Feed Technology Research Articles

The Effect of Hot Water Scarification Duration on Germination and Growth of Indigofera zollingeriana Seeds

Indigofera zollingeriana is a type of leguminous plant that is excellent for cultivation as forage for ruminant livestock such as cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep. This study aims to determine the effect of the duration of hot water scarification on the germination of Indigofera zollingeriana seeds. The research was conducted at the Livestock Feed Technology Laboratory of the State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang. The study was carried out for 2 weeks using a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely P0: without hot water scarification, P1: hot water scarification at 65°C for 30 minutes, P2: hot water scarification at 65°C for 60 minutes, and P3: hot water scarification at 65°C for 90 minutes. The variables measured in this study were germination percentage, mean daily germination, and seedling height. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and if there was a significant effect, it was followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that the effect of scarification of Indigofera zollingeriana seeds with hot water at 65°C for different durations significantly affected the parameters of germination percentage and mean daily germination, with the treatment without scarification providing the best results. This could be due to the prolonged duration of soaking, which caused the seeds to experience heat stress. As for the seedling height parameter, the treatment did not have a significant effect. Therefore, hot water scarification with excessively long durations is not recommended as a strategy to promote germination and growth of these seeds.

Simulation analysis of micro-explosion during emulsification feeding of residue fluidized catalytic cracking

Residue Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) is one of the key processes to convert heavy oil into light products in refineries. The fast and sufficient vaporization of the feedstock in the FCC riser reactor can promote the catalytic cracking reaction and is beneficial for increasing the yield of light products and decreasing the yield of coke. However, fast vaporization of residue oil is extremely challenging due to its high density and viscosity. Recently, emulsified feeding technology is seen as a potential method that can effectively enhance the vaporization of RFCC feedstock. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed in order to reveal the micro-explosion mechanism of emulsion droplet in the riser reactor. The CFD model was validated against experimental results from literature. The model was used to study micro-explosion of emulsified droplets in the gas phase and at the catalyst particle surface separately. It was found that due to the micro-explosion of emulsion oil droplets in producing large number of tiny droplets, the secondary atomization of droplets can be realized. In the gas phase, the interfacial area of emulsion droplet can be improved by 5 to 15 times. At the catalyst surface, the percentage of liquid film coverage was reduced by 32.6 %, and the droplet diameter was reduced by 92 % for the emulsified feeding technology. These results indicate that the vaporization efficiency of the residual oil can be greatly improved by this technology.

Stationary milking conveyor MCT-50

The examples of the using of developments of domestic scientists are given in the article. The characteristic of stationary milking conveyor is given. The advantage of conveyor-line milking installations in comparison with the installations, where the milking machine tools are fi xed, is shown. It is noted, that the conveyor-line technologies of feeding and milking are energy-saving and serve as production-engineering base for creating the automated farms.

Рост и развитие бычков лимузинской породы различных генотипов в постнатальном онтогенезе

The purpose of research is to study the growth and development of Limousin bulls of various genotypes in postnatal ontogenesis. Objectives: to study of weight growth, absolute, average daily gains in live weight and relative growth rate of young animals by age periods and for the entire period of growing and fattening; to study of the linear growth of bulls in postnatal ontogenesis based on the dynamics of body measurements and body composition indices. The objects of the study are bulls of the Limousin breed of various genotypes obtained from the mating of cows of French, Australian and local selection with bulls of local reproduction. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out in 2021–2022 at LLC Meat Union of Bashkir Producers, located in the Kuyurgazinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Indicators of live weight dynamics, live weight gain, relative growth rate, body measurements and body composition indices in the age aspect were studied. Research of the weight growth of young animals of various genotypes made it possible to identify significant differences in terms of absolute and average daily gain in live weight for the entire period of growing and fattening between bulls of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, respectively, by 32.5 kg and 59.7 g (in both cases – by 6.2 %). The highest values of measurements, indicating the formation of meat qualities and body shape, were noted in bulls of the 1st group compared with peers of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. Breeding animals for a long period under different housing and feeding technologies influences the characteristics of the growth and development of the descendants of local reproduction of Limousin breed cattle.

