Feeling Of Ownership Research Articles

Capturing the role of backers' psychological ownership for value-adding behaviours in reward-based crowdfunding

Backers' value-adding behaviours in crowdfunding are of great value for start-ups and significantly affect start-up success. However, despite this substantial impact, little is known about when and why backers engage in value-adding behaviours. Referring to the theory of psychological ownership, we investigate the role of backers' feelings of psychological ownership over the funded venture for their intentions to behave in an advantageous manner for that in the context of reward-based crowdfunding. Our results highlight that backers' psychological ownership has a significant and positive impact on backers' intention to engage in positive word-of-mouth and constructive feedback behaviour. According to our results, this relationship is fully mediated by backers' affective commitment.

Effects of Human Resource Training Practices on Employees’ Performance in Tanzania: A Case of Dar Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority

The study investigates the effects of human resources training practices on employees’ performance at Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority (DAWASA). Specifically, the study examined if employee’s engagement, motivation and job satisfaction have effects on employee’s performance at DAWASA. The study employed pragmatic philosophy with a mixed research approach and descriptive research design. Data were collected using questionnaire and interview guide. Analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings depicted that HR training practices enhance internal communication, enrich employees with decision making skills, increase employees’ commitment and participation/involvement in various issues increase employees’ capacity in meeting deadlines increase the feelings of ownership and handling of employees with care. Also, human resource training practices have found to motivate employees and increase performance as it boosts of employees, develop employee’s personality, reduce supervision level enhance employee’s pro-activeness, reduce absenteeism, increase ability to defend employer and lastly enhance organization image. Lastly on effects of job satisfaction on employee’s performance, the study conclude that Human Resource training practices enhance job satisfaction as it increases employee’s devotion time, team working, ability to cope with changes, ability to meet work standards, and reduced supervisors’ supervision. The study recommends the management of DAWASA to having enough budget and supportive policies for training issues. Secondly, there is a need of budget allocation by the government or authority to enable DAWASA to be able to acquire experts and trainers who will enable proper implementation of Human Resource training practices at all levels

NALAR HUKUM PRISMATIK DALAM KONTEKS HUKUM NASIONAL

Indonesia's rule of law is a combination of the rechtstaat concept and the rule of law. It can be seen from the side of law enforcement that emphasizes the importance of a just law of certainty and the importance of law efficacy. Other criteria state that Indonesian law isa crystallization of the source of pancasila law and the bill 45,combining the good elements of the concept of individualism and communality/collectivism that are accepted by pancasila, where personal rights are part of a feeling of personal ownership in the "just and lawful humanity" contest. And appreciate the cohesion in every joint of society's life reflected in the "union of Indonesia" scheme that soekarno clarified asa state of community on a principle of cooperation. This characteristic of Indonesia is what distinguishes legal systems from other countries. Hence the term pancasila law. When linked with the combining literature between more than one option at best, it is referred to as a prismatic choice and therefore as a prismatic law.

Owning It: Accountability and Citizens’ Ownership over Oil, Aid, and Taxes

Government accountability is severely lacking in many developing countries, yet we know relatively little about the causal dynamics that produce citizen demands for greater responsiveness. We argue that a sense of ownership over public money heightens expectations for government services and induces expressive demands for accountability, and we apply the new theory in sub-Saharan Africa. Results from a series of lab-in-the-field experiments in Uganda and Ghana and from a nationally representative survey-based field experiment in Uganda all demonstrate that higher feelings of ownership over public revenues significantly increase citizens’ accountability pressures on leaders. Furthermore, simple interventions can significantly increase feelings of revenue ownership over oil and aid windfalls, producing demands for accountability indistinguishable from taxes.

The roles of team identification and psychological ownership in fans’ intentions to purchase team-licensed and a sponsor’s products: the case of FC Barcelona members

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between points of attachment and participative decision-making, on the one hand, and team identification and psychological ownership, on the other. It also analyses how team identification and psychological ownership explain intentions to purchase team-licensed sports merchandise and the main sponsor’s sports-apparel products. Data were collected from members of FC Barcelona, who are also season-ticket holders, by means of an online survey (n = 1180). Partial least squares is used to test and validate the proposed theoretical model. The results indicate that players, fans and nation-attachment explain team identification and psychological ownership, whereas soccer only affects team identification. Participative decision-making strongly influences psychological ownership, which is in turn positively affected by team identification. Findings also reveal that the intentions to purchase team-licensed sports merchandise and the main sponsor’s sports-apparel products are better explained by members’ psychological ownership than by team identification. Managerial implications, such as the need to improve feelings of psychological ownership in the club’s promotional activities and to continue to strengthen the other professional sports sections are discussed.

