Federal Interest Research Articles

Collingwood, Wren Left-Overs and Political Change: Aspects of Local-Level Politics in the 1970s

The affairs of the inner-city Labor councils have long been the subject of legend. But they have been little studied. Nor are there many accounts of local-level politics in other areas of Australia. Those that do exist have often been concerned principally with other things. The character of the institutions and processes of local government has not encouraged attention. It has been all too easy to dismiss them as trivial or venal or both.1 However, recently some significant studies have appeared and there is the promise of more to come.2 The former federal Labor government's many-sided interest in urban and regional affairs, the activities of state governments and their instrumentalities, and the emergence of 'green bans' and residents' action and protest groups should all encourage further work. This article is about politics in Collingwood. It is not the result of a formal research project but of a fact of residence. For about four years I lived in Clifton Hill?known to some as the Toorak of Colling wood?and took part in local affairs. This meant taking specific stands and making friends and foes accordingly. My account reflects this. The purpose of the article is to discuss five main areas: the social and demographic background; present patterns of political activity; links between these patterns and other levels of politics; forces inducing adaptation and change; and the implications of each of these for the making of policy in the municipal council. I do not intend to give a blow by blow account of particular local engagements. This would have

Public Sector MBO and PPB: Cross Fertilization in Management Systems

At different times and in different places, different management systems are in vogue. Some of these systems represent real innovation; more often someone reinvents the wheel. One type of system currently being rediscovered within the federal government is Management by Objectives, or MBO.1 Just how long MBO will enjoy its renaissance in the federal bureaucracy is uncertain, but with slightly greater confidence it can be estimated that the lag between federal interest in this system and its widespread experimentation by state and local governments will be some three to five years. With even more confidence it can be expected that after some few years of effort, MBO will be roundly and soundly criticized for failing to solve all of the problems of administering the people's business, and will recede into the background to be replaced by another new idea.

Towards an Understanding of Federal Assistance

Introductory Note: In April 1971 the Commission on Government Procurement' formed a small group to conduct a limited review of federal activities. This Task Force was asked by the Commission to: develop data to put the Grants Program in perspective; examine the extent to which grants and contracts are used interchangeably by federal agencies; and analyze the extent to which procurement rules and regulations are and should be applied to grant-type transactions. As data on federal programs were examined, the focus of the task force was enlarged to include such questions as: what is the nature of the assistance relationships that exist between the government and the recipient; can and should assistance be distinguished from procurement; and can the confusion which seems to beset programs be reduced by giving relationship-based definitions for governmentwide use to terms such as contract, grant, and grant-in-aid? The comments that follow evolve from my experience as chairman of the task force as well as involvement in more recent activities devoted to Executive Branch consideration and Legislative Branch implementation of Commission recommendations.2 I wish to acknowledge the assistance of James D. Carroll of Syracuse University in describing the current situation stated in the first section of this article, and of Robert E. Coakley of The University of Virginia in developing this article for publication. The views expressed herein are my responsibility and do not necessarily represent the views of my associates, the commission on Government Procurement, or the National Science Foundation. * Federal assistance programs are undergoing change. The author asserts that if present efforts to reform the management of federal assistance programs are to succeed, a more comprehensive understanding of the operational dimensions of existing programs is necessary. Findings and recommendations of the U.S. Commission on Government Procurement suggest a conceptual approach toward development of a model which would permit a systematic analysis of the implementation of all federal assistance programs. An operational model of the federal assistance delivery system would have important implications for federal a d non-federal policy makers and administrators of assistance programs as well as for those with an academic interest in intergovernmental relations and federalism.

THE FEDERAL PRINCIPLE AND NATIONAL PLANNING

I am pleased to be able to speak today to this conference of the Royal Institute of Public Administration. Your conference comes at a time of renewed interest in federalism. In the past year or so there has been an upsurge of new studies and assessments of federalism in the universities and in the press. New life has been breathed into a subject which for so long has seemed dead in spirit, if not in die flesh.

