Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Articles

Influence of varietal characteristics the cabbage in the quality of the products used for pickling after a long storage period

Relevance. Fermentation of cabbage is a common way of processing, which allows to preserve and strengthen its useful qualities. To date, breeders have proposed a significant number of varieties and hybrids of cabbage, each of which has its own individual biochemical characteristics. Traditional sauerkraut is carried out after harvest. Long storage can affect the change in the content of organic acids and sugars in cabbage.Methods. The aim of the work was to study the parameters of the fermentation process of eight varieties and hybrids of cabbage by selection in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center by the intensity of sugar reduction, accumulation of organic acids, organoleptic parameters and activity of lactic acid microorganisms. Fermentation was carried out after a 5-month period of storage of heads.Results. The results showed that the storage period did not affect the fermentation result of most of the studied varieties and hybrids of cabbage. There are varietal differences in the initial content of mono-and disaccharides, organic acids, which affected the fermentation process. The increased content of malic acid in the variety population Podarok, F1 Severyanka contributed to the slowdown of the first stage of fermentation. Varietal features of the Parus population contributed to the slowdown of the first and second stages of fermentation, which was manifested in a decrease in the rate of destruction of sugars. Variety Zymovka 1474 in the process of processing by fermentation accumulates a significant amount of succinic acid, which can characterize its special difference among the studied varieties and hybrids. The best organoleptic characteristics were distinguished by hybrids of fermented cabbage F1 Likova, F1 Natali, F1 Mechta and F1 Snezhinka. The results of the study suggest that the processing of cabbage by fermentation should take into account its individual varietal biochemical features. This will not only preserve the valuable nutritional properties of the cabbage itself, but also strengthen them by optimizing the natural process of lactic acid fermentation. The result will be the best organoleptic effect achieved by an optimal combination of lactic and citric acids and mono-sugars.

Influence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris on the growth of etiolated and photosynthetic seedlings of Brassica oleracea

Relevance. In recent years, physiologists are very interested in studying the characteristics of the growth and development of seedlings under conditions of etiolation. Etiolated seedlings, as a model object, are interesting in studying the responses of a plant organism to the effects of various biotic environmental factors. In this regard, a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the influence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Хсс) on growth processes in the early stages of development of white cabbage plants, depending on the racial composition of the pathogen, is very important.Material and method. The study was carried out on the basis of the immunity and plant protection laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC). The material of research were seeds of two varieties of white cabbage with different resistance to vascular bacteriosis and four races of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Хсс1, Хсс3, Хсс4 и Хсс6). Sterile seeds of each variety were laid out in Petri cups. Infection with different races of Xcc was carried out by introducing into each Petri cup 1 ml of a bacterial suspension of a two-day culture at a concentration of 106 cells/ml. Half of the Petri cups were placed in a thermostat without illumination, the other was exposed to light under a 16- hour regime of illumination with diffused light. The magnitude and orientation of biological effects of studied factors on biometric parameters of seedlings were evaluated by the relative deviation of the difference between parameters of the experimental and control variants.Results. A different degree of influence of the resistance of the variety and the aggressiveness of the pathogen race on the growth of individual parts of the seedling has been established, and the response of etiolated and photosynthetic seedlings to infection is often the opposite. In the susceptible cultivar Slava 1305, acceleration of root and hypocotyl growth in the dark (Хсс3, Хсс4 and Хсс1) and inhibition of these processes in the light (Хсс1, Хсс4 and Хсс6) were noted. Relatively stable SB-3 F1 hybrid has more pronounced raspecificity of the effect of Xcc on root growth and stimulation of hypocotyl growth in all variants, which was 2-8 times lower in etiolated seedlings when infected with Xcc6 and Xcc1 races than in light ones, and when infected by the races Xcc1 and Xcc4, the effect was comparable.

