gender roles and the roles implied in the supervisor–subordinate relationship are powerful concepts that need to be incorporated in research to better understand the reactions and perceptions of management controls. The article contributes to this line of research by developing and testing hypotheses related to gender differences in supervisor–subordinate dyads and the resulting perceptions of evaluation fairness and trust in management under a tight control regime. In a vignette experiment where only the name of the supervisor was changed to a typical female or male name for female and male subordinates (respondents)(2 times 2), we find that female (male) subordinates demonstrate more negative (positive) attitudes towards evaluation fairness and that male subordinates with a female supervisor put more trust in management than males with a male supervisor and females with a female supervisor.

The Importance of Calling Transgendered Persons by Their Preferred Name

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article CommentaryNo AccessThe Importance of Calling Transgendered Persons by Their Preferred NameSaeed Ahmed, M.D.Saeed AhmedSearch for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:1 May 2017https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2017.120502AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail On a recent Thursday in the psychiatry ER, I had a striking encounter with a patient in her early 20s, a transgender female who had been brought in by police due to suicidal ideations. A patient with no psychiatric history, transgender or not, suddenly presenting this way in the ER always triggers concern. But, in this case, with these symptoms exhibited by a transgender person, past experience dictated extra care because there can be some risk factors that might trigger suicidality in such a patient, especially if the patient had never been in a psychiatric emergency department before.The patient was celebrating her 28th birthday, but she reported that the celebration had been cut short upon receiving a birthday card from her parents that addressed her by “his” original male birth name. To her, this represented a total invalidation of her core identity and complete rejection by her parents. She also said that compounding the problem was the fact that it had only been a year since she had outwardly identified and embraced her new gender and female name, debuting it across her social life, though never “officially” in legal contexts or identifying documents.Her case reminded me that as a mental health care provider, it would be imperative to take special care in identifying and addressing the patient. Literature shows that transgender populations encounter more intimate identity issues, which may stem from moral and societal discrimination and be compounded by psychological trauma (1, 2).Transgender youths are at an increased risk for adverse psychosocial consequences. This population sits at an approximately threefold higher risk for depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicidal ideation (3). According to a report by the National Transgender Discrimination Survey, nearly 41% of transgender youths report at least one suicide attempt in their lives, compared with 1.6% in the general population (2, 4).These numbers compel a deeper search and wider survey into this community’s specific vulnerabilities. The high prevalence of suicide attempts and self-injury makes it vital to remain vigilant to the key risk factors increasing these tendencies in transgender persons. These risk factors include harassment, physical and sexual abuse, and being a victim of violence and/or discrimination (2). Risk factors also include internalized shame and complications caused by identity perceptions and preferences, as well as incongruent identity documents.Among these vulnerabilities, as in the present case, parental rejection stands most prominently and occurs in up to 57% of cases (2). The odds that those who experience family rejection will attempt suicide are 3.5 times higher than those who do not experience familial rejection. Among those rejected by their families, the odds of drug or alcohol abuse are 2.5 times as high (5).Addressing transgendered persons by their preferred names is a simple but important act of respect that might begin to repair damage to their self-esteem and identity. Parents and family members should not only accept their child’s, or other family members’, new gender identity but also recognize them by their preferred name.Dr. Ahmed is a second-year resident in the Department of Psychiatry, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, N.Y.The author thanks Dr. Vijal Parikh (PGY-4) Chief for Research at Nassau University Medical Center for guidance.

Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases.

Machine learning is a means to derive artificial intelligence by discovering patterns in existing data. Here, we show that applying machine learning to ordinary human language results in human-like semantic biases. We replicated a spectrum of known biases, as measured by the Implicit Association Test, using a widely used, purely statistical machine-learning model trained on a standard corpus of text from the World Wide Web. Our results indicate that text corpora contain recoverable and accurate imprints of our historic biases, whether morally neutral as toward insects or flowers, problematic as toward race or gender, or even simply veridical, reflecting the status quo distribution of gender with respect to careers or first names. Our methods hold promise for identifying and addressing sources of bias in culture, including technology.

