Federation In Order Research Articles

ОПЫТ СИСТЕМЫ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ КУРГАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ПО РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ФГОС ДО И ФОП ДО

The article deals with the problem of improving the professional competencies of teachers and managers of preschool education in the field of implementation of the Federal Educational Program of preschool Education (hereinafter referred to as FOP DO) in the context of the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education (hereinafter referred to as FGOS DO). The relevance of professional training and advanced training in this area is substantiated. The author examines the concepts of "advanced training", "The Federal Educational program of preschool education", draws attention to the formation of a scientific system of knowledge and skills of teachers in its implementation, taking into account the Federal State Educational Standard, refers to regulatory documents, initiatives, innovations and projects in the field of preschool education. The article presents the results of a survey of teachers of preschool educational organizations and analyzes the responses received, on the basis of which a program of advanced training courses for teachers of preschool education "Preparing teachers of preschool education to solve professional tasks in accordance with the FOP DO" was developed. This Program has been implemented in the Kurgan Region and other regions of the Ural Federal District (Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk Regions, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The author describes the experience of implementing a program of advanced training courses for teachers of preschool education, represented by five modules: Normative and methodological support for the implementation of FOP DO; Cooperation with parents (legal representatives) of infants, early and preschool children as a condition for the implementation of FOP DO; Development of the infrastructure of an organization implementing educational programs of preschool education; Specifics of the implementation of an educational program of preschool education, taking into account the regional component; Implementation of developing teacher-parent-child interaction. The article is of a scientific and methodological nature, contains theoretical generalizations and methodological recommendations and may be useful to researchers and practitioners of the preschool education system. The study was conducted within the framework of a grant in the form of a subsidy from the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation in order to achieve the result "The number of teaching staff (including educators, management personnel) of organizations implementing educational programs of preschool education who have completed advanced training in the competencies necessary to work with preschool children" in the framework of the federal project "Modern school of the national project "Education" (No. 073-15-2024-1584 dated June 07, 2024).

Совершенствование правового регулирования использования лекарственных препаратов при оказании первой помощи: проблемные и дискуссионные вопросы

Summary. Investigation purpose – based on the analysis of the range of medicines approved for medical use in the Russian Federation and their practical application in certain types of medical care, identify groups and a list of medicines for their possible use in providing first aid to victims by certain categories of first aid participants, as well as related problems requiring legislative regulation. Material and methods of the investigation. Research materials – normative legal acts reflecting the provision of first aid and medical, including emergency and primary health care, emergency and urgent care, namely: 5 federal laws; 4 Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation; 3 administrative documents of the Government of the Russian Federation; 26 administrative documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; 1 administrative document of the Department of Health Moscow; 31 instructions for the use of medicines for medical use. Research methods: analytical, logical and information modeling. Investigation results and their analysis. Groups and a list of medicines that can be used in providing first aid to victims are proposed for consideration and discussion. Problematic issues requiring legislative regulation in the use of medicines at the stage of first aid have been identified. Groups and a list of medicines for first aid to victims are offered for consultations and discussions with representatives of scientific institutions of the medical community and government agencies that determine health policy in the Russian Federation in order to develop management decisions aimed at achieving a high level of preservation of human life and health in emergency situations.

Rare Variants of the SMN1 Gene Detected during Neonatal Screening.

