Federal Sphere Research Articles

Government budget and priorities for sports in Brazil (2004-2020)

ABSTRACT Research question The objective of this study was to map the budget resources allocated by the Brazilian federal government and examine the priorities of the national sports policies from 2004 to 2020. Research methods This quantitative-qualitative documental research was based on data regarding resources allocated by the Brazilian federal budget between 2004 and 2020, available in the portal SIGA Brazil. Results and findings We concluded that the Brazilian federal government allocated a total of US$ 4.9 billion to sports actions, which is 0.06% of the total federal budget. While the federal budget remained stable, with little annual changes, the sports budget significantly oscillated in real and percentage investment values. These were concentrated in infrastructure (US$ 3.2bn – 57.2%), educational/participation sports (US$ 712 m – 17.7%), elite sports (US$ 575 m – 14.3%), and management (US$ 436 m – 10.8%). Implications Although the hosting of mega-events has promoted increases in investments and attention in the sports area, these have not ensured a greater commitment to the promotion of educational/participation sport at the federal sphere. The biggest gains, although punctual and inconsistent, were concentrated in elite sport policy.

Dissemination of the Family Health Strategy: explanatory factors of the adhesion of municipalities in São Paulo, Brazil, in the coercive context of induction by the federal government

The scope of this paper is to analyze the adhesion of municipalities in São Paulo to the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The adhesion data in SP showed that it did not occur unanimously, immediately or uniformly. The theory of policy diffusion was used, with the objective of studying the process of adoption and implementation of public policies by subnational entities, in contexts where coercion occurs in the federal sphere. From the discussions related to the diffusion mechanism called coercion, the following question was answered: what explains the diffusion of the FHS in the municipalities of SP, in the coercive context of vertical influence? The survival analysis technique was applied to identify explanatory factors for the diffusion of the FHS, considering political and party variables of institutional design, neighborhood influence, internal needs, and structural factors. The results reveal that horizontal interactions between both ideological and regional subnational governments, as well as the local social, economic and political issues are relevant to understand the research questions. This finding enables us to reflect on the limits of vertical influence in the promotion of initiatives for subnational governments.

Invasive species policy in Brazil: a review and critical analysis

SummaryBiological invasions represent one of the main threats to biodiversity and a recognized economic burden worldwide; the issue has been included in the conservation agenda such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Brazil is a signatory country of the CBD; however, the number of alien species records in its territory is continuously rising. To evaluate the invasive alien species (IAS) policy in Brazil, we reviewed the legislation delineating historical trends to identify potential gaps and avenues for improvement. We consulted several websites using keywords related to invasions in order to track legal instruments such as laws, decrees and regulations. We classified the documents regarding their main aims with regard to IAS, taxon and environment of interest. We found 85 legal instruments in force related to IAS published in the federal sphere up to October 2021, with decrees being the most common type. Most documents were classified as ‘control’ and ‘prevention’ and were related to all taxa and environments. Two species (wild boar Sus scrofa and golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei) have more specific legislation, probably due to their conspicuous economic impacts. We discuss policy gaps and their implications for the efficient management and prevention of new IAS introductions to the country.

Currículo da educação infantil e sua relação com o marco referencial da rede municipal de ensino de Sorocaba/SP, sob a ótica freireana

O presente artigo tem por objetivo buscar aproximações e distanciamentos entre os documentos oficiais da esfera federal sobre educação infantil com o Marco Referencial da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Sorocaba, tendo como aporte teórico a concepção de currículo sob a ótica freireana. Consideramos as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Educação Infantil como o principal documento de análise, uma vez que compreendemos que é neste documento que a concepção de currículo se apresenta de forma explícita. Iniciamos apresentando e contextualizando o Marco Referencial do município de Sorocaba, do ano de 2017. Abordaremos brevemente a concepção de currículo crítico, a concepção de currículo em Freire e alguns pressupostos da sua Educação Libertadora. Em seguida, abordaremos qual a concepção curricular presente nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Educação Infantil. E finalmente articularemos as concepções curriculares presentes no documento, que orientam a Educação Infantil, com trechos e concepções presentes no Marco Referencial de Sorocaba.