Распространение и меры борьбы с кишечными цестодозами и стронгилятозами овец и коз в Дагестане

The purpose of the research is testing the effectiveness of a new method of group deworming of sheep and goats with intestinal cestodosis and strongylatosis in the conditions of the Caspian region of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on sheep and goats of different ages infected with Strongylata spp., Nematodirus spp., Moniesia spp. in the form of mono- and mixed infections, in livestock farms which are unsuccessful for these infecions and at the laboratory for the study of infective diseases of farm animals and birds from the Caspian zonal NIVI (SRVI) – Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Agrarian Research Center RD". For this purpose, in the Agricultural Production Cooperative "Tindi" located in the Babayurtovsky zone of transhumance pastures, 750 sheep and goats were selected, which were divided into two groups — experimental and control — before moving to summer pastures. The animals from the experimental group were subjected to the group dehelminthization by feeding Febtal granulate and Helmicide granulate preparations with food in combination with bentonite flour and sodium chloride. The control group animals were not given a drug mixture. During the experiment, sheep and goats were kept under identical conditions and were monitored daily. Before and after treatment, feces of animals were examined using the methods of Fulleborn, Weid and serial washing. Statistical processing of test results of anthelmintics was carried out according to the program "Biometry". Results and discussion. It was found that cestodosis and strongylatosis of the digestive tract of sheep and goats are widespread in the vertical zonality of the region. The highest infection rate was found in sheep and goats on the plain: respectively, Strongylata spp. by 26.04 and 19.3%, Nematodirus spp. by 28.0 and 24.6%, Moniesia spp. by 33.1 and 29.16%, and in the foothills – by 26.8 and 23.28%, 26.4 and 22.9%, 31.3 and 26.7%. Sheep and goats are infected with cestodes and strongylates to a lesser extent in highlands and mountains. The proposed new composition provides high efficiency in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal cestodosis and strongylatosis in sheep and goats. Thus, the dehelminthization efficiency was 96.0% with 64.0% infection of animals with Trichostrongylus spp. before the experiment. After the dehelminthization, Strongylata spp. eggs were detected in 6 % of sheep and goats. Efficiency against Nematodirus spp. was 98% and against Moniesia spp. was 100%.

Использование NDVI для определения содержания азота в растениях озимой пшеницы в условиях Ставропольского края

Abstract. Lack of nitrogen leads to a decrease in yield and grain quality in winter wheat plants. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor nitrogen nutrition throughout the period of growth and development of plants, which will quickly assess the need for fertilizing to obtain high yields of quality grain. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish the possibility of using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to control the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants in the Stavropol territory. Methods. The work was performed in federal state budgetary scientific institution “North-Caucasian Federal Agricultural Research Centre” at the production of winter crops. Selection of plant samples (sheaf material) was carried out according to the generally accepted method. Repeated – 4x. Determination of the chemical composition of plant organs was carried out by the method of V. T. Kurkaev with co-authors, and the content of chlorophyll – Milaeva and Primak. Results. Since the quality of winter wheat grain directly depends on the nitrogen supply of plants, the relationships between the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants and the values of the vegetation index NDVI were studied. High correlation coefficients between these indicators are obtained. Thus, the average of Rcorr fields.in 2012 it was equal to –0.89, and in 2013 and 2014 –0.82. In addition, due to the dependence of nitrogen content on the amount of chlorophyll, it was possible to analyze the correlation between these indicators and NDVI fields, which showed that a stable relationship (inverse) is observed in the case of the amount of chlorophyll per unit biomass (mg/g), which is estimated on average at –0.79. The interrelation between grain quality and earth remote sensing data is revealed. It is most clearly seen in the case of the maximum and average NDVI for the period from the resumption of spring vegetation to full ripeness of winter wheat. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of unstable humidification of the Stavropol territory, a high inverse correlation between the vegetation index NDVI and the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants was determined, which on average is estimated by the correlation coefficient equal to –0.84.

Efficacy of Probiotic Preparation Based on Propionic Acid Bacteria in the Diets of Broiler Chickens

The article presents the results of testing in the diets of broiler chickens of probiotic preparation ”Propionic”, developed by the staff of the laboratory of Microbiology of the ”Siberian research Institute for cheese- making” Department of the Federal State budgetary scientific institution ”Federal Altai center of agrobiotechnology”, which includes a multi-strain culture of propionic acid bacteria species Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Scientific and economic experience was carried out under the conditions of poultry farm LLC ”Kuzbass broiler” of the Kemerovo region. For the research 2 groups of chickens-broilers (80 in each) was formed. The control group received the basic diet without probiotic. In the experimental groups to the main diet instead of feed antibiotic preparation ”Propionic” was added. In chickens of the experimental group, receiving probiotic preparation ”Propionic”, there was an increase in live weight by 2.38 %, absolute and average daily growth-by 2.42 %. The safety of probiotic-treated chickens was increased by 1.25%. Morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in chickens of control and experimental groups were within physiological norm that testifies to a healthy physiological condition of a bird. The serum of chickens treated with probiotic showed a decrease in the concentration of glucose by 2.97 % and cholesterol-by 6.38 %. The use of the probiotic preparation ”Propionic” allowed reducing feed costs per 1 kg of growth by 2.87 % and get an additional profit of 2.98 RUB from one head.