During the expanded neonatal screening program conducted in 2023, we analyzed samples obtained from 1,227,130 out of 1,256,187 newborns in the Russian Federation in order to detect 5q spinal muscular atrophy (5q SMA). Within the 253-sample risk group formed based on the results of the first screening stage, 5 samples showed a discrepancy between the examination results obtained via various screening methods and quantitative MLPA (used as reference). The discrepancy between the results was caused by the presence of either a c.835-18C>T intronic variant or a c.842G>C p.(Arg281Thr) missense variant in the SMN1 gene, both of which are located in the region complementary to the sequences of annealing probes for ligation and real-time PCR. Three newborns had the c.835-18C>T variant in a compound heterozygous state with a deletion of exons 7-8 of the SMN1 gene, one newborn with two copies of the SMN1 gene had the same variant in a heterozygous state, and one newborn had both variants-c.835-18C>T and c.842G>C p.(Arg281Thr)-in a compound heterozygous state. Additional examination was carried out for these variants, involving segregation analysis in families, carriage analysis in population cohorts, and RNA analysis. Based on the obtained results, according to the ACMG criteria, the c.835-18C>T intronic variant should be classified as likely benign, and the c.842G>C p.(Arg281Thr) missense substitution as a variant of uncertain clinical significance. All five probands are under dynamic monitoring. No 5q SMA symptoms were detected in these newborns neonatally or during a 1-year follow-up period.

Государственная поддержка как фактор, предотвращающий распад института семьи

This article attempts to understand how the social support of State authorities can prevent the negative impact on the institution of the family in terms of changes in various social trends and changes in the political culture of Russians. It explores the relationship between the State and the family in the context of the support factor. The relevance of the article is due to such factors: firstly, 2024 was declared the Year of the Family in the Russian Federation in order to show the importance of the institution of the family for the state, secondly, the inevitability of overcoming differences in the interpretations of social features of changing the institution of family valuesin domestic scientific thought.

State audit of the effective use of national resources

The article discusses and analyzes the possibilities of implementing state audit mechanisms in the management of public resources. The legislation on auditing, including control and accounting bodies, was reviewed, and the effectiveness of the use of national resources over the past four years was analyzed. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the stage of formation of the concept of auditing the effectiveness of the use of national resources in the domestic legal field, and measures were proposed to develop legislative initiatives in this area with subsequent implementation into the conceptual apparatus. In addition, the need has been identified for the Accounting Chamber, as well as for the Control and Accounting Bodies (hereinafter referred to as CSR) of subjects to coordinate activities with the internal services of companies and their compliance system in order to increase the effectiveness of controlling at all levels. The proposed measures can be applied in all regions of the Russian Federation in order to achieve the objectives of state development on time, in full and with minimal losses.

Развитие цифровых технологий в банковской сфере

Abstract The article is devoted to the vectors of digital technology development in the Russian Federation, various factors affecting the banking sector, as well as the forms of modern digital technologies and the possibility of applying state regulation by the Government of the Russian Federation and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in order to ensure stability and security. Special attention is paid to state regulation in the field of information technology in the banking sector. The author highlights the features of the development of digital technologies in the banking sector. The vectors of innovation development in the banking sector are considered. Methodological tools of the research: analysis of statistical sources of information; in the course of the work, forecasting methods are actively used to study possible ways of developing digital banking vectors. In conclusion, the development vectors for the banking sector in the space of digital transformation are highlighted.

Fairness of Differentiation of Pension Provision for Medical Workers (Based on Judicial Practice)

The article is devoted to the manifestation of differentiation in social security law. It is concluded that it is necessary to more clearly define the criteria for this differentiation in order to justify and equitably redistribute benefits, taking into account the characteristics of specific population groups. Based on an analysis of judicial practice, the most typical cases of refusal of early pension provision due to the failure to include certain periods of work in the special insurance (“medical”) period of service have been identified. The example of early pension provision for medical workers shows some inconsistency in the legal regulation of the provision of this pension guarantee. It is proposed to determine and formulate the goal of early retirement provision for medical workers; to amend the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in order to clarify the consequences of establishing part-time work for the purposes of early pension provision.

Consolidated budgets of the Ural Federal District regions: Comparative assessment and development trends

Subject. This article discusses the issues of budget reform and changes in the regional budgets of the subjects of the Ural Federal District. Objectives. The article aims to assess changes in the regional budgets of the subjects of the Ural Federal District for the period from 2000 to 2022. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis. Results. The article finds that the percentage of the Ural Federal District regions in the total revenues of the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation gets decreasing, while a significant increase in the percentage of non-repayable receipts is recorded in the revenue part of the budgets under study. Conclusions. It is necessary to develop measures to improve the independence of regional budgets, especially in the context of constant external and internal economic changes. This requires adjusting the budget strategy of the Russian Federation in order to ensure the stable financial development of territorial systems.

