Feed Tank Research Articles

Overcoming any configuration limitation: an alternative operating mode for pervaporation and vapour permeation

AbstractBACKGROUNDMembranes are the core and the main limitation of pervaporation. For example, in certain cases (more often for organic–organic mixtures) a pure product is not attainable as a permeate of a single stage and a series of membrane stages spaced by a condenser is required, making the process economically unacceptable.RESULTSThis work discusses the use of an alternative approach by exploring the multi‐stage‐batch‐pervaporation (MSBP) unit operation. Here, the permeate obtained after each batch‐stage is recycled to the feed tank to increase the permeate product purity in a following stage. The separation of methanol–methyl acetate mixtures was chosen as a case study.Simulations demonstrate how a multi‐stage‐batch‐pervaporation unit is able to meet product purity requirements, by varying the stage‐termination condition and the number of stages, employing a single membrane‐module and a single condenser.Moreover, a new way to visualize pervaporation separation performance of different membranes is proposed to replace the pervaporation separation index (PSI) analysis.CONCLUSIONBeing very flexible, the multi‐stage‐batch‐pervaporation unit operation could be of benefit for all small batch productions, even when using medium‐low performance membranes. Parts of continuous productions could also be suitable for multi‐stage‐batch‐pervaporation systems. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

Mathematical model for simultaneous microfiltration and ultrafiltration of Haemophilus influenzae type b to cell separation and polysaccharide recovery

The cell separation from the culture broth through tangential microfiltration to isolate poly-ribosyl-ribitol-phosphate polysaccharide (PRP), which is used in the vaccine of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), represents an alternative to centrifugation. An inconvenient of microfiltration is the great amount of buffer used to diafilter the culture broth, which may dilute the product. The PRP is unstable due to various factors including concentration. To overcome this problem, an ultrafiltration system functioning simultaneously and in line with the microfiltration system concentrates the product, avoiding losses. Besides, the UF permeate stream can be recycled and used as diafiltration buffer in the microfiltration feed tank, reducing the use of buffer. Since two steps are merged into one, the time required for the global process would reduce. This study presents a mathematical model based on mass balance for a MF–UF simultaneuous system for Hib cell separation, with the objective of optimizing its conditions. This model showed fair proximity to the obtained experimental data. Differences obtained in the recycle and no recycle systems indicate that the best option should be evaluated according to product characteristics. For PRP recovery, a recycle system is the most appropriate, however this model can be extended to any target molecule in such a system.

The Auto control System Based on InTouch Configuration software for High-gravity Oil Railway Tank Feeding

This paper provides automatic design for high-gravity oil railway tank feeding system of some refinery uses distributive control system. The system adopts the automatic system of Modicon TSX Quantum or PLC as monitor and control level and uses a PC-based plat form as principal computer running on the Microsoft Windows2000. An automatic control system is developed in the environment of InTouch configuration software. This system implements automatic high-gravity oil tank feeding with pump controlling function. And it combines automatic oil feeding controlling, pump controlling and tank monitoring function to implement the automation of oil feeding with rations and automatic control.

Feed Characteristics Alter Growth Efficiency of Cutthroat Trout

Abstract Hatchery-cultured cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii fed some commercially available rainbow trout feeds display slow growth and increased mortality. Feed characteristics such as buoyancy and texture alter feed acceptance in some fish species, but their effects have not been adequately addressed in cutthroat trout. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether feed structure and behavior preferences explain the decreased hatchery performance of juvenile cutthroat trout. To achieve this, we conducted two feeding trials in which we fed Westslope cutthroat trout O. clarkii lewisi and Snake River finespotted cutthroat trout O. clarkii behnkei a single diet formulation manufactured to display four different characteristics (floating, sinking, semimoist pellets, or a flake feed) and compared consumption, weight gain, and survival. In the first feeding trial, we stocked Westslope cutthroat trout (initial weight 11.3 g ± 0.5 g) at 20 fish/tank. We used two different sizes of tanks, with four replicate small tanks (54-L) and two replicate large tanks (96-L) per feed type. Results of the first trial demonstrated a significant effect of feed type but not tank size on weight gain of Westslope cutthroat trout with no interaction. Westslope cutthroat trout fed the flake feed gained less weight than did fish fed any of the other feed types. Feed conversion ratio was affected by both feed type and tank size with no interaction. In a second feeding trial, Snake River cutthroat trout (initial weight 19.5 g ± 0.5 g) were stocked at 20 fish/tank in 96-L tanks with four replicate tanks per feed type. Results of the second trial demonstrated that Snake River cutthroat trout fed the flake feed grew less, had higher feed conversion ratio, elevated hepatosomatic index, and reduced muscle ratio compared with fish fed the other feeds. Results demonstrate that flake feeds are not adequate for cutthroat trout at this life stage. However, additional research is needed to address other culture-related limitations because only minor differences between fish fed other feed types were detected.