PRIMARY TILLAGE FOR WINTER DURUM WHEAT

The primary tillage in crop cultivation determines the conditions for their growth and development. This is especially important for winter durum wheat, which has an underdeveloped root system and it requires a better approach to creating favorable conditions through tillage. There have been studied three methods of tillage: moldboard plowing on 22–25 cm (PN is 5-35); beardless plowing on 22–25 cm (PCh is2.5); disk plowing on 0–12 cm (AG is 2.4). The study was carried out in the southern area of the Rostov region in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (2011–2015). The trial was carried out by generally accepted methods, which made it possible to establish the advantages of the moldboard and beardless plowing of black fallow on 22–25 cm compared to disk plowing on 10-12 cm when cultivating winter durum wheat. Tillage contributed to a lower density in the arable horizon (1.08 and 1.09 g/cm3 ), to a greater microbiological soil activity (up to 37%), and to better moisture supply during the growing season. Moldboard plowing contributed to an availability increase of such nutrients as potassium and nitrogen, and disk plowing contributed to accumulation of available phosphorus. The improved physical soil properties contributed to greater productivity. At disk plowing, winter durum wheat productivity was on average 4.93 t/ha through the years of study. At boardless and moldboard plowing wheat productivity was 5.38 and 5.55 t/ha for non-plow and dump plowing, respectively. Soil treatment did not affect the quality indicators.

Comparison of the forecasting results of Black Sea surface temperature obtained in the FSBSI MHI and Copernicus marine environment monitoring service

The paper considers the matters of numerical modelling and forecast estimation accu-racy of sea surface temperature in the two monitoring and forecasting centers of the Black Sea – in Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS» (FSBSI MHI) and Copernicus marine environment monitoring service. The CTD (Conductivity Temper-ature Depth) profiling data of in situ measurements from research vessel “Professor Vod-yanitskiy” were used to solve the problem. Spatial and temporal mismatch between the model data and in situ measurements was eliminated to form a joint sample of these two data sources. Comparison was performed for the time period from October 2017 to September 2018 and showed that the forecasting results of sea water temperature in FSBSI MHI are more reliable than in Copernicus marine service for all forecast terms.

CROP YIELD AND CONCENTRATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN THE LEAVES OF THE SPRING WHEAT WHEN THEM SUFFERING FROM SEPTORIA BLIGHT

The authors explore the varieties and perspective breeding lines of the North-East Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution with varying degrees of resistance to Septoria by yield and composition of the pigment complex in the leaves under the conditions of the Kirov region, were studied . Under the conditions of the growing season in 2017, characterized by excessive moisture, the strong development of a fungal infection (the degree of damage to the leaf is 22.0-62.3%) led to a decrease in the overall productivity of plants. The correlation coefficient between the defeat of Septoria and cereal and biological yields took average negative values (r = -0.43 and -0.44). The difference among the average parameters in the groups of moderately stable and susceptible varieties was 0.23 t/ha for grain yield and 0.49 t/ha for aboveground biomass. From the exit phase into the tube to heading an increase in the content of chlorophilic pigments and a decrease in the content of carotenoids per unit d ry mass of the leaf were observed in all varieties. However, in the group of susceptible varieties, the increase in chlorophyll a + b was less significant, and the content of carotenoids decreased more dramatically. In 2018, with a lower infectious load (the degree of damage was 9.5-47.0%), there were no significant differences in yield and the number of chlorophylls a and b in varieties of different resistance groups. In most cases, the content of chlorophylls a + b and carotenoids decreased by the flowering phase. C-64 and C-65 selection lines, tolerant to septoria, maintained a consistently high level of pigments. The correlation analysis reflects that the content of photosynthetic pigments in the exit phase into the tube was reliably associated with the development of the vegetative mass of plants, and with grain yield it happened in the flowering phase. No significant connection between the defeat of Septoria and the number of chlorophylls a and b in the flowering phase was found, but there was a decrease in the percentage of carotenoids in the total amount of pigments, depending on the extent of injury.