The training of manpower needed for biomedical research.

Increased federal interest in the health of the American people implies federal support not only of biomedical research but also of training the personnel competent to carry out that research. Mechanisms to implement support biomedical research training include institutional training grants, individual fellowships, training grants, training as part of research grants and contracts, and self-support with assistance by federal loans when necessary. Of these, the institutional grants provide the best mechanism since they are most likely to produce stable, high-quality scholarly programs that are continuously under peer review, and since they allow central direction of the mix of disciplines based on monitoring of current and projected requirements.

Bibliography of U.S. Government bibliographies‐1973

This annotated listing of 131 United States Government bibliographies with 1973 imprints partially represents the broad scope of Federal interest. THE MONTHLY CATALOG OF U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS was the primary index searched in locating these documents, though other conventional and unconventional methods were used. Since the search cut‐off date was the February 1974 MONTHLY CATALOG, a number of 1973 bibliographies may not be listed here. However, it is the compiler's objective to include all 1973 bibliographies in a forthcoming Pierian Press publication, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1968–1973.

Research in Nursing the Federal Interest and Grant Program

Research in Nursing the Federal Interest and Grant Program

Research in Nursing The Federal Interest and Grant Program

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Optimal Stabilization Paths

An optimal stabilization policy is one which brings the economy to a desired point in the best way. What makes optimal stabilization policy in economics so difficult is our limited knowledge of the dynamic system. We may have misspecifiled the dynamic model underlying our optimization process. Even if we are fairly confvldent that the forms of the equations are correct, we are not sure of the numerical values of the coeffvlcients. Moreover, some crucial variables (such as the expected rate of price change) are unobservable; and we may obtain misleading estimates of these variables. Our controls operate through differential rather than through algebraic equations. The unemployment rate and the rate of price change are affected by aggregate demand and by cost factors. Aggregate demand may be affected by real balances and the real value of the federal interest plus non-interest bearing debt. However, our controls may be the rate of monetary expansion and the budget deElcit (surplus), which are the time rates of change of the variables affecting aggregate demand. Consequently, our controls cannot achieve the desired results directly but must work through a dynamic system. Fine tuning, or complete offsets of disturbances, is difficult at best. Another problem which bedevils us is the possibility of multiplicative stochastic

Environmental Implications of Developing Coal Resources: ABSTRACT

There are new things in reclamation but mostly there are just increased awareness and better performance by industry. Most of us in this business consider ourselves good citizens and dislike the label of a despoiler of America's pristine beauty. Yet we are torn between that which is desirable and that which is economically feasible. In approaching the subject of reclamation the problem must be put into perspective. It is established that the United States will approximately double its present consumption of minerals and mineral fuels each 15 years. During the past 30 years the United States has used more minerals and fuels than did the entire world in all previous history. There is increased demand for great amounts of energy from oil, natural gas, coal, and hydroelectric power, not to mention atomic energy and solar energy. Shortages in some of these areas are already appearing with the discovery of natural gas and oil now falling behind the consumption. Present estimates by the industry are that 6 million bbl of this oil must come from synthetic sources including coal and oil shale. We will be disturbing ever-increasing areas of the earth's surface to recover the fuel we need and surface mining must of necessity increase many fold. Therefore, we must expect increasing pressure from citizen's groups, sportsmen's organizations, environmental study groups, newspapers, and state and federal governments. It is incumbent on us as an industry to actively and accurately tell our story to the public, so that every citizen in the states where we operate realizes that we are doing more than just making money--we are also providing them with needed electric power with fuel for the many industries that give them the civilization they demand; we are contributing substantially in taxes to provide schools, hospitals, and other civic benefits; and we provide the base for a thousand and one other products and services used in everyday life. Because laws are obviously going to come, it is only sensible that the mining industry take a heavy part in drafting them so that insofar as possible they not be restrictive or punitive or otherwise unfavorable to such an extent that mining operations are curtailed or placed in a poor competitive position with other fuels. Reclamation must be a part of our every day mining operation and must be an anticipated expense. This reclamation must be the result of combining the best technical assistance we can get to the hard economic facts of the coal mining business. This reclamation must be carried on with sensitivity to the needs of the area we are mining and to the feelings of the residents of the area. As increased federal interest in spoils reclamation is a certainty, we must ask companies to participate aggressively in establishing just and realistic reclamation laws. We must overcome the ostrich attitude our industry has had in the past because the conservation movement and increased awareness by the public of our environment are here to stay. End_of_Article - Last_Page 957------------