Corrigendum to “Prevalence of thermoduric bacteria and spores on 10 Midwest dairy farms”

Thermoduric bacteria (TDB), including sporeformers and their spores, can be present in milk and dairy products even after pasteurization. They have the potential to adversely affect the quality and shelf life of products. The objectives of this study were to identify the origin and common species of heat-resistant bacteria occurring during summer and winter on Midwest dairy farms. Bulk tank milk samples were taken from 10 dairy farms located along the South Dakota section of Interstate 29, with herd sizes ranging from 650 to 3,500 lactating dairy cows. Milk samples were profiled for the prevalence of TDB and spore counts (SC). Corn silage samples and swabs of the milking clusters were also taken at the dairies to further profile the potential sources of TDB and SC. The samples were taken 3 times during 2 seasons [winter (January–March) and summer (June–August)] to track seasonal changes in the farm bacterial flora. During winter, the average TDB counts in bulk tank milk were 1.83 log compared with 1.89 log TDB counts in the summer. The SC was 0.85 log in the winter, which was about half the 1.37 log SC present in the summer season. Corn silage sampled in winter contained 4.09 log TDB count compared with an increased 5.85 log TDB count during summer sampling. Concentrations of SC in corn silage reached an average of 3.60 log in winter compared with 6.33 log for summer. The seasonal effect was evident with an increase in summer counts across the board for TDB and SC, both in the feed and bulk tank milk samples. Bacillus licheniformis was the predominant species identified in 62.4% of winter (85 total) and 49.4% of summer (83 total) samples. Bacillus subtilis made up 9.4% of the remaining winter isolates, followed by Bacillus sonorensis at 8.2%. Conversely, B. sonorensis made up 12% of the summer isolates followed by Bacillus pumilus at 10.8%. Bacillus licheniformis is a ubiquitous microbe and was isolated from both TDB and sporeformer categories in all 3 sample types. There were larger increases in SC than TDB, indicating that summer temperatures and conditions may favor proliferation of sporeforming bacteria over that of TDB. In conclusion, samples from bulk tank milk, milking cluster swabs, and corn silage samples at each of the 10 sites indicated that B. licheniformis was the major contaminant species, regardless of season. In this experiment, corn silage was the major environmental source of both TDB and SC with higher concentrations in summer when compared with winter.

Evolution of electrolyte mixtures rejection behaviour using nanofiltration membranes under spiral wound and flat-sheet configurations

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes can be used in different configurations. The aim of this work was to determine the reliability of the data obtained using flat-sheet (FS) laboratory-scale configuration when NF membranes are implemented at industrial scale level using spiral wound (SW) configuration. Ion rejections in salt mixtures with the two configurations types were analysed, modelled, evaluated and compared. In both cases of the study, the operation was carried out in cross-flow mode and with recirculation of permeate and concentrate streams into the feed tank. Different feed synthetic salt solutions were used based on a dominant and a trace salt. In both cases, the operating temperature was kept constant (21.5 ± 2.5°C), and the trans-membrane pressure range varied from the osmotic pressure to 20 bar. The same NF membrane was used for both configurations: NF270 (Dow Chemical). The solution–diffusion–electromigration–film model was employed to describe the experimental results. Comparing both membrane configurations, the trans-membrane flux obtained with the FS configuration was higher than that observed with the SW configuration under the same operating conditions. In general, it is proved that ion rejection curves for both membrane configurations were fairly similar. Moreover, the membrane permeances with respect to each ion in both configurations were quantitatively similar.