Новеллы правового регулирования вывозных таможенных пошлин

The article discusses innovations in the legal regulation of export customs duties established by the Government of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the legal nature of the introduced rates of export customs duties, the amount of which depends on the exchange rate of the national currency, formulates proposals for amending the legislation regulating customs relations in the Russian Federation in order to protect the rights of persons exporting goods for personal use, as well as preserving state resources organs.

Перспективы развития научно-популярного туризма в Арктике

The development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation is especially relevant in an unstable geopolitical situation, due to the importance of the region for national security. One of the prospective directions of Arctic exploration is the development of popular science tourism. The aim of the work is to determine the vector of development of popular science tourism in the subjects of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in order to increase the scientific and technological potential of Russia, strengthen the presence of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, and attract young people to research projects related to the sustainable development of the Russian Arctic. As a result of the analysis of the theoretical aspects of popular science tourism, its essence and principles were clarified, and the relevance of the study was revealed based on the popularity of Internet queries. With the help of the "sales funnel", a model of involving potential stakeholders in science is built. A study of the current situation in the field of popular science tourism has revealed its insufficient distribution in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. To determine the most attractive Arctic regions in order to develop popular science tourism, an analysis of the dynamics and structure of indicators characterizing the tourist potential of the territory, which formed the basis for the point rating assessment of the regions included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, was carried out. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk Region.

Методика определения направления в совершенствовании огневой подготовленности сотрудников полиции

Introduction. The research is devoted to the development of a methodology aimed at identifying the weak points of firearms training of officers of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in order to draw attention to certain components of shooting technique to take them into account in training process to improve weapon handling skills. The subject of the research is the methodology of determining the profile of police officers’ competence. The object of the research is the firearms training of internal affairs officers of the Russian Federation. Methods. The following methods were used in solving the research issues: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and documentary resources, observation, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The authors present the results of the level of firearms training of police officers in accordance with performing a shooting exercise. The authors made a comparative analysis of the results of the shooting exercise in accordance with the model values. At the end of the research, the main directions of improving the firearms training of police officers depending on gender differences are revealed. Scientific novelty consists in the substantiation of the methodology for determining the direction of improving the firearms training of police officers and identifying weak points in performing technical elements of the studied exercise.

Trends in abortion-related behaviour of Russians in the context of demographic policy

The article discusses results of an expert survey conducted in February-May 2021 in ten constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to analyze trends in abortion-related behaviour of Russians, as well as to develop recommendations for a comprehensive special program to prevent and reduce abortion rates in the Russian Federation. The conducted expert interviews (n=15) with representatives of socially oriented non-profit organizations (SO NPO) and specialists of health care facilities (gynecologists, psychologists) made it possible to structure the areas of activity in the field of pre-abortion counseling in the constituent entities under study and identify effective institutional resources. The regions under study significantly differed in both socio-cultural characteristics and technologies for organizing pre-abortion counseling. The article doesn’t distinguish between the concepts of “pre-abortion” and “prior to abortion” counseling using them synonymously. The study showed that some experts (with a personal position that abortions are unacceptable without medical indications) are reluctant to use the concepts of “pre-abortion” and “prior to abortion” counseling and prefer to use the concept of “anti-abortion” counselling instead, which, according to hermeneutics, fills this concept with a different meaning, highlighting the purpose of the technologies used. The following problems have been identified: difficulties in collecting statistical data in private health care facilities, insufficient number of qualified specialists, and lack of a unified methodology for conducting pre-abortion counselling. According to the data obtained, the abortion-related behaviour of Russians is being transformed under the influence of new medical technologies. Measures of state support for families with children hardly change the abortion-related behaviour of Russians.

