Feedback Principle Research Articles

Providing Virtual Mathematics Feedback: Connecting Research to Practice

Feedback is an essential form of communication between the student and teacher. Research has documented the importance of feedback in advancing student mathematical and critical thinking, with renewed recommendations to provide and use feedback in mathematical instruction during the era of COVID-19. Giving personalized feedback in an online environment can be a challenge – especially in a mathematics class. This article summarizes five core principles of feedback, associated strategies for mathematics teachers to provide students virtual feedback, and notes on how we have implemented these strategies in middle school mathematics classes.

Природа фазовых переходов. (Роль самосогласованной обратной связи в эволюции материальных структур)

The inability of statistical mechanics to determine the bounds of the condensed media phase regions, to compute the thermodynamic coordinates of phase transitions, to predict the molecular structures astride of the phase transition points, to estimate the rates of transitions from nonequilibrium to equilibrium, to determine the dependence of the solid body structure on the rate of the liquid melt cooling, etc. , is one of the most chronic diseases of modern theory. All these defects are related to the fundamental problem of unification of the laws acting in microcosm and in macrocosm. It is indisputable that these laws describe the same, i.e. , material systems of many interacting particles. Therefore, a general law must exist which connects both the levels of description of matter into a comprehensive whole. Mechanics itself does not contain the collective properties of many-particle systems, but, following the general logic, the signature of these properties should take place in the laws which govern the microscopic behavior of the system elements. The feedback principle pretends to accomplish such unification without any violation of the principles which underlie statistical mechanics.

Основы математического моделирования в политической науке

Political processes are a complex system of organizational type. In this article, we are considering certain aspects, which stem from the principle of the system approach and are directly related to management of complex organizational systems. At the same time, the main attention is paid to the close connection of the principle of the system approach and the mathematical modeling of the systems of orga¬nizational management. Goals and objectives. The main goal of the article is to consider the ideas of the system approach, which imply the focus of attention on the quality and properties inherent to the system in general. The behavior of separate elements of the system is analyzed only in the context in which these are related to the achievement of the goal and to the effectiveness of the system’s functioning on the whole. Mathematical modeling ensures the fulfillment of the system approach for management organization taking into account the feedback principle. Methods. Mathematical model allows to form a logically harmonious formalized description of the managerial tasks. The following elements of decision-making are distinguished in the formal structure: goals, controllable variables, external variables, uncontrolled parameters, limitations, decision, efficiency criterion. The development of a mathematical model includes the determi¬ning of the interrelations between all the elements of the formal structure of the task and portraying them as mathematical expressions (equations, inequalities, etc.). Results. The article presents a decomposition of the process of developing a managerial solution comprising the following stages: verbal task setting (problem statement), forming of a mathematical model, task solving, solution analysis, model correction (if necessary) and finding a corrected solution, implementation of the final decision made in the management practice. In the end of the article, we consider an example of solving a managerial task in accordance with all the listed stages. Conclusion. The use of mathematical modeling and methods of solving managerial tasks in professional activity of a political figure allows to improve the effectiveness of the decisions made by this person and provides him/her with communication means, thanks to using the professional language of mathematics.

Technique for optimizing the adaptive control of the output of an enterprise based on a dynamical economic and mathematical model

