Female High School Teachers Research Articles

Internal structure validation of a teacher autonomy scale through confirmatory factor analysis

Purpose: Teacher autonomy is defined as the freedom of teachers to organize the learning and teaching process at school. The teaching autonomy scale measures teacher autonomy (Pearson & Hall, 1993). This study was conducted to identify whether the measuring instrument of teacher autonomy meets the validity and reliability requirements of a measuring instrument. Method: The number of respondents in this study was obtained using a proportional sampling technique involving 170 respondents. The teacher autonomy measuring instrument produced from this study consists of 17 items that measure two dimensions; curriculum autonomy and general teaching autonomy. The quantitative data analysis techniques used were content-based validity tests through CVR and readability tests, validity evidence based on internal structure through CFA, and reliability tests based on homogeneity (internal consistency) through CR and AVE. Result: Shows CVR value with a minimum value of 0.78; loading factor ≥ 0.4, except for item 7 and item 8, as well as fit model fit with RMSEA = 0,077; RMR = 0,030; GFI = 0,847; CFI = 0,858; TLI = 0,797; NFI = 0,805; and p-value < 0.05. reliability test through CR value (0.944) > 0.7 and AVE (0.544) > 0.4. Conclusion: The adaptation of the teacher autonomy measurement tool for female junior high school teachers met good validity and reliability values.

Women’s health at work: a qualitative study on women’s health issues in relation to work participation. Experiences and perspectives from female teachers and managers in Norwegian high schools

BackgroundPublic health and working life are closely related. Even though Norway is one of the world’s most equality-oriented countries, working life is still divided by gender. Women have a lower rate of participation in working life than men, they work more part-time and they have a higher sickness absence. Research has mostly focused on structural and cultural reasons for gender differences, rather than on the fact that women and men have different biology and face different health challenges. The aim of this project was to explore experienced associations between women’s health and female participation in working life.MethodsQualitative methods were chosen for investigating women’s experiences. We carried out in-depth interviews with 11 female high school teachers and supplemented the material with a focus group with five managers from the same organisation. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used the six steps of reflexive thematic analysis for consistency in the analysis process.ResultsThe teachers shared a variety of experienced health issues within the field of women’s health and perceived barriers in the work environment. Four main themes were identified: (1) invisibility of women’s health at work, (2) complexity and lack of recognition of women’s health at work, (3) women’s health in work environment and (4) women’s health and role conflicts. There were few contradictions between the two informant groups. We found that health, work and total life intertwine and that complexity, lack of recognition and invisibility of women’s health appear at different levels in a mutual influence: for the women themselves, in the organisation and in society.ConclusionLack of recognition and invisibility of women’s health in the work environment is suggested to influence women’s work participation. The complexity of female health is not captured by gender-neutral structures in the work environment meant to protect and promote employees’ occupational health. Recognition of women’s health in the work context can therefore contribute to a gender-equal, health-promoting and sustainable working life.

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Skills Regarding Breast Self-examination Among Female Teachers of selected High School of South Goa

A pre-experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and skills regarding breast self-examination, among female high school teachers of selected school in South Goa with the objectives to assess the knowledge and skills on breast self-examination and to evaluate the effectiveness of a planned teaching programme on knowledge & skills. The Orlando' s Nursing Process model (1950) was utilised for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the setting and samples. Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was adopted for the present study. The tool consisted of a baseline demographic proforma, a structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge, observational checklist to assess skills; a model of breast made up of latex was utilized for demonstrating the steps of breast self-examination. Data was collected among 30 female high school teachers from the selected school of south Goa. A significant difference in pre-test and post-test knowledge score was 10.07 and skill score was 9.96 among female high school teachers after attending teaching programme on breast self-examination at p'lt;0.05. Spreading awareness through health education can help an individual to gain knowledge and develop the skills on breast self-examination.