Analysis of foreign practice of tax incentives for the development of high-tech industry

The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budget funds under the state assignment of the Financial University. The subject of the study is specific measures in the field of tax regulation of industrial development by the leading industrial powers of the world. The purpose of the work is to explore the use of tax instruments to influence the manufacturing sector of various countries and the areas of their application, considering their evolution and development. The result of the work is the identification of the most promising methods of tax incentives for high-tech industry enterprises, which in the future can be introduced into taxation practice in the Russian Federation in order to stimulate the achievement of the country's technological sovereignty. The main methods used in this study are comparison, classification, statistical and retrospective analysis, as well as economic and mathematical calculations. The result of the work is the identification of the most promising methods of tax incentives for high-tech industry enterprises. The novelty of the study lies in the systematization of tax mechanisms for high-tech industry in industrialized countries, general trends in the development of such mechanisms, as well as justifying the feasibility of using their experience in the Russian Federation. In addition, the novelty lies in making proposals for the adaptation and modification of these mechanisms to Russian economy. The scope of the work is the tax system of the Russian Federation. The main conclusions are the identification among the analyzed instruments the most suitable ones for our country in the current conditions, which in the future can have a stimulating effect on the formation of the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation, as well as calculation of the potential tax benefits for high-tech industry enterprises.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИЙ РЫНОК АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ИНФЕКЦИЙ В АМБУЛАТОРНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The article presents the results of the analysis of systemic antibacterial drugs registered in the State Register of Medicines [4] and available medicines in pharmacy organizations in Voronezh. Antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial agents are one of the most important groups of medicines, since many of them are included in the list of Vital and essential medicines [5]. Despite the overall improvement in the quality of life, infectious diseases have been and remain a serious health problem worldwide. The growth of antibiotic resistance pushes scientists to search and develop new drugs with the necessary spectrum of action and resistance [1]. This, in turn, obliges pharmaceutical and medical professionals to study the ever-expanding range of medicines in pharmacy organizations to prescribe effective treatment [2]. At the same time, specialists need to take into account external and internal factors affecting the pharmaceutical market in the Russian Federation in order to prescribe to patients not only high-quality and effective, but also affordable drugs. Thus, it was revealed that at the time of the study, 38% of all registered antibacterial drugs were located in Voronezh. Some International nonproprietary names (INN), including in the list of Vital and essential medicines, are completely absent in pharmacies (polymyxin b and daptomycin). In general, there is an active growth in the rate of registration of new drugs in the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation. In this article, using mathematical analysis methods, the percentage ratio of ATС groups [3,6] in the assortment of antibacterial drugs of systemic action is determined, the most common drugs and dosage forms in pharmacy organizations, as well as their manufacturers, were identified.

High risks and weak pace of economic growth: Russia macroeconomic forecast for the medium term

This paper examines prospects for the Russian economy in the mid-term until 2026. The authors identify four key factors that determine future dynamics: sanctions, the state of foreign trade, relations between Russian and foreign businesses, policy of the government and the Bank of Russia. The basic scenario of our forecast is based on the most probable future trends in development of foreign trade, investment activity, industrial dynamics, changes in exchange rate of the national currency, inflationary picture and monetary policy. The conservative scenario takes into account the manifestation of some negative risks, probability of which the authors consider as quite high. For both scenarios, the authors offer a list of risks that can have a significant impact on the forecast values. Results of modeling economic dynamics indicate that in the medium-term Russia will face moderate recovery growth, and there will be no real opportunities to accelerate it. By the end of 2026, the Russian economy will increase in the range of 5.6—7.8% compared to the level of 2021. The results of the presented work can be used for a critical comparison with official forecasts of the Bank of Russia and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation in order to improve the efficiency of budget planning for future periods.

Employment contract with a minor employee

The article discusses current problematic aspects related to concluding an employment contract with minors. As a result of the study, the conclusion is substantiated about the need to improve the labor legislation of the Russian Federation in order to fully implement the right to work and effectively protect workers under 18 years of age.