The article is devoted to the application of dynamic economic and mathematical models for managing the production of an enterprise based on the use of the feedback principle. Formation of a discrete controllable dynamical system is given, which describes the process of production output by a manufacturing enterprise in the presence of a predictable demand function for products. The phase vector of a dynamical system describes the main parameters of production, and the control action vector (control vector) describes the intensity of the use of technological methods of production that are available to the subject of control. It is assumed that in each period of time the subject of control knows the vector function that describes the volume of demand for the company's products in subsequent periods of time, and the given geometric restrictions on the implementation of the phase vector, control vector and demand vector are also known. As the target function of the problem, the value of the discrepancy between the volumes of output by the enterprise relative to the given predicted value of the demand function in the subsequent control period is considered. Using the generated dynamical system, the paper proposes an economic-mathematical model of the studied problem of optimizing the adaptive control of the enterprise's output, which includes a class of admissible strategies for adaptive control and the formulation of the problem. The paper proposes a method for solving the formulated problem of optimizing the adaptive control of the output of an enterprise, which is implemented as a finite sequence of one-step algebraic operations on vectors of a finite-dimensional vector space, a finite set of solutions to problems of linear and convex mathematical programming. The results obtained can be used in the development of intelligent decision support systems for the actual tasks of managing the production of products at industrial enterprises.

Formation of a model of a closed production cycle in an agricultural enterprise based on the use of biological waste

An ecologically safe agroecosystem can be thought of as a model of a closed cycle of matter and energy. Increasing the adaptive potential of the production system is achieved by creating flexible production facilities, improving infrastructure, as well as researching and preparing new types of raw materials, energy and technologies for inclusion in the production cycle. The use of an ecological-economic model, in the form of a computer program, will allow, using dynamic mathematical functions, combined into a structure according to the feedback principle, to process a large amount of information about the current state of production sectors, predicted climatic parameters, dynamics of market prices, etc. The result is a tactical modernization of production to ensure maximum sustainable profitability and environmental safety. The introduction of vermicompost into the soil, at a dose of 8-12 t/ha, provides a return of carbon to the agroecosystem (280-330 kg), which compensates for the losses of the humus mineralization process (285 kg) during the cultivation of grain crops, for example, spring barley, with a planned grain yield of 2.0 t/ha. The field of application of the model can be peasant and farm enterprises, state agricultural enterprises, regional departments of agriculture with the possibility of regulating the social and agricultural policy of the region.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫМ НАЧАЛОМ В ЧЕЛОВЕКЕ: ПУТЬ ГУМАНИСТИЧЕСКОГО АУТОПОЭЗИСА

The article aims to analyze the process of management of natural dimension in man. It is shown that the possibility of such management follows both from the general way of human existence and from the dialectical subordination of the human (social, cultural) dimension and the natural dimension, according to which the latter is included in the former and dependent on it. On the other hand, there exist limits of this management: not the whole nature in man is socially determined, it preserves wide autonomy, subordination to fundamental natural laws. Interaction between the social and the natural is based on reciprocal co-determination, therefore, when managing his natural dimension, man, according to the feedback principle, de facto influences himself. Thus, the problem of preserving human essence, maintaining its holism becomes essential again. The work is novel in that the management of man’s natural dimension is associated with the phenomenon of autopoiesis: man at a new level realizes this tendency of active «self-creation», which is common to the living. At the same time, it is critically important that it will be autopoiesis with a «human face»: this management must be rationally justified, aimed at actualizing the natural potential already inherent in man. The central question is about the subject of control: in the first approximation, it will be an individual, due to the inalienability of his own vital principle, i.e. it will be a kind of self-management. However, this does not negate the presence of supra-individual subjects that would control such management (realize «management of management»), including its anthropological and social acceptability. The presence of strong legal and moral regulators, taking into account the axiological component, as well as the recognition of the fundamental fact that the management of the natural dimension is not a goal itself but a means for a more complete and comprehensive self-realization of man, only part of his holistic autopoiesis, will allow the latter to maintain humanistic orientation.