Surveys and Mapping in Water Resource Development

Surveys and mapping have been essential to water resources development in the United States. From the pioneer single purpose navigation network, federal interest in water resource development has broadened to include multipurpose uses of water and related land resources. The quality of multipurpose planning has been enhanced by improved techniques in surveys and mapping. An example of the role of surveys and mapping in water resource development is illustrated by the Vicksburg District’s study of providing levee protection to the Vicksburg-Yazoo area north of Vicksburg, Mississippi Survey information, aerial mosaics, and quadrangle maps were used to prepare working curves for converting various types of flood damage to an average annual basis for comparison with annual costs. Studies indicate that a levee project to provide protection from the Mississippi River Project Design Flood would be economically justified. With the diminishing opportunities for water resources development, wise and timely development and utilization of these resources will require creative and imaginative planning and engineering reflecting physical changes and new technology in surveying and mapping.

Food and Drug Legislation in the New Deal

In June 1938, Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law new Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the first major legislation regulating these industries since the 1906 Wiley law. Eliminating many serious and long-standing abuses in production, labeling, and advertising, the 1938 Act was, in the words of David L. Cowen, a milestone in federal interest in consumer protection. Despite its importance to the American public, however, its passage was effected only after long, complex battle between conflicting interest groups.This volume is study in depth of that five-year struggle, fully documented by records, correspondence, and publications, as well as social history of the period. The author analyzes the inadequacy of the 1906 law, the roles of Franklin Roosevelt, Henry Wallace, and Rexford Tugwell, the American Medical Association, drug associations, and consumers' and women's groups.Originally published in 1970.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Repayment Interest Rates for Water Projects

In the absence of a uniform federal interest rate policy for reimbursable costs of water projects, federal agencies generally have determined repayment interest rates administratively. For some specific projects, however, Congress has stipulated the interest rate to be used in the authorizing legislation. The rates used have varied among agencies and with different purposes of development. The repayment interest rate is of particular significance to the financial feasibility of proposed projects. An increase in this rate can substantially increase the cost of projects to local government or other entities responsible for repaying reimbursable costs. The current use of repayment interest rates lower than discount rates for project evaluaion also raises questions about the distribution of benefits. Although the U.S. Water Resources Council recently increased the evaluation interest rate and initiated studies of water project evaluation procedures in general, relatively little attention has been given to achieving a consistent policy for repayment interest rates and other aspects of cost allocation and cost sharing. This situation needs to be changed; these important aspects of water project development should not be neglected.

Current Status of U.S. Part of the IFYGL Program

Congress authorized $200,000 to implement the U.S. part of the IFYGL program in fiscal year 1970. The Corps of Engineers, which has lead agency responsibility for the federal interest in the program, has been authorized to request $500,000 for fiscal year 1971. It is heartening to report that the Corps now has some funds to initiate the Field Year, but considerable reprogramming is required because these sums are considerably short of the estimates of program costs made by the Steering Committee for the IFYGL. The 1970 allocation is roughly 15 percent of what was originally recommended for FY 1970, and the $500,000 is about 25 percent of what was recommended for FY 1971. The total U.S. side of the program has been estimated to cost about $7,000,000 through 1975.