111 Current and future usage of soybean meal in swine diets in China

Abstract The objective of this presentation was to introduce the utilization tendency and research progress of soybean meal (SBM) in swine diets in China. As for the utilization tendency of SBM in China, it not only brings great pressure to the food security of China, but also directly pushes the high production cost of animal products. In 2022, 117 million tons of protein feed was consumed by the animal husbandry in China, accounting for nearly 1/3 of the total protein feed consumption in the world. Thus, the application of low-protein diet has been promoted with the strong support of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in China since 2018. With the related techniques, including popularizing low protein diet, developing new protein feed resources, promoting precise nutrition, and feeding technology, even though the compound feed output has increased by more than 84 million tons in 2022 in China, the SBM consumption in feed has reduced 6%. Recently, the geopolitical challenges, regional unrest and climate change tendency have increased the great uncertainty of protein feed supply, which requires us to deeply understand the significance of SBM reduction and substitution in animal feed. As for the research progress, the available energy contents of SBM were determined on growing pigs. Barrows [n = 24; initial body weight (BW) = 36 ± 1.4 kg] were randomly allotted to 4 diets containing SBM with either corn basal or corn-soybean meal basal, and total feces and urine collection method and indirect calorimetry method were used to determine the available energy of SBM. The results showed that the average digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy (NE), and retained energy (RE) values in SBM [17.36, 16.52, 10.62, and 5.06 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), respectively] determined using the corn-SBM-basal diet were not different from the those determined using the corn-basal diet. Moreover, the best fitted prediction equations developed based on 22 SBM samples produced from soybeans from China (n = 6), USA (n = 6), Brazil (n = 7) or Argentina (n = 3) were: DE = 38.44 - 0.43 CF - 0.98 GE + 0.11 ADF (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.01) and ME = 2.74 + 0.97 DE - 0.06 CP (R2 = 0.79, P < 0.01). The in vitro digestion kinetics of SBM from different sources showed that the release of amino acids in the 0-10 min time interval was significantly negatively correlated with the NE of SBM (R2 = -0.34).

Feeding Appropriate Nutrients during the Adult Stage to Promote the Growth and Development of Carposina sasakii Offspring.

Nutrients consumed during the adult stage are a key factor affecting the growth, development, and reproduction of insect offspring and thus could play an important role in insect population research. However, there is absence of conclusive evidence regarding the direct effects of parental (F0) nutritional status on offspring (F1) fitness in insects. Carposina sasakii Matsumura is a serious, widespread fruit-boring pest that negatively impacts orchards and the agricultural economy across East Asia. In this study, life history data of F1 directly descended from F0C. sasakii fed with seven different nutrients (water as control, 5 g·L-1 honey solution, 10 g·L-1 honey solution, 5 g·L-1 sucrose solution, 10 g·L-1 sucrose solution, 15 g·L-1 sucrose solution, and 20 g·L-1 sucrose solution) were collected under laboratory conditions. The growth and development indices, age-stage specific survival rate, age-stage specific fecundity, age-stage specific life expectancy, age-stage specific reproductive value, and population parameters of these offspring were analyzed according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the nutritional status of F0 differentially affects the growth, development, and reproduction of F1. The F1 offspring of F0 adult C. sasakii fed with 10 g·L-1 sucrose had significantly higher life table parameters than those of other treatments (intrinsic rate of increase, r = 0.0615 ± 0.0076; finite rate of increase, λ = 1.0634 ± 0.0081; net reproductive rate, R0 = 12.61 ± 3.57); thus, 10 g·L-1 sucrose was more suitable for raising C. sasakii in the laboratory than other treatments. This study not only provides clear evidence for the implications of altering F0 nutritional conditions on the fitness of F1 in insects, but also lays the foundation for the implementation of feeding technologies within the context of a well-conceived laboratory rearing strategy for C. sasakii.

Using sentinel-2 satellite images and machine learning algorithms to predict tropical pasture forage mass, crude protein, and fiber content.

Grasslands cover approximately 24% of the Earth's surface and are the main feed source for cattle and other ruminants. Sustainable and efficient grazing systems require regular monitoring of the quantity and nutritive value of pastures. This study demonstrates the potential of estimating pasture leaf forage mass (FM), crude protein (CP) and fiber content of tropical pastures using Sentinel-2 satellite images and machine learning algorithms. Field datasets and satellite images were assessed from an experimental area of Marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha sny. Brachiaria brizantha) pastures, with or without nitrogen fertilization, and managed under continuous stocking during the pasture growing season from 2016 to 2020. Models based on support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF) machine-learning algorithms were developed using meteorological data, spectral reflectance, and vegetation indices (VI) as input features. In general, SVR slightly outperformed the RF models. The best predictive models to estimate FM were those with VI combined with meteorological data. For CP and fiber content, the best predictions were achieved using a combination of spectral bands and meteorological data, resulting in R2 of 0.66 and 0.57, and RMSPE of 0.03 and 0.04g/g dry matter. Our results have promising potential to improve precision feeding technologies and decision support tools for efficient grazing management.