ПЕДАГОГИКАЛЫК ПРАКТИКА УЧУРУНДА ЖОЖДУН СТУДЕНТТЕРИНИН КЕСИПТИК КОМПЕТЕНЦИЯЛАРЫН КАЛЫПТАНДЫРУУ

Pedagogical practice contributes to the development of the versatile qualities of a university graduate and the implementation of a competence-based approach in teaching. Changing modern educational goals, the competence-based approach sets new guidelines for the content and results of education. In the educational process of the university, the primary task is not the formation of certain knowledge, abilities and skills, but the integration of knowledge and practice as the basis of the graduate's ability to use the knowledge and experience acquired during training in solving professional problems. Pedagogical practice orients future teachers towards pedagogical activity and provides the function of a link between the theoretical knowledge gained during the assimilation of the university educational program and the practical activity of introducing this knowledge into the educational process. When choosing teaching methods, it is important to take into account the specifics of pedagogical practice: along with mastering theoretical knowledge, skills and abilities, it is important to teach students the practical actions necessary for high-quality and highly productive performance of professional duties and to develop the ability to independently acquire and creatively apply professional knowledge. This specificity of the formation of professional competencies within the framework of practice requires a combination of all types of teaching methods: reproductive, problem-search, research, simulation methods and methods of practical training. The basic principles of guiding students' activities in practice include the principles of an individual approach, a combination of pedagogical leadership with the development of independence and initiative of students, the principle of feedback.

Application of intelligently controlled technologies in designing of technological processes for explosive forming of shell parts

The object of research is the processes of pulse metalworking (hydroexplosive, magnetic pulse, electrohydraulic, gas detonation forming, etc.). Among these methods of forming for the production of aircrafts engines parts from cylindrical and conical blanks, the most efficient in terms of its energy capabilities and overall dimensions is explosive. The modern level of theory and practice of metal forming processes allows, on the basis of a systematic approach and control theory, to determine the optimal parameters of plastic forming processes, select the best technical solutions, and create a precondition for the transition to complex automation. The most difficult task of metals forming methods optimizing is to find the best solution among many potentially possible ones, considering the introduced restrictions and efficiency criteria, environmental, economic, technical, ergonomic, and other requirements. The most problematic is that it is impossible to optimize the process of forming post-factum (finishing works, elimination of defects in shape and size, welding of cracks, etc. are required), therefore, when solving optimization problems, the implementation of the feedback principle is required - comparison of the value of the controlled variable, determined by the control program, with the desired value. In general, the processes of metal forming by pressure are characterized by a variety of problems of the theory of optimal control, the solution of which is carried out by methods of mathematical programming. And, although the equipment for pulse processing can have a different design, it necessarily includes structural elements that make it possible to convert the energy of the source and with its help (through the action of a solid body, transmitting medium, or field) to deform the metal of the workpiece. Due to this, in this work, it is proposed to control the quality of the obtained parts by varying the degree of deformation of the workpiece in the process of forming. The result of the work is the development of an integrated intelligent system, with the help of which it is possible to carry out the computer-aided design of almost all pulse-action processes based on the intelligent selection of suitable forming parameters.

Creative searches in the genre of national ballet: “Sultan Baibars” and “The Legend of Turanga”

The return to the full-scale format of the ballet performance and the approval of the prominent names of young choreographers marks the result of creative searches in the national art of dance over the past 30 years. Composers, set designers, visual artists, and costume designers turn their attention to such a genre as ballet with renewed interest, which results in the two latest works by Russian choreographers on the national theme: "Sultan Baibars" (choreography by Mukaram Avakhri) and "The Legend of Turanga" (choreography by Anvara Sadykova). In the article, using their example, the authors attempt to consider ballet as a part of art in general and, in particular, to understand ballet as a repository of the emotional experience of perception accumulated in society over generations and, in turn, also value-oriented to society itself. This is the purpose of the study. To achieve this goal, the authors choose some methods of the system-based and synergetic approach, which in recent years has been actively introduced into humanities research, including art history. The approach focuses on phenomena as unstable systems and uses various methods for a complete and qualitative analysis during research. Its principles of feedback and intellectualization are implemented in ballet if one takes a holistic approach to art: as an object of socio-cultural nature. During the study, it becomes clear that the ballet performance is the product of the co-creation of choreographers and a lot of other authors who feel the direct connection between art and the world when a separate object or phenomenon makes sense only as part of the whole. The changing moral values of modern society, the influence of the new ideologies of national identification, and the environmental movement, along with new trends in visual perception, are directly reflected in the performances of young Kazakh choreographers. Through the principles of the systemic interaction "theater-society" and the consideration of art as a repository of historical memory, the authors try to understand the mutual influence of the national ballet and the socio-cultural field. Thus, on the example of the two latest works by Avakhri and Sadykova, the search for new themes and plots, their artistic and technical, visual and musical design, the prospects for the development of the plastic language of national ballet are seen in the understanding of art as an unstable system that is in continuous development and interconnection not only with internal but also external factors.