The Prevailing Values among High School Male and Female Teachers and their Role in their Educational Performance

The study identified high school male and female teachers committed to personal - moral - social - recreational values. The sample was three secondary schools for girls and four for boys in Al-Aflaj. They were 200 male and female teachers. The study tools were the values ​​scale with four dimensions: moral, subjective, social, and recreational values, and the educational performance scale (46). Standard mean - standard deviation - (t) test, Mann-Whitney test - Spearman test - Pearson test were used. The results showed no statistically significant differences between male and female high school teachers. There is no positive correlation between the high school teachers' commitment degree to different values, their educational qualification level, and the training courses they received in the educational field. There is a positive correlation between high school teachers' commitment to subjective and recreational values and the number of training courses they received in the educational field. The research concludes that directing high school teachers to the prevailing values influences male and female students. Training high school teachers on purification methods, activities, and educational means is necessary for developing values.
 
 Received: 29 July 2022 / Accepted: 3 October 2022 / Published: 5 November 2022

Relationship between Social Intelligence and Teaching Competency of High School Teachers in Coimbatore District

This study was explored to find out the relationship between social intelligence and teaching competency of high school teachers in Coimbatore district. A sample of 200 Secondary school teachers from various schools in Coimbatore district was selected through convenient sampling technique. A self-made tool prepared by the investigator was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed by using t-test. Results found that there is no significant difference between male and female high school teachers in their social intelligence, teaching competency. Finding also showed that there is no significant difference between male and female high school teachers in their social intelligence and teaching competency.

21st Century Digital Skills, Technology Integration in Instruction and Challenges Encountered by Senior High School Teachers in Muntinlupa National High School

This descriptive-correlational study determined the 21st-century digital skills, technology integration in instruction, and challenges encountered in integrating technology. The participants in this study were composed of ninety-five Senior High School teachers in Muntinlupa National High School. The study sought to find a significant association between 21st-century digital skills and level of technology integration in instruction; challenges encountered and the level of technology integration of teachers in instruction. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents were female, aged 40 to 49 years old, acquired MA units, 7 – 12 years of teaching experience, and attended less than 3 related training on technology integration in instructions for the last past 6 months. Findings showed that the level of 21st-century digital skills and level of technology integration in instructions of the SHS teachers was very high. Teachers highly used video conferencing software such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, GoogleMeet, Cisco, WebEx, and others as the technology they integrate for their instructions. The challenges experienced by teachers in integrating technology in instructions were the following; poor internet connection, students' lack of support system, limited electronic materials and equipment, and lack of technological support from the school experts. Senior high school teachers aged 40 to 49 have higher skills in the information of 21st-century digital skills than teachers aged 50 and above. And, female senior high school teachers have higher skills in communication, collaboration, and problem-solving in 21st-century digital skills than male senior high school teachers. Meanwhile, the teachers’ level of technology integration in instruction and the challenges encountered in integrating technology were the same regardless of teachers’ profiles. The result further revealed that the higher the 21st-century digital skills of the teachers, the higher the teachers’ level of technology integration in instructions. And, the more challenges teachers encountered in integrating technology into instructions, the higher their level of technology integration into instructions.

Knowledge and attitudes of cervical cancer screening among female high school teachers in Hail city: A cross-sectional study.

Cervical cancer is a primary preventable cancer. The current study aims to assess relevant knowledge and attitude of cervical cancer screening among female high school teachers in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among female high school teachers in the Hail Province of Saudi Arabia. It is worth mentioning that Pap smear screening every 3-5 years with appropriate follow-up can reduce cervical cancer incidence by up to 80%, and abnormal results may suggest the presence of precancerous changes, allowing examination and possible preventive treatment. Data from 387 participants were included in the final analysis. The study participants were female high school teachers. Mean age of the participants was 41.4 ± 5.3 years. Only 42% participants appeared to have good level of knowledge about cervical cancer. Fifty-eight percentage of females had not heard of it before. Only 22 (5.7%) participants had undergone Pap smear testing. A total of 182 (47.0%) participants believed that Pap smear test is a useful test and would undergo the test. Around 139 females (35.9%) will be allowing their daughters to get the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine. Interventions to increase cervical cancer knowledge are needed in Hail city in Saudi Arabia. In addition, further research is needed to understand and assess the effectiveness of different strategies to improve attitudes regarding cervical cancer, in order to increase the uptake of screening services.