Impact and adoption of feed technologies at Nharira-Lancashire Dairy Scheme

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the impact and adoption of nutrition technologies and their effect on milk production at the Nharira-Lancashire dairy scheme. Sixty households (30 from each scheme) were randomly selected and interviewed by use of a semi-structured questionnaire. Fisher’s exact and Monte Carlo tests were carried out to determine the association between farmer experience and feed technology. Logistic regression was used to rank farmers’ awareness and adoption of feed technologies. The results indicated that farmers have been exposed to at least five new feed technologies and adoption is influenced by education status, sex, age and gender of household head (P < 0.05). Feed technology adoption was in the order: silage 70.83% > sunflower cake 41.66% > legume reinforcement 27.1% > legume trees 16.66% > napier fodder 8.33% > urea treatment 4.17%. Milk yield was affected by month and year (P < 0.05). The impact of adoption was below anticipation, as indicated by lack of economic surpluses. A cost-benefit analysis needs to be carried out for all feed technologies within the study area to streamline viable options.

Optical and Thermal Properties of 2-inch Nd3+, Mg2+ Co-doped Near Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Crystal

The physical properties of near stoichiometric lithium niobate crystals (NSLN) can be improved by adding magnesium. For example, the light damage threshold of NSLN crystals mixed with a small amount of magnesium ions is higher than that of congruent lithium niobate (CLN) crystals mixed with high magnesium [1]. However, the current difficulties also lie in the deviation of SLN crystals from the congruent point, difficulty in growth, size limitation and uneven doping. SLN crystals are still not commercially available, and the size of the crystals is limited to two inches. We use the partial liquid phase method to synthesize polycrystalline materials of co-doped SLN crystals, and successfully solve the problem of uneven doping. The adjustment of process parameters and the use of continuous feeding technology greatly improved the success rate of SLN crystal growth. Then we characterized the grown NSLN crystal on optical and thermal properties.

From Field to Feed trough: Examining the Drivers of Feed and Fodder Technologies Uptake among Pastoral Beef Farmers in Kenya

Adoption of technologies and effective management practices in the pastoral beef systems are necessary for improved productivity and resilient agricultural systems. This study examined the factors influencing the adoption of Technology Innovations and Management Practices (TIMPs) among pastoral beef farmers in Isiolo and Kajiado counties. Employing a cross-sectional approach and utilizing the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURe) model, the research explores the intricate dynamics that shape farmers' decisions regarding three key TIMPs; planted fodder, feed supplementation, and fodder conservation. Using a systematic sampling technique, a sample size of 619 pastoral farmers was adopted. This research seeks to uncover the underlying motivations and barriers, understanding the complex relationships between resource accessibility, socio-economic considerations, and the role of extension services in facilitating technology adoption. The research underscores the importance of addressing specific barriers, including limited access to resources and socio-economic constraints faced by these farmers. The evidence-based strategies derived from this research paves the way for scientifically informed interventions to propel the livestock sector in Kenya towards a sustainable future. The study's recommendations emphasize the need for targeted policies that prioritize market accessibility, technology awareness and information access, thus effectively supporting the adoption of TIMPs among pastoral beef farmers. Implementing these recommendations contributes to strengthening of resilience of the livestock sector and the advancement of sustainable agricultural practices in Kenya.

Coal conversion to SNG: Thermochemical insights through kinetic-free modeling in entrained flow gasifier

In this study, a kinetic-free thermodynamic equilibrium model consisting of five units was developed to predict SNG production via coal gasification, using two distinct feeding technologies (SFT and DFT) and two coal ranks (BT and BL) in an entrained flow gasifier using Aspen Plus (V10), and comparing results with empirical data. The alignment between simulation outcomes and experimental observations is verified, and analysis of various parameters' impacts on product gas composition and yield is conducted. Sensitivity analysis reveals consistent trends across different coal ranks. The O2/coal ratio emerged as a key factor, demonstrating notable effects on syngas composition and yield. Specifically, increasing the O2/coal ratio from 0.3 to 1.0 enhanced H2 and CO2 proportions in the syngas which are beneficial for SNG production, as hydrogen is a key component for SNG. Elevating the O2/Coal ratio from 0.2 to 0.6 (optimal) favors CGE, facilitating high-quality syngas production. Additionally, increasing the CO2 flow rate up to 3 ton/hr improves the HHV of syngas, beyond which HHV declines. Raising the W/C ratio from 0.3 to 1.0 leads to decreased HHV for BL and BT coal. Additionally, increasing the W/C ratio from 0.3 to 1.0 decreases HHV. Therefore, it is crucial to undergo the production of SNG within the optimal ranges, and these findings provide crucial insights into optimizing gasification parameters for enhanced syngas production across various feed technologies and coal types to produce desired syngas results.