969. Gamification for Infectious Diseases Medical Education: Creating a Videogame to Teach COVID 19 Diagnosis and Treatment to Medical Students

BackgroundBrazillian authorities reported a total of 16.3 million cases and 454.000 deaths during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil by may 2021. It became necessary to educate healthcare professionals on diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome. Game based learning surfaced as an effective alternative, since it promotes critical thinking and problem solving skills. A team of Brazilian and Peruvian students, physicians, designers and programmers gathered to create a decision based computer game that simulates a hospital scenario and allows medical students to analise, make decisions and receive feedback. This work describes the creative process and showcase the initial version of the software.MethodsProfessors and students of Medicine, Information Technology (IT), Design and Architecture from Brazil and Peru assembled a team in order to develop the computer game. Clinical cases were created by the medical students and professors, comprising medical procedures for the treatment and management of COVID 19, and a video game script was developed exploring gamification principles of challenge, objectivity, persistence, failure, reward and feedback. Algorithms (image 1) were created, under supervision of professors of Medicine, to define possible courses of action and outcomes (e.g. gain or loss of points, improvement or worsening of the patient). Students of Design created artistic elements, and IT students programmed with a game engine software. This fluxogram, written in portuguese, describes in detail all the possible courses of actions that can be exercised by the player. It is created by a team of Professors of Medicine and medical students, in accordance with evidence-based guidelines. Primarily, this document guides the programmers and designers throughout the development phase of the game.ResultsInitially, an expandable minimum viable product was obtained. The game, visualized on image 2, consists in a non-playable character and a playable character (i.e. doctor), with a scenario and a dialogue script simulating a clinical examination of a COVID 19 patient. The player can interact with certain elements within the game, e.g. the computer and other characters, to retrieve test results or start dialogues with relevant information. Hospital scenario and dialogue window between doctor (player in black) and patient (non playable character) are displayer in the game engine software (Unity 2D). On the bottom half of the screen, the dialogue box allows the player to collect the patient’s medical history. The player can interact with certain elements to obtain relevant information to make decision and progress in the game.ConclusionThe game allows medical students to practice diagnosis and treatment of COVID 19. Future versions will include assessment reports of player’s actions, and a new score system will be implemented. New diseases will be incorporated in the gameplay to match the variety of scenarios offered by real hospitals and patients. Artificial intelligence will be employed to optimize gameplay, feedback and learning. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Spatial distribution of campaniform sensilla mechanosensors on wings: form, function, and phylogeny.

Insect wings serve two crucial functions in flight: propulsion and sensing. During flapping flight, complex spatiotemporal patterns of strain on the wing reflect mechanics, kinematics, and external perturbations; sensing wing deformation provides feedback necessary for flight control. Campaniform sensilla distributed across the wing transduce local strain fluctuations into neural signals, so their placement on the wing determines sensory information available to the insect. Thus, understanding the significance of these sensor locations will also reveal how sensing and wing movement are coupled. Here, we identify trends in wing campaniform sensilla placement across flying insects from the literature. We then discuss how these patterns can influence sensory encoding by wing mechanosensors. Finally, we propose combining a comparative approach on model insect clades with computational modeling, leveraging the spectacular natural diversity in wings to uncover biological principles of mechanosensory feedback in flight control.