SOCIAL ASSISTANT WORK MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION POLICY

The study aimed to understand the importance of the Social Worker work management process in Education Policy, more specifically in the Coordination of Social Work Course. It was questioned whether the theoretical and methodological principles of management apply in the federal public sector, where the work to be carried out already obeys a previously planned and orchestrated agenda by the federal sphere, as it obeys plans and goals established by the managing bodies of policies public. Then, it was asked whether it would be possible to build the theoretical-practical process of management and how to carry it out in the field of professional practice, where the overvaluation of bureaucratic work directly interferes with professional action, a process that contributes to the construction of a practice emptied and uncritical professional. Also in this questioning guideline, it was also asked, what are the theoretical and practical principles of management that the social worker could appropriate as a work tool in his performance in the public sector, where the professional routinely runs into institutional limits and power relations established in the state apparatus. The documentary and bibliographic study was characterized by its exploratory character and qualitative approach. It was considered that the process of valuing bureaucratic work has been gradually encouraging the bureaucratization of practice and the professional void, a fact that conditions professional practice to bureaucratic and routine tasks. Work management and the ability to plan and organize professional action on a purposeful basis become instruments of great importance in the formulation of proposals to face the challenges posed to Social Service professionals.
 KEYWORDS: Management; Planning; Education; Social Work; Work.

National Program for the Evaluation of Health Services (PNASS) 2015-2016: an analysis on Brazil's hospitals.

The present work aims to evaluate the performance of hospitals participating on the National Program for the Evaluation of Health Services (Programa Nacional de Avaliação de Serviços de Saúde - PNASS, 2015-2016). This is a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study, which measured the performance of hospitals participating in the program, using data from the first PNASS 2015-2016 evaluation instrument. The processes evaluation questionnaire used in hospitals had 102 items, 17 criteria, grouped into four blocks or dimensions. A total of 1,681 hospitals was evaluated. The average score for each block was: Organizational management (64); technical and logistical support for care provision (73); health care and care management (64); specific services/units (72). Regarding the administrative sphere, the best average performance was of the federal sphere, followed by the state and municipal ones. The hospitals located in the Southern and Southeastern regions presented the best performance (73), followed by the Midwestern (62.7), Northeastern (61.2), and Northern (58.5) regions. The hospitals that perform highly complex procedures, just like those large and special ones, obtained a better performance. Public federal hospitals, with municipal management, also had the best results, as well as hospitals from the Southern and Southwestern regions of the country.

As disputas, o desenho e a aplicação dos recursos do FGTS entre 1998 e 2017

Resumo Este trabalho analisa as disputas, o desenho e a aplicação dos recursos do FGTS (Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço) destinados ao financiamento habitacional entre 1998 e 2017. A análise evidencia que o fundo cumpriu uma função central no atendimento habitacional para a população de baixa renda nesse período, especialmente a partir da concessão de subsídios com esse fim, chamados de descontos. A sua criação em 1998 foi seguida por uma expansão dos recursos com essa finalidade. Nos anos 2000, houve uma ampliação desses recursos especialmente com a resolução n. 460 do CCFGTS e o programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. O fundo continuou a subsidiar a habitação social também em meio a um contexto de políticas guiadas pela austeridade no âmbito federal a partir de 2012.

Capacitação de servidores do IFRS sob a perspectiva da Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Pessoal - PNDP

O presente artigo apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa que tem como tema central a capacitação de servidores do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) numa perspectiva de formação integral e à luz dos preceitos da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. A pesquisa referida está vinculada ao Mestrado Profissional em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica – ProfEPT, do Campus Porto Alegre do IFRS. No âmbito do IFRS, lócus da pesquisa, a capacitação de servidores é um tema estratégico para a garantia da oferta de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) voltada para a formação integral de cidadãos, estando prevista no Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI). Recentemente o Decreto nº 5.707/2006, foi revogado pelo Decreto nº 9.991/2019, provocando diversas alterações na condução das ações de capacitação na esfera federal. Desta forma, o presente artigo visa à análise do que era preconizado pelo Decreto nº 5.707/2006, traçando-se um paralelo com o Programa de Capacitação dos Servidores do IFRS (Resolução Consup IFRS nº 114/2014), cuja finalidade é servir de base para um estudo posterior sobre os impactos do Decreto nº 9.991/2019 nas ações e políticas de capacitação dos servidores da instituição. A abordagem metodológica adotada é a pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza aplicada, do tipo exploratória, em que os dados foram produzidos por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo como principal fonte de dados os decretos anteriormente citados e suas regulamentações, bem como o Programa de Capacitação dos Servidores do IFRS. Percebeu-se que o referido programa acompanha ao preconizado pelo então revogado Decreto nº 5.707/2006, sendo possível antever o primeiro impacto do Decreto nº 9.991/2019, que é a revisão das normativas internas do IFRS que versam sobre o tema capacitação de servidores. Alerta-se, contudo, que ao revisá-las, tenha-se como horizonte a formação integral dos servidores da instituição.