Assessment of the development of digital financial assets in the Russian Federation based on an empirical analysis of international data on digital assets

The advent of distributed ledger (DLT) technology, also known as blockchain technology and smart contracts, has been a significant factor in the growth of the digital financial assets (DFA) market in the Russian Federation. Despite the market being in its infancy and constrained by Russian legislation, the DFA market is undergoing a period of rapid growth. The author’s thesis is that the development of the DFA market is a reflection of the development of the digital asset market in the world. The author classifies and compares digital assets globally and within the Russian Federation in order to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the market. In addition, the author identifies the trends of digital assets globally by empirical analysis and proposes the reuse of the most successful token classes in accordance with Russian legislation for companies based in the Russian Federation.

Increasing the capacity of the road network of large cities

The possibility of reducing the likelihood of queues and congestion on the city road network is considered. Measures are proposed to reduce the intensity of traffic flows at intersections by organizing places for vehicles to turn around in front of areas with traffic lights and further entry of vehicles into a residential area. It is recommended to introduce amendments to the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation in order to ensure traffic safety. Keywords capacity, vehicle, roadway, intersection, congestion, Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation

Анализ лесных пожаров в Кузбассе за краткосрочный, среднесрочный и долгосрочный период времени

Purpose. The study analyzes statistical data on wildfires in Kemerovo region (Kuzbass) for the period from 2014 to 2023. The work is aimed at studying the indicators that influence the occurrence of wildfires in the short, medium and long term. Methods. Based on the construction of dynamic series, identification of trend lines and a regression model, a correlation analysis of factors affecting the number and area of wildfires has been carried out. These parameters have been also predicted using a regression analysis. Findings. It has been found that the occurrence of wildfires and their scale are influenced not only by meteorological conditions, but also by the amount of financial resources allocated for wildfire safety. The results obtained indicate the need to increase budget allocations for implementing a set of wildfire preventive measures. A procedure for predicting wildfires has been proposed and a forecast of the probable number and area of wildfires in 2024 in Kuzbass has been made. Research application field. The proposed approach will make it possible to predict the probable number and area of wildfires in the Russian Federation in order to develop effective measures for their prevention and timely suppression. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was determined that: – the procedure for predicting wildfires proposed in the work takes into account natural processes and anthropogenic factors; – the number of wildfires is most significantly affected by the average air temperature in May, the most fire-hazardous month of the year for the region; – the area of wildfires directly depends on the percentage of fires suppressed on the first day from the moment of their occurrence, and indirectly depends on the funds allocated for wildfire safety.

Оценка динамики собственного капитала агрохолдингов в Российской Федерации

The aim of the work is to assess the dynamics of the equity capital of agricultural holdings in the Russian Federation in order to analyze changes in their financial, economic and investment potential, as well as to identify factors that affect the change in such dynamics. The study was conducted on the basis of balance sheet data from a sample of 50 individual legal entities - mainly management companies related to the country’s leading agricultural holdings. The trend of increasing both the nominal and real value of the equity capital of agricultural holdings during 2009-2021 is revealed. The trend changed in 2022. The main factors influencing the dynamics of the real value of equity capital of agricultural holdings during the analyzed period are the following: state financial and administrative support; withdrawal from the domestic market of foreign companies-competitors starting from 2014. It is proved that as the real value of equity (that is, the base of comparison) increases, the degree of influence of inflation and the key rate of the Bank of Russia has a greater impact on the dynamics of the studied indicators than other factors. This pattern makes anti-inflationary measures and cheaper loans more appropriate in the list of possible tools for state regulation of the agro-industrial complex. As the real value of equity grows, the marginal usefulness of direct financial support for the subjects under study also decreases. The value of return on equity in terms of net profit of the studied subjects in the amount of 17.17% in the economic conditions of the Russian Federation is estimated by us as one that allows the industry to develop, but does not indicate the presence of superprofit and the possibility of rapid accumulation of investment potential for significant activation of investment processes in related and other industries. In such circumstances, state financial and administrative support for the agricultural sector remains relevant, given the continuing need to ensure the country’s food security.