Perceptual illusion of body-ownership within an immersive realistic environment enhances memory accuracy and re-experiencing

SummaryOur bodies provide a necessary scaffold for memories of past events. Yet, we are just beginning to understand how feelings of one's own body during the encoding of realistic events shape memory. Participants formed memories for immersive, lifelike events by watching pre-recorded 3D videos that involved a first-person view of a mannequin's body through head mounted displays. We manipulated feelings of body ownership over the mannequin using a perceptual full-body illusion. Participants completed cued recall questions and subjective ratings (i.e., degree of reliving, emotional intensity, vividness, and belief in memory accuracy) for each video immediately following encoding and one week later. Sensing the mannequin's body as one's own during encoding enhanced the following factors: memory accuracy across testing points, immediate reliving, delayed emotional intensity, vividness, and belief in memory accuracy. These findings demonstrate that a basic sense of bodily selfhood provides a crucial foundation for the accurate reliving of the past.

Feeling of Ownership over an Embodied Avatar's Hand Brings About Fast Changes of Fronto-Parietal Cortical Dynamics.

When we look at our body parts, we are immediately aware that they belong to us and we rarely doubt about the integrity, continuity, and sense of ownership of our body. Despite this certainty, immersive virtual reality (IVR) may lead to a strong feeling of embodiment over an artificial body part seen from a first-person perspective (1PP). Although such feeling of ownership (FO) has been described in different situations, it is not yet understood how this phenomenon is generated at neural level. To track the real-time brain dynamics associated with FO, we delivered transcranial magnetic stimuli over the hand region in the primary motor cortex (M1) and simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in 19 healthy volunteers (11 male/8 female) watching IVR renderings of anatomically plausible (full-limb) versus implausible (hand disconnected from the forearm) virtual limbs. Our data show that embodying a virtual hand is temporally associated with a rapid drop of cortical activity of the onlookers' hand region in the M1 contralateral to the observed hand. Spatiotemporal analysis shows that embodying the avatar's hand is also associated with fast changes of activity within an interconnected fronto-parietal circuit ipsilateral to the brain stimulation. Specifically, an immediate reduction of connectivity with the premotor area is paralleled by an enhancement in the connectivity with the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) which is related to the strength of ownership illusion ratings and thus likely reflects conscious feelings of embodiment. Our results suggest that changes of bodily representations are underpinned by a dynamic cross talk within a highly-plastic, fronto-parietal network.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Observing an avatar's body part from a first-person perspective (1PP) induces an illusory embodiment over it. What remains unknown are the cortical dynamics underpinning the embodiment of artificial agents. To shed light on the physiological mechanisms of embodiment we used a novel approach that combines noninvasive stimulation of the cortical motor-hand area and whole-scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in people observing an embodied artificial limb. We found that just before the illusion started, there is a decrease of activity of the motor-hand area accompanied by an increase of connectivity with the parietal region ipsilateral to the stimulation that reflects the ratings of the embodiment illusion. Our results suggest that changes of bodily representations are underpinned by a dynamic cross talk within a fronto-parietal circuit.

Teachers’ feelings of curriculum ownership: the Estonian case

ABSTRACT The post-Soviet transition agenda in the Baltic states included changing the role of teachers from passive recipients of top-down orders to active curriculum developers who feel ownership over curriculum decision-making. Recent studies have seriously questioned the achievement of this goal. In this article, we aim to elucidate Estonian schoolteachers’ feelings of curriculum ownership as expressed in a questionnaire that asked about their role as curriculum developers and curriculum users. We found that most of the respondents did not express feelings of curriculum ownership. We will discuss the potential reasons for this finding and the implications for further enhancing teachers’ curriculum ownership.

Internal Control Components and Fraud Prevention in Public Institutions in Rwanda A Case of Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA)