Biological method of apple trees protection against scamb (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint.) in the conditions of Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine

It was established that the investigated systems of biological protection of apple trees in the conditions of Precarpathian province of Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine in 2016–2020 showed high effectiveness against apple scab. The highest efficiency was obtained when using protection system No. 4 (Fit Doctor, p., Haubsyn, p. and Trikhodormin, p. and MAStech nutrition technology): the effectiveness against scab on apple leaves was on average 71.6% and against scab on fruits — 73.5%. The biological protection system of apple tree No. 1 (four application of Planryz, vs.) showed 65.7% effectiveness against scab on leaves and 62.7% against scab on fruits. When using the biological protection system No. 2 (four times application of Planryz, vs. and immunoprotect or Bai-Si), the effectiveness against scab on apple leaves was on average 67.2% and against scab on fruits — 66.7%. When using the biological protection system No. 3 (four-time application of Planryz, vs. and Stoller feeding technology), the effectiveness against scab on apple leaves was on average 70.1% and against scab on fruits — 72.5%. The yield of apple fruits when using the biological protection system No. 1 in 2016–2020 averaged 17.1 t/ha, when using the biological protection system No. 2 it was 17.5 t/ha, when using the biological protection system No. 3 the yield was level of 18.3 t/ha and for the use of biological protection system No. 4 — 18.1 t/ha. When applying the biological protection system No. 1 in 2016–2020, they received an average profitability of 322.1% and the income from its use was UAH 6,410.0 from ha. From the application of system No. 2, we received conditional net income in the amount of UAH 8,110.0 from ha and profitability of 262.5%. By using system No. 3, conditional net income was obtained in the amount of UAH 10,932.0 from ha and the profitability of protective measures when using it was 186.3%. When applying the biological system No. 4, they obtained a profitability of 69.2% and an income from its use of UAH 6,300.0 from ha.

Effectiveness of Automatic Feeder in Catfish Cultivation (Clarias gariepinus) with Biofloc System

Catfish is a popular fish species in the community and is cultivated by many people. Catfish are considered superior to other freshwater fish. One system that can improve catfish quality and ability is the biofloc system. Biofloc system is considered more effective compared to other systems because it increases the productivity of cultivated fish. Unfortunately, cultivation in general is considered a traditional system that only uses manpower to do all activities such as feeding. One application of feeding technology is automated feeding machines. This research is aimed to determine the effectiveness of the automatic feeder on catfish cultivation with biofloc system. The research method was experimental and compared 2 treatments, which were A (biofloc without an automatic feeder) and B (biofloc with an automatic feeder). Fish samples used were 5-7 cm in size and reared for 44 days at the cultivation pond of Marine and Fisheries Faculty, Udayana University. The results of this research are SGR, FCR, and SR. Based on the results, treatment B had better SGR (3.37%), FCR (2.03) and SR (45%) compared to treatment A. The conclusion of this research is the usage of automatic feeder in catfish cultivation with biofloc system has better results than without the usage of automatic feeder.

Adoption of dairy feed technology and its impact on smallholder farmers' income and poverty in Kenya's south-western region

In south-western Kenya, smallholder dairy farmers use pasture to produce milk from lactating cows, and pasture-based diets are generally less nutritious and yield less milk than improved dairy feed. However, no empirical studies have examined how improved dairy feed technologies affect smallholder dairy farmers' households' welfare or the factors that influence their adoption intensity. Using a double-hurdle model, this study examined the factors affecting and extent of adoption of improved dairy feed, a homemade ration for dairy cattle among 789 smallholder dairy farmers in Bomet county in the south-west region of Kenya, and homemade rations are formulated from feed resources that are readily available on the farm or that can be purchased at a cheap price. In addition, using the propensity score matching (PSM) method, the study examined the causal effects of improved dairy feed on milk income and poverty rates. According to the results, farmers use a lower amount of improved feed than what's technically recommended. By adopting improved feed technologies, dairy farmers in the study area have increased their incomes and decreased their poverty. In addition, dairy income will increase from US$2.87 to $3.39 as a result of better feed adoption. Poverty will decrease by 13 to 32 percentage points as a result. It is important to implement complementary factors to encourage adoption and intensity of this technology, such as improving education, providing extension services, and providing credit facilities, as well as expanding dairy farming areas and lowering the cost of improved feed.

