Federal Interest Research Articles

Smirking in the energy market: Evidence from the Chinese crude oil options market

This study examines the implied volatility (IV) curve and its determinants in the newly established Chinese crude oil options market. Given China’s significant role as a crude oil importer and consumer, understanding this market’s dynamics is crucial for hedging and risk management. The paper identifies a left-skewed smirk in the IV curve, similar to major international options markets, indicating bearish market sentiment. The research analyzes various factors influencing the IV curve’s shape, with findings showing that market fear, measured by the put-to-call ratio (PCR), and the underlying asset’s volatility are primary determinants. The study also examines how the Russo-Ukrainian conflict heightened market fear and volatility, and we find with the onset of the conflict, it fostering optimistic view on the crude oil market. The analysis also highlights the significant impact of U.S. Federal interest rate hikes on the IV shape, emphasizing the inter-connectedness of global financial markets and the necessity for enhanced risk management strategies. These findings offer valuable insights for market participants and regulators regarding risk management in the Chinese crude oil options market.

The Impact of the Federal Reserve’s Interest Rate Hikes on U.S. Inflation Rate

The Federal Reserve’s interest rate hikes have a significant impact on domestic economic activities and monetary policies in the United States. Since March 2022, the Federal Reserve has raised interest rates multiple times to counter domestic inflationary pressures. In this article, data on the U.S. inflation rate and the federal benchmark interest rate from January 2010 to March 2024 were extracted, and an ARIMA model was used for analysis to predict how the U.S. inflation rate will develop under the condition of interest rate hikes. The study found that after the Federal Reserve raised interest rates, the inflation rate in the United States also rose. The reasons for this situation may be due to increased inflation expectations and external factors such as COVID-19. To mitigate risks brought by the rise in inflation, such as asset devaluation, commodity price volatility, and reduced investment returns, investors can adopt strategies like diversifying their investments, closely monitoring the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hikes, and avoiding high-leverage investments.

Bridging the Gap: The Need to Implement Dietary Guidance to Address Cardiovascular Health.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and globally. Research demonstrates that diet is a leading contributor to the development of CVD, its prevention and management, and the overall promotion of cardiovascular health. This article describes the current state of the evidence, including research on the DASH and Mediterranean diets to promote cardiovascular health and prevent CVD. The article suggests approaches to implement evidence-based diets and federal dietary guidance to promote the adoption and integration of these interventions in both community and clinical settings. It highlights the current U.S. federal interest in "Food is Medicine" and its importance in addressing diet-related chronic diseases and promoting cardiovascular health.

The Driving Federal Interest in Environmental Hazards: Weather Disaster as Global Security Threat

The Driving Federal Interest in Environmental Hazards: Weather Disaster as Global Security Threat

Analyzing the Relationship Between the Fed Interest Rates and Foreign Exchange Markets

The research on analyzing the relationship between fed interest rates and foreign exchange markets aims to establish how fed interest rates and foreign exchange rates are related based on capital flow between different countries. The research is to answer the question of how changes in federal interest rates affect capital flow between other countries since it affects the foreign exchange market. The research reviews various scholarly journals as a source of literature on previous studies done within the research area. The methodology to be applied is the empirical research approach. Data is to be collected from verified journals and research papers. Linear aggression is the data analysis method for the research, and XSLAT software will be used in data analysis. Independent and dependent variables will be developed based on the research objectives to help the study. Secondary analysis using linear aggression has been preferred because of how reliable, time-saving and cost-effective. The expected results from the research show that changes in federal interest rates affect the flow of capital since foreign exchange is implicated. Factors such as currency value and economic level influence federal interest rates and foreign exchange.

The Impact of the Federal Funds Rate Hike on Walmart Stock Price: A Short-term and Dynamic Perspective

The relationship between interest rates and stock prices has been a topic of debate among scholars. Most scholars agree that interest rates are negatively correlated with stock prices in general, but there are differences in specific countries, industries, and stocks themselves. This paper take Wal-Mart's stock price before the Federal's interest rate hike on 17 March 2022 as a time series, and use ARIMA models to predict the future price, and test whether the interest rate hike affects Wal-Mart's stock price in the ultrashort term and the short term by examining the difference between the model's predicted price and the actual price. The finding of this paper is that interest rate hikes have a slight negative impact on Wal-Mart's stock price in the ultra-short term and no significant impact in the short term. Since previous studies on interest rates and stock prices have dealt less with short-term price changes of individual stocks, this paper provides direction for related research in this area and serves to fill this gap. The advice given to investors in this paper is that when interest rates rise, investors can go short on ultra-short investment period within a week, but if the investment period is longer than nine days, they should be careful to observe that other factors, because interest rate hike do not have a significant impact.

The geography of mortgage interest deductions

We investigate the heterogeneous impact of the US federal mortgage interest deduction (MID) on households’ location and tenure decisions. We develop a spatial general-equilibrium model featuring non-homothetic preferences in which households can choose whether to claim the MID or a standard tax deduction. Repealing the MID decreases homeownership rates more strongly in central areas because owner-occupiers migrate to the countryside. Welfare increases slightly because positive externalities from less congested housing markets and undistorted tenure decisions outweigh productivity losses in central locations. An increase in standard tax deductions, as implemented in 2018 by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, leads to a similar welfare increase.