Effect of food shortage on growth, energetic reserves mobilization, and water quality in juveniles of the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, reared in groups

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of food shortage on growth performance, by means of energetic reserves (proteins, glycogen and lipids) mobilization and hepatopancreas cells analysis in C. quadricarinatus juveniles maintained in groups, as well as the effect on culture water quality. Two experiments were performed, each of them with two feeding regimes during 45 days. The Control feeding regime, in which crayfish were fed daily (once a day) throughout the experimental period (DF), and the Cyclic feeding regime, in which juveniles were fed for 2 or 4 days (once a day) followed by 2 or 4 days of food deprivation (2F/2D and 4F/4D, respectively) in repeated cycles. Cyclic feeding influenced growth, biochemical composition from hepatopancreas and muscle, and water quality. Juveniles cyclically fed were unable to maintain a normal growth trajectory during 45 days. Apparent feed conversion ratio, apparent protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index and relative pleon mass were similar in cyclic and daily fed animals and no structural damage was found in the hepatopancreas of juveniles subjected to cyclic feeding. The novelty of this study was the significant accumulation of proteins in pleonal muscle in both cyclic feeding regimes (approx. 18%) suggesting that the storage of this constitutive material during food shortage may be an adaptation for a compensatory growth when food becomes abundant again. The cyclic feeding regimes had a positive effect on water quality decreasing inorganic nitrogen concentration. This was due to the reduction in the amount of animal excretes and feces in the group that received approx. 50% less feed. Additionally, water pH was higher in cyclic feeding tanks, as a result of lower organic matter decomposition and consequent release of CO2. Accordingly, total ammonia in the water was significantly lower for the cyclic feeding regimes compared to their respective controls. This study suggests that the protocol of cyclic feeding could be applied at least 45 days in 1 g juveniles maintained in group conditions, without affecting the energetic reserves and hepatopancreas structure, emphasizing the high tolerance of this species to food restriction.

Prevalence of thermoduric bacteria and spores on 10 Midwest dairy farms

Thermoduric bacteria (TDB), including sporeformers and their spores, can be present in milk and dairy products even after pasteurization. They have the potential to adversely affect the quality and shelf life of products. The objectives of this study were to identify the origin and common species of heat-resistant bacteria occurring during summer and winter on Midwest dairy farms. Bulk tank milk samples were taken from 10 dairy farms located along the South Dakota section of Interstate 29, with herd sizes ranging from 650 to 3,500 lactating dairy cows. Milk samples were profiled for the prevalence of TDB and spore counts (SC). Corn silage samples and swabs of the milking clusters were also taken at the dairies to further profile the potential sources of TDB and SC. The samples were taken 3 times during 2 seasons [winter (January–March) and summer (June–August)] to track seasonal changes in the farm bacterial flora. During winter, the average TDB counts in bulk tank milk were 2.61 log compared with 2.76 log TDB counts in the summer. The SC was 1.08 log in the winter, which was half the 2.06 log SC present in the summer season. Corn silage sampled in winter contained a 7.57 log TDB count compared with an increased 10.77 log TDB count during summer sampling. Concentrations of SC in corn silage reached an average of 6.3 log in winter compared with 11.81 log for summer. The seasonal effect was evident with an increase in summer counts across the board for TDB and SC, both in the feed and bulk tank milk samples. Bacillus licheniformis was the predominant species identified in 62.4% of winter (85 total) and 49.4% of summer (83 total) samples. Bacillus subtilis made up 9.4% of the remaining winter isolates, followed by Bacillus sonorensis at 8.2%. Conversely, B. sonorensis made up 12% of the summer isolates followed by Bacillus pumilus at 10.8%. Bacillus licheniformis is a ubiquitous microbe and was isolated from both TDB and sporeformer categories in all 3 sample types. There were larger increases in SC than TDB, indicating that summer temperatures and conditions may favor proliferation of sporeforming bacteria over that of TDB. In conclusion, samples from bulk tank milk, milking cluster swabs, and corn silage samples at each of the 10 sites indicated that B. licheniformis was the major contaminant species, regardless of season. In this experiment, corn silage was the major environmental source of both TDB and SC with higher concentrations in summer when compared with winter.