Continuous recycling of diamond wire sawing silicon powder – electron beam melting coupled with continuous feeding technology

Diamond Wire Sawing Silicon Powder (DWSSP), as the current major photovoltaic solid waste, how to achieve large-scale recycling has become the focus of the industry’s attention. In this work, a novel approach characterized by enhanced purification, reduced energy consumption, and large-scale recycling capacities was proposed. Focusing on the secondary oxidation of powder, which is difficult to be solved by traditional methods, it was proposed to utilize the electron beam melting technology to achieve rapid melting by its higher energy density and vacuum degree, and reduced the oxygen impurity by 98.4 %. Then, through the prefabricated molten pool and continuous feeding technology, substantially increased the yield of high-purity silicon (91 %) and reduced the energy consumption per unit of production (19.01 kW/kg). Finally, for the purified silicon ingot, the content of major metal impurities was reduced to less than 5 ppmw, and the content of some volatile metal impurities was reduced to less than 1 ppmw. This research demonstrate the feasibility of electron beam melting coupled with continuous feeding technology in realizing low-energy, large-scale and high-purity recycling of DWSSP.

Fish Feeding and Solar Panel Technology Implementation for the Jatiluhur Reservoir Community of Floating Net Cages Farmers

Fish Feeding and Solar Panel Technology Implementation for the Jatiluhur Reservoir Community of Floating Net Cages Farmers

THE EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL WITH FERMENTED SOYBEAN MEAL IN THE COMBINED FEED ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BODY OF YOUNG CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS)

The article examines the impact of feeding compound feed with different levels of fishmeal replacement with fermented soybean meal on the morphological and chemical composition of the body of young clary catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of the experimental base of the problematic research laboratory of feed additives of the Department of Animal Feeding and Feed Technology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. A scientific and economic experiment was conducted using the method of groups of analogues lasting 56 days, which was divided into four subperiods of 14 days each. For the experiment, 600 heads of young clary catfish with an average weight of 25 grams were selected, and six groups of 100 heads each—a control group and 5 experimental ones—were formed by the analogue method. Young clary catfish were fed compound feed, which differed in the level of the introduction of fermented soybean meal. Thus, the combined feed of the control group contained 36% fish meal without the addition of fermented soybean meal EP500, while in the combined feed of group 2, the content of fish meal was reduced to 26% and 10% fermented soybean meal EP500 was added. In compound feed for group 3, the level of fish meal continued to decrease to 21%, and the level of fermented soybean meal EP500 was increased to 15%. Focusing on 100% replacement of fishmeal, the compound feed of groups 4, 5, and 6 was characterised by a 16%, 11%, and 0% content of this ingredient, while fermented soybean meal EP500 in these groups was 20%, 25%, and 36%, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the morphological and chemical composition of the body was determined by weight on ten specimens of the most typical fish. The muscle tissue of skinless fish was used to study the chemical composition. Before analysis, all samples were stored in a refrigerator. It was established that the use of compound feed with the replacement of fish meal in the feeding of young clary catfish and the introduction of fermented soybean meal into its composition at the level of 25-36% led to an increase in the weight of the carcass of the cartridge by 3.69 (р≤0.05) - 4, 12% (р≤0.01); carcass weight by 4.10 – 4.67 (р≤0.01); muscle tissue mass by 3.99 - 4.98 (р≤0.01) compared to the control group. At the same time, it should be noted that feeding compound feed with different levels of fermented soybean meal had no probable effect on the chemical composition of young clary catfish muscle tissue.