ADAPTIVITY OF NEW VARIETY OF OMSKIY 101 SPRING BARLEY

The authors see the creation of potentially high-yield varieties of barley adapted to the conditions of a particular region as a priority for selection. The study characterizes a new two-row variety of spring barley Omskiy 101 in terms of yield and adaptability for the conditions of the southern forest-steppe in Western Siberia. Comprehensive studies were carried out on the experimental fields of Omsk ANC premises from 2014 to 2018. The originator of spring barley Omskiy 101 was the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Omsk ANC. A parental material was taken from the variety given by the Vavilov Federal Research Center Russian Institute of Plant and Genetic Resources. The variety Omskiy 101 belongs to the forest-steppe ecological group of varieties, drought tolerant, midseason, resistant to lodging. Distinctive features: average height; semi-straight, medium thickness and strenght stem, the color of the stem nodes brown; the average width of the leaf, the absence of pubescence on the vaginas of the lower leaves, the presence of a wax coating; two-row, membranous, spinous spike of cylindrical shape; the transition of flower scales to the spine is gradual, the nerve is poorly expressed; the spines are long, smooth, parallel to the spike, of medium roughness; possible anthocyanin coloration of tips and serration, hairy bristles; the grain is yellow, filmy, semi-elongated, large. The variety is highly harvested in Western Siberia (an increase of 0.55 t/ha to the standard in the Southern forest-steppe zone and 0.38 t/ha in the steppe on average for the period of research from 2014 to 2018). The variety is characterized by responsiveness to improved growing conditions as determined by S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell (bi = 1,1), and according to the methods proposed by A.A. Gryaznov (IEP = 1.05) and C. Wricke (Wi = 0.20). The studied variety was also characterized by increased stability (σ2d = 0.1 according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell) and adaptability (KA = 104.6% according to L.A. Zhivotkov). The variety was submitted for state variety testing in 2018 in the Ural (9), West Siberian (10) and East Siberian (11) regions.

Promising elite forms of Asiatic lilies bred at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre”

Promising elite forms of Asiatic lilies bred at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre”

FOOD ADVANTAGES OF BEANS, SOYBEANS AND PEAS VARIETIES DEVELOPED BY THE SAMARA RIA

The purpose of the study is to assess the food, chemical and technological qualities of modern beans, soybeans and peas varieties developed by the Samara RIA. The study was carried out in the laboratory of the technological and analytical service of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution ‘Samara Research Institute of Agriculture’ in 2014–2018. There were analyzed taste, chemical, organoleptic, technological qualities of legumes varieties. There was established high nutritional value of the beans varieties ‘Samaryankaʼ, ‘BF 12ʼ, the peas varieties ‘Flagman 9ʼ, ‘Flagman 10ʼ, ‘Flagman 12ʼ, ‘Samariusʼ, ‘Stepnyakʼ and ‘Volzhaninʼ. These beans and peas varieties had excellent taste (4–5 points), the seeds were evenly (coefficient of cooking property is 2.5) and quickly cooked (no more than 160 minutes) and had an attractive marketable state. An analysis of soybean quality showed the suitability of the varieties ‘Samer 1ʼ and ‘Samer 4ʼ for milk and cheese production, and ‘Samer 1ʼ and ‘Samer 2ʼ for butter production. It was established that all studied soybean varieties accumulated a high percentage of protein in seeds (up to 40–42%). Soya texture of these varieties added to food products will ensure protein balance. According to the content of essential amino acids in protein of legume seeds, soybean was the best. However, the proportion of essential amino acids in the total amino acid composition (essential and non-replaceable) was high in beans and peas (38 and 37%). The proportion in soybeans was 34%. The peas varieties ‘Flagman 9ʼ and ‘Flagman 10ʼ, the beans line ‘BF 12ʼ and the variety ‘Bezenchukskaya belayaʼ, the soybean variety ‘Samer 2ʼ had the largest amount of essential amino acids among other beans, peas and soybean varieties. The studied legume varieties can be used as the breeding sources for seed quality.