Social Support for Exercise and Its Effect on Physical Activity Level among Female Teachers

Background: Determining the level of physical activity and factors in female teachers can be effective in planning health promotion interventions. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of physical activity and social factors affecting female teachers in Rafsanjan.
 Methods: in this descriptive study, the level of physical activity and the social factors were examined in 198 female high school teachers in Rafsanjan City in 2019. The International Short Form Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine physical activity levels. Sallis's social support questionnaire for exercise was used to determine the level of social support. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and chi-square and Spearman's correlation coefficient.
 Results: The level of physical activity in female teachers was lower than the recommended level so that only 34.3% had the minimum physical activity at the recommended level. In terms of intensity of physical activity, most physical activities were reported as walking. The physical activity of this group was not statistically significant based on age (p = 0.09), work experience (p = 0.70), level of education (p = 0.28), and income level (p = 0.082). Also, there was a significant correlation between all types of physical activity and social support in all aspects.
 Conclusion: Providing social support for exercise by family and friends has been identified as an effective physical activity factor. Therefore, it seems necessary to design educational programs to improve teachers' awareness and attitude, emphasizing the creation of a supportive environment by family, friends, and even related organizations.

Social Support for Exercise and Its Effect on Physical Activity Level among Female Teachers

Background: Determining the level of physical activity and factors in female teachers can be effective in planning health promotion interventions. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of physical activity and social factors affecting female teachers in Rafsanjan. Methods: in this descriptive study, the level of physical activity and the social factors were examined in 198 female high school teachers in Rafsanjan City in 2019. The International Short Form Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine physical activity levels. Sallis's social support questionnaire for exercise was used to determine the level of social support. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and chi-square and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: The level of physical activity in female teachers was lower than the recommended level so that only 34.3% had the minimum physical activity at the recommended level. In terms of intensity of physical activity, most physical activities were reported as walking. The physical activity of this group was not statistically significant based on age (p = 0.09), work experience (p = 0.70), level of education (p = 0.28), and income level (p = 0.082). Also, there was a significant correlation between all types of physical activity and social support in all aspects. Conclusion: Providing social support for exercise by family and friends has been identified as an effective physical activity factor. Therefore, it seems necessary to design educational programs to improve teachers' awareness and attitude, emphasizing the creation of a supportive environment by family, friends, and even related organizations.

Analysis of Mental Health and Wellbeing of High School Teachers and Its Effect on Emotional and Disciplinary Relationships of High School Students in Ilam

Introduction: Mental health is the prevention of minor behavioral disorders and problems and health promotion is the best form of mental health. The present study aimed to explore the mental health and mental well-being of high school teachers and its effectiveness in emotional and disciplinary relationships of high school students in Ilam, as these relationships are of great importance. Methods: This qualitative and phenomenological study was conducted on all male and female high school teachers in Ilam in the academic year 2018-2019. The participants in the research sample were 24 teachers from different high schools in the city who were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and open-ended written questions, and were analyzed through a coding procedure to extract main themes and subthemes related to the phenomenon under study based on previous studies in the literature. Results: Findings included 5 main themes of teachers 'mental health, positive change in students' behavior, attention to emotional and psychological dimension in disciplinary approaches, interaction between teachers and students and motivation was progress. Conclusion: Given the effect of teachers’ mental health on improving the quality of students' behaviors, psychologists and counselors can use sound mental health and educational models to improve learners' interaction and teach them how to relate to the family, thereby increasing student satisfaction and family cohesion.

A study of teacher effectiveness of secondary school teachers in relation to their gender, location and type of school

The purpose of this research paper is to obtain access to the teacher effectiveness of secondary school teachers in relation to their gender, location and type of school. For the conduct of the research, the survey approach was used. The Teacher Effectiveness Scale (2010) was created by Dr. Shallu Puri and Prof. S.C. Ghakhar to gather data from teachers in secondary schools. Samples of 130 secondary school teachers from the Jalandhar district of Punjab were randomly chosen for this research. To analyze the results, statistical techniques such as Mean, SD, and t-test were used. The result showed that at both stages of importance, there is no significant difference between female and male high school teachers. There is a significant difference between the effectiveness of urban and rural secondary school teachers at both levels, and there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of teachers among secondary school teachers with regard to the form of institution.

