Biological method of apple trees protection against scamb (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint.) in the conditions of Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine

Abstract

It was established that the investigated systems of biological protection of apple trees in the conditions of Precarpathian province of Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine in 2016–2020 showed high effectiveness against apple scab. The highest efficiency was obtained when using protection system No. 4 (Fit Doctor, p., Haubsyn, p. and Trikhodormin, p. and MAStech nutrition technology): the effectiveness against scab on apple leaves was on average 71.6% and against scab on fruits — 73.5%. The biological protection system of apple tree No. 1 (four application of Planryz, vs.) showed 65.7% effectiveness against scab on leaves and 62.7% against scab on fruits. When using the biological protection system No. 2 (four times application of Planryz, vs. and immunoprotect or Bai-Si), the effectiveness against scab on apple leaves was on average 67.2% and against scab on fruits — 66.7%. When using the biological protection system No. 3 (four-time application of Planryz, vs. and Stoller feeding technology), the effectiveness against scab on apple leaves was on average 70.1% and against scab on fruits — 72.5%. The yield of apple fruits when using the biological protection system No. 1 in 2016–2020 averaged 17.1 t/ha, when using the biological protection system No. 2 it was 17.5 t/ha, when using the biological protection system No. 3 the yield was level of 18.3 t/ha and for the use of biological protection system No. 4 — 18.1 t/ha. When applying the biological protection system No. 1 in 2016–2020, they received an average profitability of 322.1% and the income from its use was UAH 6,410.0 from ha. From the application of system No. 2, we received conditional net income in the amount of UAH 8,110.0 from ha and profitability of 262.5%. By using system No. 3, conditional net income was obtained in the amount of UAH 10,932.0 from ha and the profitability of protective measures when using it was 186.3%. When applying the biological system No. 4, they obtained a profitability of 69.2% and an income from its use of UAH 6,300.0 from ha.