Federal interest in estuarine zones builds

Federal interest in estuarine zones builds

Federal and State Financial Interest in the Performance and Promise of Library Networks

Previous articleNext article No AccessFederal and State Financial Interest in the Performance and Promise of Library NetworksWilliam G. ColmanWilliam G. Colman Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Library Quarterly Volume 39, Number 1Jan., 1969Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Annual Conference of the Graduate Library School, July 29-31, 1968: Library Networks: Promise and Performance Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/619725 Views: 1Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1969 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:F.B Batubo Library co-operation, International Library Review 20, no.44 (Aug 2014): 517–532.https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7837(88)90036-2Robert Wedgeworth Prospects for and Effecting Change in the Public Library, The Library Quarterly 48, no.44 (Sep 2015): 531–541.https://doi.org/10.1086/600841

Mental Illness, Alcoholism, and Drug Dependence

In recent years, substantial federal interest has developed in mental illness, alcoholism, and drug dependence. Funds for research, training, preventive, and therapeutic programs are becoming increasingly available. Although epidemiological findings do not suggest any increasing rates of mental illness or alcoholism in this century, it is true that many more mind-altering drugs are available and that experimentation may be more widespread. More significant is an increasing awareness that these problems are not particularly social-class-linked. As a problem either permeates, or is acknowledged as affecting, the middle class, positive sanctions for programming are evident. The exercise of social controls, traditionally a police activity, becomes a more appropriate function for other social institutions. Medical definitions take precedence over the legal. The afflicted is perceived as ill rather than criminal. Alternative intervention programs are designed. Means for primary prevention are sought. The skills of the biological, physical, and social scientists and educators are brought to bear upon the problem. In varying degrees—for mental illness, alcoholism, and drug dependence could be placed on a continuum of relative enlightenment (mental illness) to non-enlightenment (drug dependence)—progress is being made. The contemporary American philosophical trend to treat problems pragmatically will eventually dominate. Defining all three as medical and social problems, legal and moralistic approaches are placed in perspective.

The Biosocial Basis OF Mental Retardation, by Sonia F. Osler and Robert E. Cooke. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1965, 151 pp., $5.50

With the increasing interest in mental retardation more articles, monographs, and books appear on the subject. The Biosocial Basis of Mental Retardation is a collection of seven essays originally delivered at the John Hopkins Hospital. Although pediatricians have turned their attention in mental retardation mostly to the biological components of mental retardation, there is a growing awareness that social and psychological factors also play a significant role. The interrelationship of biological and social factors is virtually an unchartered sea. The several authors who originally presented these essays are attempting to highlight some of the social factors and, where appropriate, to point out how some of the social features relate to biological ones. For example, the well known relationship of the high incidence of prematurity in low socioeconomic group families is a fact most pediatricians know but the implication of this fact as far as prevention is concerned is a large and important concern and as yet poorly understood. With the increasing amount of federal interest in programs for low income families, many pediatricians will want to become better informed about the implications. Some of these points are considered in the chapter by Janet Hardy. For the person concerned with medical remedies for mental retardation, there will be little of interest in this book. On the other hand, for those who are anxious to know more about social and psychological factors as they relate to mental retardation, this is a very useful and fascinating compendium of articles. Particularly intriguing are the articles by Eli Ginzberg who discusses the mentally handicapped in an increasingly technological society.

Federal Jurisdiction: Dominant Federal Interest May Be a Possible Basis for Federal Jurisdiction

Federal Jurisdiction: Dominant Federal Interest May Be a Possible Basis for Federal Jurisdiction

National Policy on Air Pollution Control

The development of the federal interest in air pollution as reflected by the legislative history and the evolution of the federal program in this field is reviewed The major provisions of federal legislation from its inception in 1955 to the present Clean Air Act is presented and it is shown how these provisions evolved as a result of national needs. The activities of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare under the various legislative authorities are briefly described. The Clean Air Act of 1963 is placed in perspective as part of the evolutionary federal policy in air pollution control, and various provisions of the Act are discussed in depth. The United States policy on air pollution control is not necessarily fixed with the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1963; if air pollution control is not progressing sufficiently to meet national needs, the national policy will undergo revision.