The reality of Educational Media in secondary education schools in the city of Riyadh: واقع التربية الإعلامية في مدارس التعليم الثانوي لتحفيظ القرآن الكريم في مدينة الرياض

The purpose of this research is to reveal the reality of media education in secondary education schools in Riyadh, from the teachers' point of view. To achieve the aims of the research, descriptive design and the questionnaire were used as a tool for research. It was distributed to a random sample of (30) female high school teachers was distributed in the city of Riyadh in the academic year 1440- 1441 AH. The results of the research showed: Obtaining the reality of media education in secondary education schools in the city of Riyadh at a total average of (2.77 out 3), With a degree (large), and at the level of fields; the field of the importance of teaching media education got the highest overall average of (2.85), followed by the field of obstacles to applying media education with an average of (2.78), and finally the field of media education concept with an average (2,67) All of them are (large), According to the results, proposals and Recommendations were presented to remove obstacles and awareness of the importance of teaching media education.

Gender Difference in Formative Assessment Knowledge of Senior High School Teachers in the Upper West Region of Ghana.

The study sought to investigate gender difference in formative assessment knowledge of Senior High School teachers in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The descriptive survey design was used in the study. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample of 295 senior high school teachers from a population of 1139 teachers. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data for the study and the gathered data was analysed using independent t-test. The findings of the study revealed a significant difference in the formative assessment knowledge of male and female senior high school teachers and that male senior high school teachers do better in their formative assessment knowledge than their female counterparts. Recommendations were made based on the organisation of seminars and workshops by educational stakeholders to enhance the formative assessment knowledge of senior high school teachers and especially female teachers. Keywords: Formative assessment knowledge, Senior high school teachers, Gender DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-6-08

Design and Validation of Stress Management Training Program for First-Grade Female High School Teachers in Shahriar City

Design and Validation of Stress Management Training Program for First-Grade Female High School Teachers in Shahriar City

Mental Health Status of High School Teachers

Education plays a very vital role in our life. Education is that which transforms a person to live a better life and even in a social well being. Education is the one that doing something positive in our near future. Education is conceived as a powerful agency, school education plays a great role in everyone’s life. The whole process of education is shaped by the human personality called the teacher, who plays a pivotal role in any system of education, teaching is considered as one of the oldest and noblest career .Teachers are the most powerful agents who influence the behavior of the students and therefore teachers should have emotional constancy as well as healthy approach towards life. Health of teacher, both physical and psychological ads to the efficiency of his/her work. The aim of this study was to analyze the mental health status of high school teachers. The main objectives were to assess the mental health status of male, female, urban, rural, Government, private, language and non- language teaching high school teachers. To realize the objectives and to test the hypotheses that was formulated. The highly standardized Mental Health Inventory (MHI) by Jagdish and Srivastava were used to assess the mental health status of teachers, a total sample of 130 male and female high school teachers of private and Government were selected .The data was analyzed using mean, Standard deviation, ‘t’- test and one way ANOVA. Results revealed that Government high school teachers’ mental health status is higher than private high school teachers; female school teachers’ mental health status is higher than the male school teachers. Urban high school teacher mental health status is higher than the rural high school teachers and non-language high school teacher’s mental health status is higher than the language high school teachers.

Study on Stress among Female High School Teachers of Haryana

Stress is unavoidable part of life due to increasing workload and complexities in daily life. Now-a-days the world is said to be world of achievement is a world of stress. Stress is anywhere and everywhere, weather it is in family, friends, business, institute or society. Right form birth to death, each and every individual exposed to stress. Each profession causes a specific level of stress. Teaching is also one of the stressful professions like many other professions. In the educational process, the female teachers in teaching profession have increased. A female high school teacher is usually burdened with multiple roles and responsibilities. Female teachers are more vulnerable to stress as stress is caused by many factors including poor working conditions, scarcity of resources, heavy workloads and lack of administrative and family support system. As a result of these stressful aspects of teaching, stress can have negative effects on teacher’s physical, emotional, behavioral and mental well being. The main objective of this paper is to work out stress among female high school teachers of Haryana. Researcher has made all attempts to critically examine the studies conducted in the field of stress.