Forced Response Approach on Parametric Vibration with Time Periodic Coefficient

In this study, based on Galerkin discretization and frequency splitting, the forced vibration response of a large span cable with time periodic tension is approached as a closed-form solution, i.e. a special trigonometric series with mode functions. According to the principle of modulation feedback, the forced vibration response solution can be expressed as a series of linear combination of external excitation frequency and parametric excitation frequency with modes. Using orthogonality relation, the formula of forced vibration response approach is obtained. Investigations show that the presented approach computes the forced vibration response with higher accuracy. Therefore, this study is available to analyze the vibration of a large span cable with time periodic tension, and the characteristics of vibration response could be used as an important information source for the failure diagnosis and the health monitoring of cable structure.

On the issue of establishment and changes of boundaries of administrative and territorial units

The presence of crisis tendencies in the issues of establishing and changing the boundaries of the territories of territorial communities and settlements has been stated. It was emphasized that the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine has adopted 24 orders on the definition of administrative centers and approval of the territories of territorial communities. As a result, 1,469 territorial communities have been established in the country (including 31 territorial communities in the uncontrolled territory within the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts). Such situations lead to the fact that a significant number of administrative-territorial units do not have established boundaries, which in turn makes it impossible to achieve the development goals of territorial communities and settlements. At the same time, the boundaries of most territories of territorial communities and settlements are not established, and when changing boundaries there are issues that require a better system of legal documents that would regulate scientifically sound establishment (change) of boundaries affecting community regulation of environmental and economically acceptable use lands. A number of changes to the legal documents are proposed, such as: preliminary registration in the SCC of project boundaries of territorial communities and settlements, obligations for certified land surveying engineers to verify the intention to establish (change) boundaries. It is proposed to establish (change) the boundaries taking into account the principles of "public administration", namely: the principle of self-organization of civil society and the principle of feedback.

Incorporating Mobile App Technology in Voice Modification Protocol for Transgender Women

Motivated by practice and feedback principles of motor learning, a hybrid clinic-home protocol for voice feminization was developed to minimize the role of SLPs to 1 of supervision and professional guidance and to maximize learning during independent practice apart from intervention sessions. The purpose was to explore the effectiveness and acceptability of the innovative service delivery. This single-subject changing criterion design included four transgender women who completed a 10-week hybrid clinic-home voice intervention program delivered via 30 -minute weekly in-clinic sessions and a technology-supported home program. The program was client-centered and capitalized on principles of motor learning in that it incorporated frequent practice with intermittent, knowledge-of-result feedback. Participants' desired outcomes were measured using acoustics, self and listener ratings of audio samples, and a program evaluation questionnaire. Average speaking fundamental frequency of phrases and picture descriptions gradually increased into the 170-220 Hz range for all except one participant. All four transgender women were perceived to sound more feminine following treatment compared to baseline. Participants found the in-clinic sessions useful, the app easy to use, and noted limited fatigue or discomfort. Four transwomen met their goals using this hybrid clinic-home service delivery format. Further investigations may elucidate key factors of the success achieved in the current study by designing comparison delivery models and including people from other populations.

Teaching Psychomotor Skills in a Virtual Environment: An Educational Case Study

In March 2020, most physical therapy schools across the globe transitioned to online learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This change posed unique challenges not only because it required adapting to new technology in a short period but, more importantly, it involved developing ways to teach hands-on psychomotor and clinical skills virtually while maintaining the quality of instruction. In response to the rapid transition, the physical therapy program at MGH Institute of Health Professions (IHP)designed and implemented a novel and effective coaching model to address the challenges. The model was developed based on experiential learning theory, constructivism, a coaching framework, and andragogical principles of feedback and reflection. Not only did the model meet its objectives of effectively teaching basic psychomotor skills in the virtual environment, but it may also have andragogical benefits that can be applied to traditional face-to-face methods. This case study describes the theoretical underpinning of the model, its development and implementation, the perceived effectiveness for learning psychomotor skills in a virtual environment, and the potential for broader relevance to future models of physical therapy education.