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ВИРУСНЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ ОВОЩНЫХ КУЛЬТУР В ФГБНУ ФНЦО (МОНИТОРИНГ, ИММУНИТЕТ, ИСТОЧНИКИ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ)

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ВИРУСНЫХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ ОВОЩНЫХ КУЛЬТУР В ФГБНУ ФНЦО (МОНИТОРИНГ, ИММУНИТЕТ, ИСТОЧНИКИ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ)

EFFECTIVENESS OF UREA WITH UREASE INHIBITOR – UTEC TO THE POTATO

In the he article are presented the research result on effectiveness of application new form of urea on potato. New urea form is urea with urease inhibitors. This fertilities type allow to reduce losses of nitrogen in ammonium form. Field experiment was carried out in 2017 on solonetc light chestnut soils with heavy granulometric compound in the conditions of the Volgograd region in the experimental polygon of the lower Volga agricultural research Institute – branch of Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific center for agro-ecology, integrated land reclamation and protective afforestation wounds". As an object of research used potatoes mid-early table varieties Nevsky. The advantage of a new fertilizer form is the yield increase and improvement of tubers quality. Urea UTEC application leads to formation bigger and uniform tuber size. The use of urea UTEC provide the potato yield of 56.4 t/ha, with marketable tubers fraction up to 54.82 t/ha, the total yield increase to the control – 35.6%, in monetary terms this amounted to 245887.0 RUB/ha additional profit. Under these conditions, was obtained lowest amount of non-marketable yield – 0.16 t/ha, which is 2.65 times less than in the control variant. The advantage of urea UTEC application in comparison with ammonium nitrate was the increase in the yield of marketable potatoes by 5.1 t/ha and an additional profit up to 76.8 thousand rubles/ha. The Assessment of the potato quality showed that the best treatment was also the treatment with UTEC urea, the starch content in tubers was 9.22%. Note that almost the same value of the indicator in the variant with the use of urea (option 2), and the lowest starch content was noted when using ammonium nitrate – 9.05%.

ACCELERATION OF THE BREEDING PROCESS TO CREATE A LINEAR MATERIAL OF RED BEET

The traditional production of linear material and hybrids in the selection of red beet is a time-consuming, long-term process due to the two - year cycle of plant development, self-and cross-incompatibility, inbred depression. Significantly reduce the life cycle of the plant allows the vernalization at different stages of development, including during the "steckling". Cultivation of plants with the use of steckling culture in the selection of red beet has not yet found wide application and has not been studied enough, in this regard, in 2009-2018 on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. The material of the study was inbred offspring I 1-5 , which were studied in several series of independent experiments using different schemes of growing stecklings and roots (one-year and biennial cycles). It is shown that the use of culture of steckling and protected ground for breeding schemes to create lines of red beet is advisable, as it accelerates the process of evaluating the heterogeneity of inbred progenies for earliness, index, root, the manifestation of cytoplasmic sterility, and also allows you to get a wider range of different inbred forms due to the high variability in the offspring. The probability of a valuable fully-sterile ms-forms higher in the group of early maturing plants with a large mass stecklings and promising self-compatibility mf-lines - among small fractions of mid and late inbred offspring. The continuous use of steckling culture should be recommended only for the preliminary evaluation of breeding material on sign of cytoplasmic sterility, followed by the reproduction of selected promising inbred offspring in the open field ("halves method"), and at later stages of the breeding process as a rapid assessment of crossing combinations on sign of cytoplasmic sterility when checking mf-forms on the fixing ability. The alternation of the culture of stecklings with the traditional biennial cycle of culture in conjunction with the techniques of recurrent selection and use of different backgrounds (field, greenhouse), can improve the performance of the selection and get aligned according to the main economic-important signs of promising inbred offspring in a shorter period of time.