Novel design of a multitube microbial fuel cell (UM2FC) for energy recovery and treatment of membrane concentrates

A two-stage treatment process, consisting of a flat sheet membrane system and a novel upflow multitube microbial fuel cell (UM2FC), was investigated to simultaneously treat concentrate streams—as well as produce electricity. This study tested the treatment of the retained part (i.e membrane concentrate) of the membrane process and electricity production using an air-cathode UM2FC inoculated with sediment sample collected from Golden Horn, Istanbul. The electrochemical behaviors were investigated using electrochemical methods to identify how membrane concentrates effects the reactor performance. The treatment of domestic wastewater was performed using a lab-scale cross-flow filtration apparatus with a UH050 membrane and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency as a result of membrane treatment was 87%. Then the UM2FC was fed sequentially from the feed tank when desired retained ratios (25% and 50%) observed. The maximum power density obtained was 25.138 mW m−2 in the 50% concentrate or a volume concentration ratio (VCR) of 2 fed UM2FC which was 244% higher than that achieved using raw wastewater (7.303 mW m−2) and COD removal was >65% in UM2FC. The contribution of different resistances such as ohmic, charge transfer and mass transfer resistances of the reactor under different stages was ascertained through the measurements using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the results showed that an increasing organic loading reduced the internal resistance and enhanced power. On the whole, study reported new findings such as a new treatment technology for membrane concentrate treatment and gives insight to literature on reactor design.

Elimination of vibration noise from an impact-type grain mass flow sensor

Intensive vibration caused by uneven field terrain and imbalance of working components in a combine harvester is commonly experienced by yield monitors, causing a significant influence on the performance of impact-type grain flow sensors. A yield monitor test stand was constructed based on a commercial combine harvester, and a method was developed to eliminate the effects of vibration disturbance on impact-type flow sensors. The vibration caused by combine harvesters was simulated well in the experiment, and moreover the actual grain flow rate could be adjusted and measured precisely by the weighing sensors fixed under the grain feed tank in real time. An impact-type grain flow sensor was manufactured using two parallel-beam load cells: one was impacted by the grain flow, and the other was applied as a reference beam that was only excited by the vibration of the sensor frame. A harmonic extraction method was introduced to exploit the essential characteristics involved in the collision process between the grain and the impact plate driven by the elevator paddles of the combine harvester. Then adaptive interference cancellation was utilized to eliminate the vibration noise from the measurement of the impact force of the grain flow according to data from the reference parallel-beam load cell. The experimental results showed that the relative error was less than 2.2 % when the reference parallel-beam load cell was used alone, and relative error was reduced further to less than 1.6 % when both the data from the reference load cell and the harmonic extraction method were applied.

Permeate recirculation impact on concentration polarization and fouling on RO purification of olive mill wastewater

Analysis of permeate recirculation impact on membrane concentration polarization and fouling was studied upon well-controlled reverse osmosis (RO) experiments for final purification of secondary-treated olive mill wastewater (OMW). Two commercial RO membranes presenting different characteristics, that is, a thin-film composite (TFC) and a low-pressure one, were selected for comparison purposes. Incrementing the permeate recirculation ratio to the feed tank (10–30%) reduced the concentration polarization and fouling build-up, that is 15.8–42.1% for the TFC membrane whereas 22.9–55.2% for the low-pressure membrane. This fact is especially relevant for the low-pressure membrane on which fouling triggers rapidly causing severe flux loss, but tends to stabilize upon 30% permeate recirculation. Moreover, irreversible fouling was satisfactorily minimized, reducing scaling formation and permitting restoration of the initial permeability. The fouling index can be minimized by 57.1% for the TFC membrane by recirculating 30% of the permeate stream (measured at 15°C), and also 47.1% reduction of the fouling index was observed for the low-pressure membrane upon the same recirculation ratio. The data obtained in this study highlight permeate recirculation as an important operating variable for membrane fouling control in the final RO purification of OMW.

The aerobic oxidation of bromide to dibromine catalyzed by homogeneous oxidation catalysts and initiated by nitrate in acetic acid