Solution of Dynamic Games of Fractional Order by the Method of Grids

In this article, we have studied the game problem of the equation of motion, which is described with partial derivatives of fractional order in a multidimensional domain. The time derivative is defined as the partial Riemann - Liouville fractional derivatives. To solve this problem, the grid method is applied for an equation with fractional derivatives. The convergence of the scheme is established and the error estimates are obtained in terms of the sampling step. Sufficient conditions are found close to each other for the completion of the pursuit. A method of controlling the pursuing player is constructed according to the feedback principle, which guarantees the desired result even in the situation of the most unfavorable controls of the fleeing player. In each of the above cases, a numerical method is constructed to find the price of the game in suitable classes of strategies and to construct the corresponding control laws. The discretization schemes for a differential game described by equations of fractional order in a multidimensional domain are constructed and studied.

Training future engineers in conditions of educational and information environment of a technical university

The study presents the results of exploring the training of future engineering specialists in the conditions of educational and information environment of a technical university, as well as methodological recommendations formulated on the basis of the results obtained. The research assumes that the educational and information environment of a technical university should be designed as an open dynamic and synergetic system, in which future engineers should be given a possibility to design an individual educational trajectory based on the use of educational and information resources and considering the individual psychological capabilities of students. The functioning of the educational and information environment of a technical university provides for a cyclical type of management of professional training of future specialists and adhering to the principle of feedback in student training. The results of the study, in particular a comparison of the levels of competence formation of future engineers in the control and experimental groups at the beginning and end of the study, confirmed the correctness of the hypothesis put forward.

Continuous Control Set Predictive Current Control for Induction Machine

A speed tracking control method for induction machine is shown in this paper. The method consists of outer speed control loop and inner current control loop. Model predictive current control method without the need for calculation of the weighing factors is utilized for the inner control loop, which generates a continuous set of voltage reference values that can be modulated and applied by the inverter to the induction machine. Interesting parallels are drawn between the developed method and state feedback principles that helped with the analysis of the stability and controllability. Simple speed and rotor flux estimator is implemented that helps achieve sensorless control. Simulation is conducted and the method shows great performance for speed tracking in a steady state, and during transients as well. Additionally, compared to the finite control set predictive current control, it shows less harmonic content in the generated torque on the rotor shaft.

Attitude motion control of heavy solid body without velocities measurement

Attitude motion of solid body around a fixed point in the uniform field of gravity is considered. The main result is that some new control method for attitude motion of rigid body without velocities measurement is presented. Two problems of the arbitrary position stabilization and attitude stationary motion stabilization are solved. The stabilizing controls are constructed by the feedback principle without measurement of velocities. This problem is relevant and has an important applied value in engineering. Main results can be used for gyroscopic control systems designing of aircrafts.

Efficient iterative thresholding algorithms with functional feedbacks and null space tuning

An accelerated class of adaptive scheme of iterative thresholding algorithms is studied analytically and empirically. They are based on the feedback mechanism of the null space tuning techniques. The main contribution of this article is the accelerated convergence analysis and proofs with a variable/adaptive index selection and different feedback principles at each iteration. The convergence analysis requires no longer a priori sparsity information s of a signal. It is shown that uniform recovery of all s-sparse signals from given linear measurements can be achieved under reasonable (preconditioned) restricted isometry conditions. Accelerated convergence rate and improved convergence conditions are obtained by selecting an appropriate size of the index support per iteration. The theoretical findings are sufficiently demonstrated and confirmed by extensive numerical experiments. It is also observed that the proposed algorithms have a clearly advantageous balance of efficiency, adaptivity and accuracy compared with all other state-of-the-art greedy iterative algorithms.