Public institutions in Rwanda face problems while preventing fraudulent activities due inefficient internal control systems in terms of control environment such as reliability and moral standards, the ability of staff, administration’s viewpoint, working styles and allocation of resources and tasks; control activities and monitoring activities. Due to persistence of fraudulent activities and inefficient internal control of RRA has only managed to recover only 13% of over 3.4 billion defrauded by companies due to poor setting of EBM. Hence, this study aims at investigating the contribution of internal control on fraud prevention in public institutions in Rwanda with specific consideration of RRA. The research design of this study was descriptive research design whereby the target population of this study comprised all 1412 employees of RRA. Researcher used sample size of 93 respondents who were determined using Yamane method and stratified sampling techniques. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data from the field. Data analysis was done using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics; derived with the help of SPSS 21.0 versions. The results of the study have revealed that overall mean of 1.966 implied that control environment helps in prevention of fraud in RRA to a very great extent. The overall mean of 4.445 tending to strongly disagree which imply that the employees of RRA strongly disagreed that they met control environment related challenges while preventing fraud in RRA. The overall mean of 1.310 implied that control environment practices enhance fraud prevention in RRA. The overall mean of 1.347 implied that control activities play a significant role in prevention of fraud in RRA. The overall mean of 4.404 implied that employees of RRA strongly disagreed that management issues need serious control activities in fraud prevention. The overall mean of 2.104 implies that monitoring activities affect fraud prevention to a great extent in RRA. The results of the study have revealed that there is a relationship between internal control and fraud prevention because the calculated significance level between the indicators has significance level which is lesser than 0.01 and positive Pearson correlation. For instance there is a positive correlation between control environment and Fraud awareness (p=.792 and sig=.000), between monitoring activities and fraud risk assessment (p=.878 and sig=.000), between fraud risk assessment and control environment (p=.867 and sig=.000), and between control activities and Fraud awareness (p=.735 and sig=.000). Basing on the findings of the study, the researcher would like to recommend the government to ensure that RRA has all the necessary tools to detect and prevent fraud before happening because it ruins the economy of the country. Rwanda revenue authority should create positive workplace environment by allowing employees to provide input in the development and updating of the code of conduct to foster loyalty and feelings of ownership. The taxpayers should be taught how to comply with rules and regulations concerning tax, demanding EBM invoices on purchases and issuing EMB invoices on sales in order to avoid fraudulent activities. In conclusion, the internal control system components have a positive and significant impact on fraud prevention in RRA.

“You Remember Those Days”—A Qualitative Study of Resident Surgeon Responses to Complications and Deaths

Postoperative complications and deaths are unavoidable aspects of a surgical career, but little is known about the impacts of these unwanted outcomes on resident surgeons. The goal of this study was to characterize the impact of complications and deaths on surgery residents in order to facilitate development of improved support systems. This qualitative study was designed to explore resident surgeons' experiences with unwanted outcomes, including postoperative complications and death. Semi-structured interviews explored a range of topics related to personal experiences with unwanted outcomes. Analyses of interview transcripts were performed iteratively and informed by thematic analysis. An anthropologist at the University of Michigan conducted interviews with general surgery residents from academic, community, and hybrid training programs across the country. Twenty-eight mid-level and senior residents (PGY3 and above) were recruited for participation from 14 different training programs across the United States. Resident surgeons described an initial period of emotional response, characterized by feelings of sadness, frustration, or grief. Simultaneously or soon afterward, interviewees described a period of intellectual response aimed at understanding how and why an outcome occurred, with the expressed goal of learning from it. Many residents described impacts to their personal lives. Several factors that influenced the duration and intensity of these responses were identified, including a sense of ownership, which was a powerful driver for improvement. This qualitative study provides a nuanced description of resident surgeons' responses to unwanted outcomes. While emotional responses were characterized by strong feelings, such as sadness and grief, intellectual responses were focused on learning from the events. These data may help inform the development of structured support systems by residency programs. Facing post-operative complications and deaths is an unavoidable aspect of surgical training, but the impacts on surgery residents has not been well characterized. Through semi-structured interviews with general surgery residents from programs across the United States, this qualitative study explored the ways that residents respond to unwanted outcomes. Residents described an initial period of emotional response, characterized by strong feelings, often of sadness or grief. There was a subsequent or concomitant period of intellectual response, in which residents examined how and why this outcome occurred, with the goal of learning from it. A feeling of ownership was strengthened by involvement in patient care and length of rotation. In light of this detailed description of resident experiences, residency programs can foster the development of improved support for trainees as they navigate these profoundly impactful events.

Safety climate and occupational safety behaviours: the mediating role of psychological ownership among construction professionals

PurposeEncouraging employee's safety behaviour remains a challenge in the construction industry from developing countries. Several studies have examined the nexus between safety climate and safety behaviour. This paper investigates the psychological ownership as a mediator in the relationship between safety climate and occupational safety behaviours among construction professionals in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional design was used for the study. Two hundred and eighty-two respondents (282) took part in the study by completing an online survey. The respondents were selected using a convenience sample technique. Data were processed using IBM SPSS version 21. The results were analysed using PLS-SEM.FindingsResults of the study reveal that safety climate positively predicts construction professional's safety behaviour and psychological ownership. Furthermore, psychological ownership was found to (1) predict occupational safety behaviour and (2) mediate the nexus of safety climate and occupational safety behaviour.Practical implicationsManagers should continuously implement far-reaching policies that would promote healthy workplace safety climate and feeling of ownership among construction professionals.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the pioneers to have tested a model including safety climate, occupational safety behaviour and psychological ownership in a constructional profession.