For ∼50 years mixtures of cobalt(II) and manganese(II) acetates with sodium bromide or hydrobromic acid in acetic acid have been used as catalysts for the homogeneous aerobic oxidation of alkylaromatic compounds. They are known to be stable mixtures. While characterizing this mixture via EXAFS, it was thus surprising to observe an unexpected change in the color of the reaction mixture from deep blue to yellow or orange. Subsequent characterization of the reaction via UV–vis and EXAFS showed that the color change was due to the oxidation of bromide to dibromine. The reaction was found to require the presence of dioxygen. It was found via MALDI, IR and other methods, that the commercial source of cobalt(II) acetate contained a small amount of nitrate impurity. It is the presence of nitrate that caused the oxidation of bromide since intentional addition of various nitrate compounds causes the reaction to occur. Nitrate is likely initiating a chain reaction. The dibromine formed is an active bromination agent. Thus we show that an inexpensive, in-situ preparatory method for generating dibromine is a Mn(II) acetate/nitrate/bromide/air mixture. We show that the reaction, for T<40°C, is autocatalytic and its initiation and reaction times are dependent on a number of variables such as temperature, nitrate concentration, type of bromide and metal, pH, water concentration in acetic acid, and purity of the solvent. A cautionary note: the accidental addition of nitrate into a catalyst feed tank used for homogeneous oxidation of alkylaromatics in pilot plants or commercial plants could cause the bromide to oxidize to dibromine. This could be potentially dangerous and/or result in decreased yields.

Predation of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) on the eggs of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in a Baltic Sea lagoon

We analyzed the predation of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) on the spawn of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in a mesohaline lagoon of the Baltic Sea, hypothesizing a significant predation effect of a resident estuarine fish on the recruitment of an anadromous oceanic species. A predator exclusion field experiment using artificially spawned experimental units was combined with tank feeding experiments to estimate the effects of temperature and prey density on the herring egg consumption by estuarine G. aculeatus. The predator exclusion experiment showed a significant mortality of herring eggs caused by estuarine predatory fish species. A strong increase in the consumption of herring eggs by sticklebacks was observed between 11°C and 15°C (Q10 = 3.15). Additionally, we found a significant positive correlation between egg concentration per area and predation intensity. Nearly all eggs were consumed at concentrations ≥ 25 eggs cm−2, but predation was less intense at egg concentrations below that threshold. Field data on herring egg concentrations, stickleback abundances, and stomach contents were combined with the findings of the experiments to estimate the percentage of spawned herring eggs that is consumed by the local stickleback (MPS). The highest MPS (11.4%) was estimated for a week in April in the second half of the spawning season. We conclude that stickleback predation on herring eggs potentially affects the local herring year class strength.

Factorial design in optimization of the separation of uranium from yellowcake across a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane, with mass transport modeling

The extraction and stripping of uranium(VI) from other impurity elements in yellowcake was performed simultaneously in one stage by a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane. Uranium ions were selectively extracted from yellowcake using TBP as the extractant, while thorium and some rare earth elements were rejected in the raffinate. The optimization method was carried out using 32 factorial design. The concentration of nitric acid in the feed solution and the concentration of TBP in the liquid membrane were regarded as factors in the optimization. A mass transport model focusing on the boundary layer of the extraction side was also applied. The model can predict the concentration of uranium in the feed tank at different times. The validity of the developed model was statistically evaluated through a comparison with experimental data, and good agreement was obtained.

Fine purification of silane for removal of chlorosilanes by membrane gas separation

The membrane separation of a silane, dichlorosilane, trichlorosilane, and tetrachlorosilane gas mixture has been theoretically and experimentally studied. The ideal separation factors have been determined experimentally and their values in the separation cell at pressures P1 and P2 have been found. The separation factor has been calculated for different ratios of flows in the compartments of a membrane module. The silane cleaning process for the removal of highly penetrating impurities in a radial membrane module and in a membrane module with a feed tank has been calculated.

Is adsorption an artifact in experimentation with Triclosan?

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of adsorption of Triclosan (TCS) onto labware on the results obtained during lab-scale experiments. Three sets of experiments were considered; two of them expose the problem in water or wastewater treatability studies and the other one in microbial susceptibility testings. In the former two sets, lab-scale systems; ozonation; and membrane filtration (NF/RO) that are commonly used in water or wastewater treatability studies were utilized and the distribution of TCS within the systems were followed. The ozonation labware tested was composed of a Pyrex reactor with plastic and glass tubings. The NF/RO system was composed of a stainless steel feed tank, a stainless steel membrane unit, stainless steel flanges, and stainless steel and plastic tubings. Ozonation system was operated without ozone gas, but air. Similarly, NF/RO system was without membrane in it. Both of the systems were rinsed with methanol before experiments to remove any possible earlier contamination. Dur...