The recovery of wages: Legal services and access to justice

A basic test of a labour law regime is the enforcement of minimum wage and other entitlements. This paper is concerned with the recovery of underpayments especially recovery of ‘small’ amounts by workers who are vulnerable in the marketplace. We gauge levels and quality of access to the legal information and advice which is necessary for workers to determine their legal entitlements. We also assess the level of services accessible to workers when they need assistance to pursue an underpayment claim within the mainstream civil justice system. In the context of the broader workplace relations reforms which are proposed within the federal sphere, we welcome the expansion of the enforcement agency, to be renamed the Offi ce of the Fair Work Ombudsman, but argue in favour of retaining the existing support services.

A oferta de matrículas e cursos de licenciatura presenciais em universidades gaúchas.

O artigo descreve e problematiza a oferta de matrículas e cursos de licenciatura em Pedagogia, Letras e Matemática, na modalidade presencial, nas universidades públicas e privadas gaúchas, no contexto da forte pressão oficial pela expansão das universidades brasileiras. Considerando a importância desses cursos no campo das políticas de avaliação e formação docente para a educação básica e das políticas oficiais de expansão do ensino superior desde o final da década de 1990, este estudo justifica-se pela ausência de pesquisas que tenham como foco o impacto dessas políticas no caso do Rio Grande do Sul. Utiliza-se uma metodologia de tipo quantitativa e descritiva a partir de dados dos Censos da Educação Superior (2000, 2007 e 2013). Esses dados são interpretados a partir de estudos que têm como foco o ensino superior e a formação de professores. Com a análise observa-se que houve queda no número total de matrículas, nos cursos estudados, no período 2007-2013. Entretanto, enquanto a queda foi bastante significativa nas universidades privadas, as universidades públicas mantiveram um crescente número de matrículas, devido à criação de novas universidades públicas em regiões do estado desassistidas pela esfera federal e, ainda, à expansão da oferta de cursos e vagas nas universidades públicas já existentes. Constata-se, também, a forte presença das universidades privadas na oferta dos cursos estudados, especialmente na região Metropolitana do estado, em virtude de ser a região de maior desenvolvimento econômico e concentração populacional. Por outro lado, as universidades públicas vão desbravando as regiões mais pobres e remotas do estado.

A dinâmica dos conselhos do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação – Fundeb em municípios do Nordeste

This article deals with the Maintenance Fund Boards and Basic Education Development and the Education Professionals Appreciation - Fundeb in Northeastern municipalities, analyzing the municipal education secretaries and the counselors perceptions about their roles in such social participation and representation spheres. The research analyzes the counselors acting dynamic in the municipalities considering the FUNDEB Board as an integral (and important) part of the municipal educational administration. This study is a cut of a Joaquim Nabuco Foundation / MEC survey from 2015 with 382 municipalities, using questionnaires applied to every education secretaries in the survey and to 2,605 Fundeb Board Members. The present article refers to the results that discuss such subjects perceptions about social representation and participation, in the context of Brazilian cooperative federalism, which is characterized by decentralizing the educational services and, in fact, provides an imbalance between the subnational federated entities and the federal sphere with significant effects on the local educational policies management.   Keywords: Fundeb Boards. Social Participation and Representation.

Represión del gobierno del Distrito Federal a la protesta, 2012-2014. Perspectiva de la amenaza en democracias federales

<p>La represión de la protesta en democracias es explicada de distintas maneras en la literatura. Desde la perspectiva de la amenaza, se hipotetiza que los gobiernos locales son más propensos a reprimir aquellas protestas dirigidas al ámbito federal por no poder negociar soluciones a esas demandas. Se estudian siete casos en los que hubo detenciones arbitrarias en el Distrito Federal, entre 2012 y 2014, las cuales se toman como indicador de represión. A partir de un análisis probabilístico con una regresión logística binomial de eventos raros y un análisis determinístico con un método comparado cualitativo (QCA), se encuentra que las demandas dirigidas al ámbito federal y la violencia son condiciones necesarias para la represión, mientras que la variedad de reclamos y su radicalidad contribuyen a que se lleven a cabo detenciones arbitrarias.</p>