Genetic monitoring of natural sturgeon spawning in the lower Volga for the period 2017-2018

Genetic monitoring of natural sturgeon spawning in the lower Volga for the period 2017-2018

PERSPECTIVES OF BREEDING OF VEGETABLE CROPS OF FABACEAE FAMILY TO BEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (Potyvirus, Potyviridae) RESISTANCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MOSCOW REGION

In the context of climate change phytomonitoring of the prevalence of the most common viral pathogens on the crops becomes even more important, because during the last decades the harmfulness of those pathogens, in particular Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) has grown in intensity. The causative agent as the most members of Рotyvirus genus, has a wide range of host plants belonging to various families including Fabaceae. In Russia the virus was for the first time identified in the south of the Far East, where in the middle of XX century the massive damage of clove, lupine, sweet pea, pea, bean and Russian bean was observed. The distribution area of BYMV considerably expanded after advancement of heat-loving leguminous crops towards north. During the last years epiphytotics were reported in the planted crops of kidney bean (Phasйolus vulgбris L.), and Russian bean (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) under conditions of temperate continental climate of nonchernozem belt in the RF. It is not feasible to eradicate natural BYMV foci, while the control of the causative agent carriers as a preventive measure is not very effective. There fore at present the search for the sources of resistance to BYMV and creation of parent selection material is a priority area of our phytopatologic research. At the present stage the tasks included: identification and study of the properties of BYMV Moscow isolates; integral assessment of resistance and other economically valuable characteristics of collection material and breeding stock material of kidney bean (810 specimens) and Russian bean (40 specimens) generated in the Laboratory of Legume Selection and Seed Production, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. To achieve the goal visual, serological diagnostic methods were used together with biotesting and electron microscopy. The research revealed special physical-chemical characteristics of BYMV Moscow isolates characterized by 100% harmfulness when occurred as co-infection with the other viruses. The main symptoms caused by the above isolates in indicator plants and host plants under conditions of Moscow Region have been described. Evaluation of collection and selection materials of kidney bean and Russian bean formed the basis for identification of the sources of resistance to BYMV exhibiting integrated economically valuable properties (early ripeness, bean shape and color, productivity, etc.). These specimens have been included into selection program of the Federal Research Vegetable Center which is aimed on creation of high-productive varieties of the kidney bean meeting the modern market demands.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE OF THE WHITE CABBAGE LINES TO PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICAE WOR. AGAINST ARTIFICIAL INFECTION BACKGROUND

Clubroot disease (causative organism Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) is among the most economically important and harmful diseases of the cole crops, and the damage due to this disease may reach up to 50-75% of the yield and even 100% in epiphytotics years. Even resistant varieties become susceptible over the years, because of appearance of the new pathogen races and change of climatic conditions in the main growing areas of the crop. In this context the Laboratory of Plant Immunity and Protection, of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” implements continuous phytoimmunological evaluation of collection and selection specimens and also directional material rather than just annual monitoring of causative organism dissemination in order to find new resistance sources. For this purpose an artificial infection background is used: compost obtained from decomposed nodules on the cabbage roots affected by clubroot disease (infection load 105-106 spores/cm3). The resistance of white cabbage varieties was evaluated during the harvesting period using five-point score of the root system damage, which formed the basis for categorization into resistance groups. For the analysis of artificial background intensity and specimen ranking the individual plants of the white cabbage variety Slava 1305, which is a susceptibility standard, were randomly planted in the entire area of the infection background. The impact of atmospheric conditions in the study year on the results of phytopathological evaluation of cabbage selection specimens against the infection background is demonstrated. Under unfavorable conditions for pathogen development (2014) the most specimens (74%) were categorized as relatively resistant, while in favourable for pathogen year 2015 relatively resistant specimens comprised only 5% of the total number of studied specimens. Since the same specimen may show different level of resistance depending on the year conditions, the stability of character manifestation is the important criterion for identification of the resistance resources. Phytopathological evaluation aimed on selection of clubroot-resistant forms in the Moscow region should last for at least three years even with the use of infection background. Long-lasting evaluation showed that the strains No 234/15,140/14,216/17 exhibiting high resistance to clubroot against artificial infection background regardless of the year conditions are the most valuable for selection. The resistance of white cabbage selection varieties to clubroot disease was studied against the infection background.