Approximate Family: The Taxonomy of Motherhood in Theodor Storm's Viola Tricolor

Unlike the trope of culpa patris in Carsten Curator, Theodor Storm's representation of matrilineal heredity in Viola Tricolor does not follow the strict limits of a bloodline. This article argues that the mechanism of influence in this novella should be read as an experimental deviation from Storm's typical construction of the family as biologically or legally determined. In the denial of female reproductive sexuality in the two wives (“Mutter,” “Mama”) and the literal resemblance between stepmother and child (“Ines,” “Nesi”), Storm imagines a system of female kinship constructed as a visible field rather than as the result of an unseen natural force. Through the multiplicity of female names, Storm's taxonomic strategy relies on proximity and similitude as the basis for circumscribing maternal step-relations in Viola Tricolor. Storm thus envisions motherhood as issuing from an act of naming that, like the nested hierarchy of Linnaeus's Systema Natura, relies on visual resemblance and spatial arrangement.

Anthroponymy of the commemorative Book of the Decani monastery (sixteenth century)

This paper displays main structural and semantic features of the system of secular personal names inscribed into the Commemorative Book in the Visoki Dečani monastery towards the end of the sixteenth century by Dimitrije Daskal, the chief and first scribe of the Book, also known as the scrivener and illuminator of the three Serbian gospels from the second half of the sixteenth century. The results of the research imply that the system of secular personal names in the manuscript does not generally deviate much from the condition observed in other known commemorative books from the sixteenth century (the Commemorative Book of an unknown monastery in the Ljipljan Bishopric and the Vodičnik Commemorative Book). The manuscript of the Commemorative Book in Dečani is special because it provides confirmation of several secular personal names which have not been recorded yet in Serbian medieval sources: Akepsim, Kaspak, Lovka, Monomah, Monoahin, Stas, Tisovac (male names), Jolja, Trejka (female names). Furthermore, it provides new confirmations of several personal names which have only been known based on a handful of mentions: Večerin, Večko, Muzak (male names), Madona (female names). These results infer the necessity of further philological and linguistic study of manuscripts, especially of recorded geographical names, as well as personal names in manuscripts created after the sixteenth century.

ОБ УДЛИНЕНИИ СОГЛАСНЫХ В СЛОГАХ CV И CCV

In this paper, we investigate two factors influencing consonant duration: phrase accent and syllable length (in segments). First, we performed a corpus-based analysis of consonant duration in stressed CV and CCV syllables in 3-syllable words using a 30-hour speech corpus. As a result, we have found the following tendencies: (1) consonants in CV syllables are longer than those in CCV syllables; (2) under phrase accent, consonants in CV and CCV syllables are lengthened; (3) the increase in consonant duration is higher for CCV syllables than for CV syllables. As a post hoc experiment, we recorded a set of phrases with target words Natasha (female name), zasada (=ambush) and zastava (=cordon) in neutral context and under contrastive stress. Then consonant duration in the stressed syllables /sa/, /ta/ и /sta/ was measured. The measurements supported the initial tendencies. In addition, we found out that under contrastive stress we may observe extra high consonant lengthening (over 50%).

Dziewczyna w typie Kendall Jenner. Antroponimy żeńskie w prasie „kobiecej” na tle koncepcji genderowych

This article aims to present several gender theories related to linguistics which could be useful for contemporary onomastics. The author would also like to demonstrate their applicability (especially the theory by R. Connell) in particular onomastic and textological analyses.In the first part of the article, the author explains that there are numerous ways to define gen¬der within the discipline of gender studies. The author focuses on constructivist and performative approaches, especially on those which understand gender as a discursive and normative category. In the second part, the author presents four gender theories by: J. Butler, R. Connell, J. Scott, and by French feminists (J. Kristeva, H. Cixous), paying attention to their methodological value: un¬derstanding gender as a linguistic/performative/semiotic/symbolic/discursive category, as a group of textual practices (games) existing in the dominant culture, and the maintenance or defiance of gender. All of those notions can be related to different groups of onyms and their associated com-municative practices. In the third part, the author presents the directions of research conducted in post-1945 Polish anthroponomastics in the field of feminine names (she is particularly interested in lexical, systemic, and contextual (social, historical etc.) mechanisms.In the empirical section, the author formulates her most important assumption concerning re¬search of gender onomastics in the media (Polish women’s magazines): femininities are constructs, primarily of a normative, model-creating function, they produce hierarchy and difference; proper names are important “notional nodes” in those constructs. The analysis claims that there are at least three different femininities: dominant (celebrity), banal (anonymous) and defiant (rebellious). Female proper names are an important part of each construct as their arrangement (name and sur¬name, name alone, diminutive of the name or culturally-loaded name), along with the appropriate description of their bearers, can give an impression of the popularity and familiarity of certain people and of their high social status or of their anonymity, closeness or unreality.