Income Disparity as a Predictor of Happiness and Self-Esteem

Context: Researchers have studied extensively whether people with higher income are happier. But still there is a controversy among the researchers regarding the relationship between income and happiness. Few researchers have demonstrated a correlation between higher income and greater happiness (Clark, 2008 and Chicago Tribune, 2010). Whereas other found that happiness remained stagnant despite large increases in average real personal income. (Easterlin, 1974) 90 female high school teachers from private schools in Delhi and NCR were taken as a sample of the study. All the participants were equally divided into 3 groups on the basis of their income i.e. 15,000-20,000, 20,100 – 25,000 and 25,100 – 30,000 per month. Context: Researchers have studied extensively whether people with higher income are happier. But still there is a controversy among the researchers regarding the relationship between income and happiness. Few researchers have demonstrated a correlation between higher income and greater happiness (Clark, 2008 and Chicago Tribune, 2010). Whereas other found that happiness remained stagnant despite large increases in average real personal income. (Easterlin, 1974) 90 female high school teachers from private schools in Delhi and NCR were taken as a sample of the study. All the participants were equally divided into 3 groups on the basis of their income i.e. 15,000-20,000, 20,100 – 25,000 and 25,100 – 30,000 per month.

Challenges of Mediation Theory and Gender Differences in Iranian EFL Contexts

According to the Feuerstein mediation theory, a social mediator who monitors the process of interaction is required to facilitate the communication process and promote learning outcome (Dendrinos, 2006); however, researchers found that every language teaching context is unique and conducting this theory might face learners with some challenges; therefore, this study investigated the significance of mediation theory and gender difference in Iranian EFL context. To conduct the study, 86 teachers of Kashan high schools were chosen. To elicit the attitudes towards mediation theory between male and female high school teachers, Warren teacher mediation questionnaire (1995) was administered and to deepen the obtained data, interviews were conducted with ten teachers. The results of both quantitative and qualitative data have shown that conducting mediation theory in language teaching contexts needs some prerequisites that cannot be ready normally in every teaching environment. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that there is a general difference between male and female teachers in the order of mediation theory in Iranian EFL context.

English

The present paper aims to study the relationship between spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction among female high school teachers in Isfahan. It was a descriptive-correlation research. Population included all female high school teachers of Isfahan (2015) in academic year 2013-2014. Sample size calculated was 320 teachers by Krejcie and Morgan’s table and using multi stage random sampling method. Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression, and multivariate analysis of variance were used for data analysis. Evidence from this study showed that spiritual intelligence and some of its components creating personal meaning and transcendent consciousness have a significant relationship with job satisfaction. Regression results showed that transcendent consciousness is capable of predicting job satisfaction. Key words: Spiritual intelligence, job satisfaction, female teachers.

Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between Job Burnout and General Health of Male and Female High School Teachers in Zabol

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between general health and job burnout of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. The research followed a cross-correlational method. The statistical population included all male and female high school teachers in the academic year 2014 in Zabol. In this study, considering participants’ gender, stratified random sampling method was used. Data collecting was performed through applying the Maslach’s Burnout Inventory and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The content validity was checked and alpha coefficients for the variables of general health and job burnout were 0.92 and 0.81, respectively. In this research study, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and independent t-test were conducted to analyze the hypotheses using SPSS v.21. Results revealed that general health and its dimensions were significantly and positively correlated with job burnout of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. Additionally, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were significantly and negatively related to general health. Regarding the priority of the predictor variables of teachers’ general health, in the first step, emotional exhaustion, in the second step, depersonalization and in the third step, lack of personal accomplishment entered into the prediction model, these three variables together predicted 21% of variations in general health. Moreover, general health and job burnout were not significantly correlated in terms of gender.