Conceptual Design of an Industrial-Scale Plant for Ethanol Production from Taro Waste

Sustainable utilization of agricultural wastes has gained attention due to increasing amount of waste generated from both field and manufacturing processes. These wastes contain huge potential of untapped energy that can be utilized after undergoing adequate treatment. Bioethanol, a bioenergy source of high efficiency and low environmental impact, is produced through fermentation of sugar by specific microorganisms. In this study, a conceptual design of ethanol production from taro waste by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was proposed based on data and references. An industrial-scale plant was designed to produce 5 million liters ethanol annually accounting for about 0.5% of the annual ethanol demand in Taiwan. The fermentation section of the plant consists of two feed tanks, where taro waste is diluted and standardized, one batch (aerobic) reactor for microbial culture enrichment, and two parallel systems each consisting of two continuous (an aerobic and an anaerobic respectively) reactors for further culture enrichment and ethanol production.

Salt Mineralogy of Hanford High-Level Nuclear Waste Staged for Treatment

The Hanford site near Richland Washington, United States, is staging some of its 56 million gallons of high-level waste for treatment. Limited understanding of solids precipitated from the concentrated electrolyte solutions complicates the development of waste treatment options. The implications for the precipitation of these solids are that overlying liquids are saturated in these salts, which may cause unwanted precipitation during downstream processing. This study characterizes the salts in two of these Hanford staged feed tanks (Tanks AP-103 and AP-108) by ion chromatography (for anions), X-ray diffraction, polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that Na2CO3·H2O (thermonatrite) was the most prevalent salt in one tank, whereas the double salt Na7F(PO4)2·19H2O (natrophosphate) was the dominant salt in the other. Natrophosphate occurred in both tanks as octahedrons in sizes ranging from 10 μm to a millimeter in diameter. Nat...

Separation performance of multi-components solution by membrane technology in continual diafiltration mode

To investigate the membrane separation performance of multi-components solution throughout continuous volumetric diafiltration (CVD), sucrose and glucose were implemented as model solute. Two commercial nanofiltration (NF) membranes (QY-NF-1-SW with molecular weight cut-off [MWCO] of 150Da and QY-NF-3-D with MWCO of 250Da) were operated in batch recycling mode. Flux (Jv), trans-membrane pressure (ΔP), concentrations in feed (Cf) and permeate (Cp) were collected, and the retentions (R) were calculated. Based on the Spiegler and Kedem (S–K) equation, a theoretical R model was established. The model was employed to establish the mass balance equations in a feed tank during CVD. A novel revised retention equation was established to simulate CVD of sucrose and glucose mixture solution. Further, the model was popularly applied in ultrafiltration (UF) of the multi-components solution-soybean molasses by a commercial membrane (QY-UF-1-G with MWCO of 1kDa). It was predicted in theory the total retention of multi-components increased, since the concentration of low retention solute declined with diafiltration process time when the flux was insignificantly changed which was then demonstrated by the experiment. The results showed that the retention curve predicted by the model agreed well with the experiment, and the revised retention equation was well designed for industrial food fluids.

Treatment of ion-exchange resins regeneration wastewater using reverse osmosis method for reuse

This study was designed to use reverse osmosis (RO) process for the treatment of high TDS regeneration wastewater of ion-exchange plant to reuse the treated wastewater. At present, the wastewater is discharged to evaporation lagoons without any treatment. Although numerous researches have been carried out on using membrane processes for industrial wastewater treatment, there has been no performed study on using reverse osmosis for the treatment of wastewater from ion-exchange resins regeneration process. The study was conducted in a pilot plant, including a FILMTEC membrane, with 4 inch diameter and 40 inch length to evaluate treatment of the wastewater. The obtained optimum conditions for the treatment of the wastewater in pilot plant were 15 bar pressure, 43 l/min influent wastewater flow rate which resulted in 3.9 l/min permeate flow rate, 99.4% salt rejection, 31.6 l/m2 h flux and 9.1% recovery ratio for one element. To estimate recovery ratio for full scale wastewater treatment plant, the concentration factor (CF) was obtained in batch mode. This was done by directing the permeate stream into a second container while the concentrate stream was being returned to the feed tank of pilot plant. Both the permeate flow rate and permeate quality were monitored during the test. The test was stopped when the permeate flow rate reached up to 3 l/min which is minimum acceptable permeate flow rate for one element. Other factors such as chloride, sodium, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) and pH of permeate were obtained at desirable CF to evaluate reuse of treated wastewater. Results showed with a value of 2.2 CF, permeate or treated wastewater can be used for agricultural irrigation.