AGE DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN LINEAR GROWTH PARAMETERS OF REPLACEMENT HEIFERS UNDER DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THEIR FEEDING TECHNOLOGY

The dynamics of changes in body weight and parameters of linear growth of replacement heifers of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed under different approaches to the organization of their feeding technology were studied. The research was conducted on replacement heifers of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed with a body weight of 170 kg, since they were 6 months old. For the formation of the experimental groups, different approaches to the organization of their feeding technology were used, namely, heifers of the control group received a diet that included corn silage. In feeding the animals of the second and third (experimental) groups, respectively, 50% and 100% of such silage was replaced by mixture of corn and sorghum. After analyzing the silage used in the experiment, no significant differences in their chemical composition were found. Therefore, the use of silage prepared from the green mass of compatible crops of corn and sorghum as part of the diets of replacement heifers did not have a significant effect on changes in their nutritional value and the content of nutrients in them, as well as the content of crude protein, provided that detailed feeding standards are met. In particular, the increase in the content of crude fiber, based on 1 kg of dry matter of the diets, was 3 and 6 g, respectively, in the animals of the second and third groups. In the course of the experiment, no significant and probable difference was established in terms of the increase in body weight of replacement heifers from the control and experimental groups. However, at the end of the experiment, a statistically significant difference in growth intensity was established between the animals of Group III (experimental) and Group I (control), while the differences between the latter and Group II (experimental) increased to the trend level. In particular, an increase in average daily gains of heifers of experimental groups, compared to animals of the control group, on the fourth and fifth months of the experiment, respectively, by 4.0 and 6.4% and by 5.2 and 11.2% (р≤ 0.05). It was also established that the use of both traditional corn and corn and sorghum silage in the organization of animal feeding technology accelerates the achievement of economic maturity by heifers. It was determined that the body weight of replacement heifers, from the age of eight months, exceeded the requirements of the breed standard. In particular, the body weight of 8-month-old heifers was higher than the standard by 5.0 – 10.2 kg or 2.4 – 4.9%, at the age of 9 months it was higher by 11.0 – 15.7 kg or 4.8 – 6 .9%, at the age of 11 months it was higher by 30.2 – 33.0 kg or 11.4 – 12.4%. The variability and level of body structure indices in the age dynamics of experimental animals of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed proved the positive dynamics of the formation of the exterior in the direction of the dairy type. Thus, the obtained results proved the expediency of using corn and sorghum silage in the technology of rearing replacement heifers.

The effectiveness of using Volgafish fish concentrate in the diets of broiler chickens

The presented studies were conducted in the period from 2021 to 2023 in the conditions of the center "Safety and Effectiveness of feed and additives" of the Volgograd State Agrarian University on the ROSS-308 bird. To perform the study, four groups were formed in three repetitions: control, I-experienced, II-experienced and III-experienced with 40 heads each. The bird was raised from the daily to 37-day age with outdoor maintenance. The chickens were kept on a deep litter (sawdust), the feeding technology, watering and microclimate parameters meet the requirements of the ROSS-308 cross. The chemical composition of fish concentrate exceeds fishmeal in terms of crude protein content by 2.15%, crude fat – by 0.25%, crude ash – by 0.28%, which suggested the replacement of fishmeal in broiler chicken feeding programs for this feed product. The use of Volgafish fish concentrate in the composition of compound feeds for broiler chickens, replacing 50.00%, 75.00% and 100.00% fishmeal, allowed to increase the average daily growth of poultry by 1.38-5.18%, and the live weight of individuals by 37 days of age by 1.32-5.01%.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ НЕОБМОЛОЧЕННЫХ КОЛОСЬЕВ ПШЕНИЦЫ РАННИХ ФАЗ СПЕЛОСТИ В КОРМ ДЛЯ РЫБ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ

The grain crops’ nonthreshed ears of the early stages of ripeness as raw materials for feed preparation can be used. The purpose of this study was: nonthreshed ears of early ripeness phases into food for omnivorous fish processing technology developing and substantiating. This study object - was the technological process of granulated feed from nonthreshed ears of early ripeness phases preparing. A preliminary technological scheme for granular feed preparation from ears had been developed. An experimental test had revealed shortcomings in technological process of feed from nonthreshed ears producing implementation, reducing its energy and economic efficiency and the processing line’s productivity and feed quality’s negative affecting. Possible solutions had been developed. For granular feed production from early ripening phases ears technology effective implementation, it is necessary the raw materials’ drying and grinding as technological operations, as well as its grinding and mixing to combine, for which new technological solutions were proposed. An improved technological scheme for granular fish feed from nonthreshed ears of early ripening producing has been developed, including combined technological operations. New technical means to be developed and already developed into the new scheme are integrated. The results of the study had shown that the technology of granulated feed from nonthreshed ears producing - is an effective means of livestock production’s profitability increasing, since feed produced by this technology using contains more protein than traditional one based on threshed forage grains, as a result fewer expensive protein additives in its composition can be included. The introduction of a new technology for the granular fish feed from nonthreshed ears preparation will make it possible early grain crops harvesting by the ochesmethod using for the feed nutritional value increasing.