Visualizing DEPICT: A Multistep Model for Participatory Analysis in Photovoice Research for Social Change.

As a critical narrative intervention, photovoice invites community members to use photography to identify, document, and discuss issues in their communities. The method is often employed with projects that have a social change mandate. Photovoice may help participants express issues that are difficult to articulate, create tangible and meaningful research products for communities, and increase feelings of ownership. Despite being hailed as a promising participatory method, models for how to integrate diverse stakeholders feasibly, collaboratively, and rigorously into the analytic process are rare. The DEPICT model, originally developed to collaboratively analyze textual data, enhances rigor by including multiple stakeholders in the analysis process. We share lessons learned from Picturing Participation, a photovoice project exploring engagement in the HIV sector, to describe how we adapted DEPICT to collaboratively analyze participant-generated images and narratives across multiple sites. We highlight the following stages: dynamic reading, engaged codebook development, participatory coding, inclusive reviewing and summarizing of categories, and collaborative analysis and translation, and we discuss how participatory analysis is compatible with creative, interactive dissemination outputs such as exhibitions, presentations, and workshops. The benefits of Visualizing DEPICT include feelings of increased ownership by community researchers and participants, enhanced rigor, and sophisticated knowledge translation approaches that honor multiple forms of knowing and community leadership. The potential challenges include navigating team capacity and resources, transparency and confidentiality, power dynamics, data overload, and streamlining “messy” analytic processes without losing complexity or involvement. Throughout, we offer recommendations for designing participatory visual analysis processes that are connected to critical narrative intervention and social change aims.

The relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. Moderated mediation roles of psychological ownership and belief in just world

Purpose This study aims to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of psychological ownership and belief in just world in the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from 183 lecturers who teach in an Indonesian university. The questionnaires covered transformational leadership, psychological ownership, belief in just world and work engagement. The collected data were examined with structural equation model analysis. Findings The results demonstrated a significant moderated mediation index, which indicated that the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement is mediated by psychological ownership and is moderated by belief in just world. Practical implications To achieve higher work engagement, organizations should increase employees’ feelings of ownership and boost just world belief. Originality/value The present study offers new insight on how personality trait plays a moderating role in the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement.

“My place is your place” ‐ Understanding how psychological ownership influences peer‐to‐peer service experiences

AbstractThis study aims to contribute to the growing literature on peer‐to‐peer services by investigating the relationships among three relevant aspects of such services, namely customers' identification with service providers, customers' feelings of psychological ownership toward the service setting (i.e., the providers' resources), and customers' interaction with service providers. Two empirical studies that investigate real peer‐to‐peer hospitality service experiences demonstrate that identification with service providers engenders a sense of psychological ownership of the service setting, which, in turn, enhances customers' attitudinal and behavioral loyalty. Notably, this effect occurs only when customers engage in cooperative interactions with their service providers.

Closing the climb: refusal or reconciliation in Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park?

ABSTRACT The Uluru Climb, located within Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia, was permanently closed to tourists on the 26 October 2019 after decades of controversy. Determined by a unanimous vote of the Anangu majority Board of Management, news of the Climb’s closure quickly captured popular, political and media attention, not all of which was positive. Drawing on two periods of fieldwork – the first in November 2012 (n = 68 interviewees) and the second in May 2019 (n = 62 interviewees) – this paper discusses visitor responses to the Climb both in terms of the ongoing coloniality evident in discourses of nationalism and individual rights and the possibility of the transformation of such views via a range of emotional and affective engagements. We highlight the prevalence of feelings of ownership, empathy and shame in the deployment of a range of views on the Climb and other cultural restrictions, as well as their political implications in the context of contemporary Australian settler-colonialism. In so doing, we position an ethic of relationality as key to the mobilisation of feelings, emotions and affects necessary to transform the outlook of visitors in the context of ongoing reconciliation debates between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians.

Monochannel Preference in Autism Spectrum Conditions Revealed by a Non-Visual Variant of Rubber Hand Illusion

Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are less susceptible to multisensory delusions, such as rubber hand illusion (RHI). Here, we investigate whether a monochannel variant of RHI is more effective in inducing an illusory feeling of ownership in ASC. To this aim, we exploit a non-visual variant of the RHI that, excluding vision, leverages only on the somatosensory channel. While the visual-tactile RHI does not alter the perceived hand position in ASC individuals, the tacto-tactile RHI effectively modulates proprioception to a similar extent as that found in typical development individuals. These findings suggest a more effective integration of multiple inputs originating from the same sensory channel in ASC, revealing a monochannel preference in this population.