Poor alignment of priorities between scientists and policymakers highlights the need for evidence-informed conservation in Brazil

There is a worldwide claim by environmentalists and scientists that environmental policy usually lacks support based on scientific evidence. In this work we studied the gap between science and conservation actions in Brazil. We mapped scientific literature on conservation and conducted online surveys with science experts on biodiversity and policymakers working on a federal sphere. Our results show that environmental issues considered as priority for policymakers did not relate to those suggested by scientists and the peer-reviewed literature. According to policymakers, the main barriers to access scientific literature were time available to read papers, difficulty in understanding technical language and reading in English. Our results confirm that, in general, scientific knowledge is not being sufficiently applied to support policies in Brazil. Both scientists and policymakers are responsible for improving communication between their institutions: researchers need to know in advance what are professional policymakers’ needs and direct their research towards answering policy-related questions; and policymakers need that scientific evidences be available in accessible language and up to date. We recommend the development of science communication departments at all governmental levels and the establishment of evidence-based research groups and tools. Our findings help to explain the mismatch between science and policy in Brazil and represent a warning to everyone engaged in biodiversity conservation worldwide.

Food and nutritional security: situation analysis of decentralization in the national public policy

The aim of this study was to analyze the situation with the decentralization of the Brazilian National System of Food and Nutritional Security (SISAN), created in 2006 under the Brazilian National Food and Nutritional Security Act (LOSAN). Based on the criteria for joining SISAN, as set out in Decree 7,272 of August 25, 2010, the authors analyzed data from the basic information surveys of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2014 (Estadic e Munic/2014). The results show that decentralization of SISAN is still incipient at the municipal level, although all the states of Brazil have already joined the system. The social assistance sector has played an outstanding role in coordinating SISAN at the state and municipal levels, while in the latter the health sector has also played a relevant role. The analysis of food and nutritional security activities conducted to date, based on the sources of federal, state, and municipal funds, further shows that the federal sphere has still not played a strong inductive role capable of leading the expansion of SISAN. More effective funding mechanisms and the assignment of responsibilities to the states and municipalities are relevant factors for consolidating the system's state-level base and expanding the municipal base in the search for an identity and capillarity for SISAN.

A Comparative View of Debarment and Suspension of Contractors in Brazil and in the USA

This paper analyzes the main aspects of procurement-related suspension and debarment in U.S. law (in the federal sphere) and its parallel institutions in Brazilian law, focusing on temporary suspension from participation in tenders and ineligibility to compete for administrative contracts; full debarment; and legal impediments to participating in tenders and competing for administrative contracts.

A comparative view of debarment and suspension of contractors in Brazil and in the USA

This paper analyzes the main aspects of suspension and procurement debarment in U.S. law (in the federal sphere) and its parallel institutions in Brazilian law, focusing on temporary suspension from participation in tenders and ineligibility to compete for administrative contracts; full debarment; and impediment from participating in tenders and competing for administrative contracts.

Prática de sustentabilidade na administração pública: reaproveitamento de óleo de fritura para produção de biodiesel