INTEGRAL QUALITY OF FRESH TOMATO IN STORAGE CONDITIONS

Preservation of the quality of fresh products for companies engaged in the implementation of fresh fruit and vegetable products is an important task in managing supply chains in both transport and warehouse logistics. This work presents an estimate of the loss of quality of fresh tomato under the influence of various temperature regimes using an integral quality parameter. Integral quality parameter index consists of deviations of biochemical parameters (vitamin C, acidity, glucose and the sum of sugars) at the recommended storage temperature (plus 8°C) from the values of these the same indicators at temperatures different from it; the frequency of the participation of the indicators in the correlation dependences between the indices and the highest degree of correlation, estimated from the value of the Pearson coefficient. Using the QFD methodology, the relationship of consumer requirements with technical requirements for the quality of fresh tomato has been determined, and the parameters that have the greatest impact on quality have been established. Approbation of the parameter “integral quality” was carried out on the basis of the data of the experiment conducted in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (Krasnodar), on the influence of temperature regimes on the quality of tomato “Torbash” in the process of storage. The proposed model of quality forecasting can be recommended to companies selling fresh tomatoes, carrying out logistic activities in the supply chains of this vegetable production, and can also serve as a basis for assessing the quality of other fruit and vegetable products.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES FROM THE DISEASE OF CARROTS

In 2016, 2017 studies on the influence of fungicides on the development of diseases on the leaf surface of carrots were carried out. To study were taken fungicides Akanto Plus, Signum, fast and Rex duo. The research was carried out on the varieties of carrots of the Primorskyaya 22 and Taiphun. The work was carried out at the seaside vegetable Experimental Station – branch of the federal State budget scientific institution "Federal Scientific Center of vegetable growing" in coastal zone of Primorsky Krai in conditions of monsoon climate with annual quantity Precipitation 700-800 mm, most of which falls on the summer period. Natural climatic factors of Primorsky Krai create the most favorable conditions for development of high infectious background of pathogenic flora. The leaves of carrots here are amazed fitopatogenami from childbirth Alternaria, Cercospora, Xanthomonas. Diseases appear in the sowing of carrots usually in the second half of the growing season, after clamping tops in rows. The first treatment of drugs was carried out at the appearance of the first signs of disease on the leaf surface of the carrot, two subsequent treatments-in 14-16 days, depending on weather conditions. The most biological efficacy after three treatment showed the fungicide Signum: 53.2% on the variety of Primorskyaya 22 and 54.3% on the grade Taiphun, which contributed to the highest yield of carrots in this variant. The increase in the yield of standard root crops was here 10.0 t/ha or 41.0% on the grade of the Primorskyaya 22 and 7.6 t/ha or 28.4% on the grade Taiphun compared to the control version.

Oat-Sowing Methods on Drained Lands

The article presents the results of research on oat-sowing methods on drained lands. The research was carried out on the experimental fields of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russia Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (VNIIMZ). In experiments, ordinary row (SZ-3.6), surface-scattered, and comb-like band-scattered sowing methods were compared. It has been established that oats on desiccated lands should be grown on crests 40–80 mm high with local compaction of soil under the crest and pressing seeds into the soil. The yield increments with the comb method of sowing are 0.13–0.39 t/ha or 3.6–13.9% in relation to the existing sowing technology (SZ-3.6), and direct costs for the production of 1 t of grain are reduced by 2.9–10.5%. The yield of oats was increased, mainly due to an increase in the number of grains in a panicle by 4.2–9.8 pieces, and its total productivity was increased by 11.3–34.7%. Pressing seeds into the soil with the comb method of sowing increased the yield of oats against the background of cultivation by 0.21–0.28 t/ha, increased the safety of oat plants, increased the number of stems with a panicle at 9.2–11.5%, and the mass of the grain in a panicle by 1.9–6.5% due to the increase in the number of grains. A certain interest for the conditions of the northwest of the Nonchernozem zone, especially of small peasant holdings, is also represented by the scattered method of sowing oats without coulter. Labor productivity in sowing increases 1.5–3 times, labor costs per 1 hectare during sowing operations are reduced by 37.6–58.4%, and fuel consumption is reduced by 7.4–39.2%. When using trailed spreaders of mineral fertilizers for sowing seeds, there is no need for separate auxiliary operations, special loaders and transport for seed transportation. At the same time, the terms of field work are reduced, the adaptation of seeding technology to soil-meliorative conditions is increased, and the sealing effect of running systems of tractors and machines on soil is reduced (by 2–4 times).