Sustained rubber hand illusion after the end of visuotactile stimulation with a similar time course for the reduction of subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift

The rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion in which participants experience an inanimate rubber hand as their own when they observe this model hand being stroked in synchrony with strokes applied to the person’s real hand, which is hidden. Earlier studies have focused on the factors that determine the elicitation of this illusion, the relative contribution of vision, touch and other sensory modalities involved and the best ways to quantify this perceptual phenomenon. Questionnaires serve to assess the subjective feeling of ownership, whereas proprioceptive drift is a measure of the recalibration of hand position sense towards the rubber hand when the illusion is induced. Proprioceptive drift has been widely used and thought of as an objective measure of the illusion, although the relationship between this measure and the subjective illusion is not fully understood. Here, we examined how long the illusion is maintained after the synchronous visuotactile stimulation stops with the specific aim of clarifying the temporal relationship in the reduction of both subjective ownership and proprioceptive drift. Our results show that both the feeling of ownership and proprioceptive drift are sustained for tens of seconds after visuotactile stroking has ceased. Furthermore, our results indicate that the reduction of proprioceptive drift and the feeling of ownership follow similar time courses in their reduction, suggesting that the two phenomena are temporally correlated. Collectively, these findings help us better understand the relationships of multisensory stimulation, subjective ownership, and proprioceptive drift in the rubber hand illusion.

Special Attention to the Self: a Mechanistic Model of Patient RB’s Lost Feeling of Ownership

Patient RB has a peculiar memory impairment wherein he experiences his memories in rich contextual detail, but claims to not own them. His memories do not feel as if they happened to him. In this paper, I provide an explanatory model of RB’s phenomenology, the self-attentional model. I draw upon recent work in neuroscience on self-attentional processing and global workspace models of conscious recollection to show that RB has a self-attentional deficit that inhibits self-bias processes in broadcasting the contents of episodic memories to the global workspace. Typically, self-related contents enjoy a higher salience level than other-related contents. Elimination of bias toward self-related contents diminishes the salience of those contents to the level of other-related contents. Because the typical high salience of self-related content is necessary for the feeling of ownership, RB lacks the feeling of ownership. I also discuss potential applications of the self-attentional model to other psychopathological cases.

The benchmark framework and exploratory study to investigate the feasibility of 360-degree video-based virtual reality to induce a full body illusion

The feeling of ownership of a virtual body has been a topic of interest in recent years. In order to observe the mechanisms involved in the perception of the body illusion and its manipulation, the use of virtual reality (VR) has been essential. Various technical VR set-ups have been adopted by different authors to induce the sense of embodiment. Recently, 360-degree technology camera emerged as an innovative instrument to generate an immersive experience, with positive results in terms of involvement with the scenario. The current study aims to test the feasibility of the 360-degree video-based VR to induce a full body illusion. To do this, we evaluated two different groups receiving different levels of immersion: a 3D immersive video and a 2D non-immersive video. Self-reported sense of embodiment and heart rate variability (HRV) measures were analyzed. The results of the embodiment questionnaire showed that the immersive condition can trigger a full body illusion, with significant differences between the 3D and 2D conditions (ownership: p = .003, agency: p = .000, location: p = .013, haptic sensation: p = .027). No difference was found on the Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD) index—the beat-to-beat variance of the heart rate—of the HRV measure (first 90 s: p = .168, last 90 s: p = .401). Based on these results, future studies are needed to investigate the 360-degree video-based VR technology as a medium to generate the sense of embodiment.

Landownership as a socio-psychological phenomenon: Exploration of the owner-land relationship

ABSTRACT Land fragmentation and conversion compromise the integrity of the privately-owned landscape nationwide. Landowners’ choices and actions play a critical role in these dynamics. To better understand these individuals’ land-management behaviors, this phenomenological study used the theory of psychological ownership to explore landowners’ lived experiences with their properties. We conducted nine semi-structured interviews with landowners holding properties in the Hill Country region of Texas, the leading state in the loss of agricultural land. Our results showed that the owner-land relationship extends beyond feelings of psychological ownership by embracing a combination of human-centered and nature-centered philosophies. With the current study, we expand the understanding of socio-psychological dimensions of landownership by providing a detailed examination of landowners’ personal contexts, experiences, conservation views, and other factors associated with owning land. We conclude by providing a definition of landownership as a socio-psychological phenomenon.