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo produzir biodiesel a partir de óleo residual de fritura, coletado por meio de campanha educativa promovida no Campus Ipojuca do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco (IFPE), como uma prática de sustentabilidade na esfera pública federal. Diversos órgãos governamentais começaram a estabelecer ações voltadas a sustentabilidade e racionalização dos gastos e processos somente depois da criação da Instrução Normativa n° 10/2012, que os obrigou a criar um Plano de Gestão de Logística Sustentável (PLS). No entanto, poucas ações tem sido efetivadas no que diz respeito ao reaproveitamento do óleo de fritura. Assim, torna-se necessário buscar soluções para a reciclagem de resíduos gerados pela Administração Pública, em especial aqueles que representam riscos de poluição ambiental. Sabe-se que o óleo de fritura usado polui o ambiente quando descartado incorretamente, sendo a produção de biodiesel uma das formas mais nobres de reaproveitamento do óleo residual. O biodiesel é um biocombustível alternativo ao diesel de petróleo, podendo ser obtido a partir da reação de transesterificação entre triglicerídeos e alcoóis de cadeia curta, na presença de um catalisador enzimático, ácido ou alcalino, sendo a glicerina um coproduto. Neste estudo, amostras de biodiesel foram produzidas no Campus Ipojuca do IFPE, utilizando catálise básica (KOH e NaOH) em rotas metílica e etílica. Foi realizado um estudo sobre as variáveis do processo de conversão do óleo em biodiesel (como tipos de reagentes, tempo e temperatura da reação) para a obtenção de uma metodologia apropriada para produção de biodiesel em escala laboratorial. Para o óleo residual, foram determinados o índice de acidez, pH, teor de água, densidade e teor de ácidos graxos livres (AGL) e comparados com amostra de óleo virgem de milho e valores da literatura. Algumas propriedades das amostras de biodiesel produzidas foram comparadas com os limites estabelecidos na Resolução n° 45/2014, da Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis (ANP). Como resultado, verificou-se que o óleo residual apresenta diferentes características físico-químicas em relação ao óleo virgem, decorrentes da degradação oxidativa induzida pelo processo de cocção dos alimentos. O maior rendimento da reação de transesterificação foi obtido pela rota metílica (93%) em comparação à rota etílica (76%), como esperado. Os valores experimentais de densidade e o teor de água obtidos para o biodiesel metílico e etílico estão de acordo com os parâmetros da ANP, porém a acidez encontrada para o biodiesel metílico supera em 8% o limite máximo de 0,5 mg KOH/g estabelecido na legislação, tornando necessário o aprimoramento das etapas de lavagem e neutralização para correção de pH e diminuição do índice de acidez do biodiesel. No teste de chama, as amostras de biodiesel produzidas apresentaram uma queima semelhante ao diesel comercial e biodiesel de algodão (produzido em Caetés-PE), demonstrando a viabilidade técnica da reciclagem de óleo de fritura para produção de biocombustível como uma prática de sustentabilidade em uma instituição pública federal voltada para o desenvolvimento local sustentável em todas as suas dimensões.

A elevação da qualidade da pós-graduação: uma proposta da Universidade Federal do Amazonas

O presente artigo tem como tema a gestão do ensino superior público. Constitui uma análise de iniciativa da Universidade Federal do Amazonas para a elevação da qualidade nos programas de pós graduação que oferece. O texto avalia, no âmbito de suas linhas, a proposta do Programa de Apoio à Consolidação e ao Avanço da Qualidadeda Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – PACPG/Ufam, que, em linhas gerais, estabeleceu como meta a conquista da excelência acadêmica da pós-graduação da Ufam. Trata da concepção de ensino superior e da administração dessa esfera do ensino público federal como catalisadora de uma cultura institucional cujos resultados sejam ricos em eficácia e eficiência acadêmicas.

Science and Technology Observatory for ''NOCMAT'' in Brazil: Role and Proposed Framework

The indicators for Science and Technology Innovation (S&T) used for decision-making within the national system of research and innovation related to Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies (NOCMAT), do not concern only the federal political sphere, but also research groups of universities, research institutes and scientific and technical associations. These agents influence is frequently insignificant for decision making when compared to the dominant and centralizing industries which have created their proper indicators for justifying the application of conventional industrialized products. A culture of NOCMAT indicators should be disseminated into the scientific and social communities so that decisions at all levels should be based on relevant, reliable and transparent information, notably at the regional level. The main objective of this paper is to establish the terms of reference of the "NOCMAT Observatory" for Novel Construction Materials & Technologies for Sustainability not yet existing in Brazil, notably defining its role, dynamic organizational framework, "products" and services to be provided.

Accessing and Refusing Copyright Government Record

The common policy objectives in modern liberal democracies of promoting open and accountable government and of preserving national culture and heritage are reflected in the provision of access to, and the preservation of, unpublished and published works held by government. A wide spectrum of social enquiry is in whole or in part dependent on these government preserved holdings. The policy objectives in Australia are manifested in two ways. One is in government archival practices and laws. The other is in the provisions in the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) facilitating access to, and the preservation of, unpublished and published works held by archives and libraries. While preservation of these works and the costs associated with it are in themselves a recognition of the public interest in accessing works held by archives and libraries, existing laws and practices facilitating access should be reviewed in the light of technological changes in way we access, create and communicate works and in the light of further moves towards openness in government. This article outlines present archival practices and laws in Australia, and the scope of Copyright Act provisions, before turning to reform. The focus will be on the Australian federal sphere.