Morphology of the male and female personal names in the river Kosanica basin

Morphology of the male and female personal names in the river Kosanica basin

Gender Differences in the Progression of Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease Induced by Chronic Nitric Oxide Inhibition.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem, assuming epidemic proportions worldwide. In this context, the preponderance of CKD prevalence in male over age-matched female patients is of note. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the gender on the development of experimental CKD induced by chronic nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in Wistar male and female rats through the administration of L-NAME. CKD model induced by L-NAME is characterized by systemic vasoconstriction, resulting in severe hypertension, albuminuria, renal ischemia, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial expansion, and macrophage infiltration. After 30 days of CKD induction, male NAME rats exhibited remarkable albuminuria, augmented cortical histological damage, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. Age-matched female NAME rats showed significantly lower albuminuria, diminished glomerular ischemia, and glomerulosclerosis, as well as a significant reduction in the expression of α-smooth muscle actin renal interstitial Ang II+ cells. Thus, the present study demonstrated that female rats submitted to the NAME model developed less severe CKD than males. Female renoprotection could be promoted by both the estrogen anti-inflammatory activity and/or by the lack of testosterone, related to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system hyperactivation and fibrogenesis. However, the influence of sex hormones on the progression of CKD needs to be further investigated.

Karelian Female Names

Karelian Female Names

Imię Maria oraz jego formy pochodne we współczesnej chrematonimii polskiej (na przykładzie nazw hoteli, ośrodków wczasowych, willi, pensjonatów, kwater prywatnych i agroturystycznych, pokoi gościnnych itp.)

This paper examines the secondary use of the name Maria and its derivative forms in the names of guest accommodations, so-called utility (usage) chrematonyms. It also discusses the creation of this category of chrematonyms derived from personal names, as well as their function.One of the ways in which chrematonyms are created is through the use of female names, both in their full and derivative (diminutive, hypocristic, augmentative) forms. They appear in two forms of inflection: the nominative and the genitive of the singular. The author distinguishes three categories in the analysis of onyms created from the name Maria and its derivatives: 1) names created from the full, official name (certificate) e.g. Maria, Maryla, Maryna; 2) unofficial, derived names (created with suffixes: diminutive and hypocoristic forms, positively valued, usually with suffixes -ka (also with extension -en-ka), -sia, -’a, e.g. Marylka, Marynka, Marysia, Marysienka, Marynia, also augmentative forms e.g. Marycha); 3) composite names in the form of prepositional phrases e.g. U Marii, U Marysi, U Marysienki, U Marychy, U Maryli, U Marylki, U Maryny, U Maryni, U Mani, names with the structure of multi-word expressions, most often connected with the conjunction i e.g. Maria i Helena, U Marysi na Dolinie, U Marysi i Jacka, and combinations consisting of a name with a numerical sign e.g. Maria II, Maria 4, Maria 5.The names of guest accommodations perform various functions. Names of this type of objects are often associated with the owner’s name, and primarily hold a possessive function by identifying the establishment with its owner. Names which were created from the name of a wife, daughter or other close relatives of the chrematonym creator perform a memorial function. Often, chrematonym creators use names rooted in the national culture or historical names, considering them to hold prestige e.g. Marysienka, Maria Antonina.There is a large group of names which are not related to the owner of the object nor with close female relatives. In general, they are carefully chosen for a specific advertising purpose, creating positive associations for potential guests. In such names, the use of unofficial, derivative forms provides guest accommodations with a homely character. The use of the preposition u, both in the official (U Marii, U Maryli, U Maryny) and the hypocoristic versions (U Marysi, U Marysienki, U Maryni, U Mani) provides connotations of hospitality and welcoming.

Słowotwórstwo żeńskich nazw osobowych w szamotulskiej księdze ławniczej z lat 1567–1579

The article focuses on the analysis of female names recorded in the aldermen’s book of Szamotuły from the end of the 16th century. 174 personal names of this type have been excerpted from the studied book, documented in the text in 527 nominal groups of different lexical composition. The outlined subject of the article eliminates from the field of observation those groups, referring to women, which are based only on the name. Personal names are analysed from two points of view: as units of the linguistic system and as units functioning in a specific communicative community. This scope of analyses allows researchers to look upon the anthroponymic units not only with regard to their formal word-formative structure (reconstruction of word-formative models), but also from the point of view of their functions in the text (the units with defined references, including co-referential units). The studied derivatives are exponents of two semantic relationships: ojciec–córka (father–daughter) and mąż–żona (husband–wife). The first group is represented by 17, the second by 151 derivatives. Among onyms referring to women, there are also few derivatives created according to formal word-formative models, e.g. Popczynka < *Popczyna.