The Impact of Fed Monetary Policy on the Chinese Economy

In order to cope with persistently high inflation since the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve has adopted a continuous monetary tightening policy, raising the federal benchmark interest rate three times in a row. Meanwhile, as the United States is a big importer, its monetary policy is bound to affect many countries. Therefore, this article will from the interest rate, import, and export, etc., to analyze the influence on China; the final purpose is how to make it clear that the federal reserve's monetary policy impact China to take appropriate measures to avoid some adverse effect, give full play to the government regulation function, before the crisis timely regulation and economical price, can avoid significant economic losses.

Making Communities More Visible: Equity-Centered Data to Achieve Health Equity.

Policy Points Despite decades of research exposing health disparities between populations and communities in the US, health equity goals remain largely unfulfilled. We argue these failures call for applying an equity lens in the way we approach data systems, from collection and analysis to interpretation and distribution. Hence, health equity requires data equity. There is notable federal interest in policy changes and federal investments to improve health equity. With this, we outline the opportunities to align these health equity goals with data equity by improving the way communities are engaged and how population data are collected, analyzed, interpreted, made accessible, and distributed. Policy priority areas for data equity include increasing the use of disaggregated data, increasing the use of currently underused federal data, building capacity for equity assessments, developing partnerships between government and community, and increasing data accountability to the public.

Variation in Prairie Chub hatch relationships across wet and dry years in the upper Red River basin

AbstractObjectiveThe Prairie Chub Macrhybopsis australis is a poorly studied minnow species endemic to the upper Red River basin and is of both state and federal conservation interest due to uncertainty about its life history and potential listing status. The upper Red River basin of Oklahoma and Texas is a harsh environment where drought and extreme flow events are exacerbated by human alterations. As an assumed pelagic‐broadcast‐spawning minnow, the Prairie Chub is capable of a protracted spawning season and larval fish survival is assumed to be linked to discharge and streamflow variability.MethodsWe systematically collected 2,017 age‐0 Prairie Chub from seven sites (North Fork Red River, Salt Fork Red River, Pease River, Red River, Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River, North Wichita River, and South Wichita River) with variable flow patterns during April–September 2019 and May–August 2020. We used otolith age estimates and back calculations to determine successful spawning dates. We used a hurdle model framework to examine relationships between hatch probability and hatch frequency.ResultHatch probability had a negative relationship with calendar day and declined as calendar day increased. Hatch counts peaked in late June and early July and declined thereafter in 2019 but showed no discernible peak during the spawning season in 2020. Hatch probability during the spawning season increased with relative flow and air temperature. Increased hatch counts were also positively related to discharge variability (CV) for the 10 d prior to hatch dates.ConclusionOur findings indicated that successful hatches had considerable spatial and temporal variability, with some sites contributing minimally to the population during some years. Spatial and temporal variability of hatch probability and hatch frequencies pose a variety of considerations for future conservation and management efforts, particularly given the pending federal listing status of the species.

Impact of Social Vices and the Effects of Covid-19 in the Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria

The abstract research was concerned in the general summaries of the whole tasks. First, the background of the study which consists the effects of social vices in Nigeria and the causes such as death, hunger, poverty, inflations, unemployment, kidnapping, battles, insurgencies, famine etc. Then followed by the effect of covid19 which spread globally in the whole world. Such as locked down, economic recession, famine, death, thefts, insurgences, murders etc. The third social vices affecting entrepreneurship such as fuel hikes was too cost in Nigeria and it stopped everything and affected every sectors in the economy, the Ebola disease could killed immediately, the Lassa fever, the bird flu, monkey pose etc. insecurity such as disturbances, burglaries, kidnappers, thurggeries, secrete cults, Russian and Ukraine crises, fire outbreak in some states in America which burn everything, lack of welfare assistance, human trafficking, corruptions, workers strikes etc. I identifying the problems such as most of the problems was from us causes while others by God as test and punishments and examinations in other to correct our tasks and behaviours, it is set up and intentionally, governments hands interventions and other nations, business organizations, contracts, free masonic, it is faked, bullying, deceiving, wickedness, indiscipline, exploitation, cheatings, oppresses, dishonesty, distrust, looting money and taking it abroad, tribalism etc. Ways of combating such social vices like American Psychology Association (APA), Spreading facts, promote ethical journalism, breath, followed the rules and regulations and careful, Trauma Informed Care (TIC), Safety. Recommendations by using Islamic Constitutions, laws, trust, equality, free education, free health, free social services, honesty, discipline, respect, avoid selfishness, added the value of money in general, increasing salaries, good leadership, creation of more states, local government, open essential higher institution, support and background by federal government, interest, attention, administrations, ruled, cooperation, farming, vocational and technical occupations, self-reliance, NGOs, world banks, SMEs, ECOWAS, Npower, loans, fulfilled promised, all are the signing and symptoms of the last days etc.

Association of National Expansion of Insurance Coverage of Medically Tailored Meals With Estimated Hospitalizations and Health Care Expenditures in the US

Medically tailored meals (MTMs) are associated with lower health care utilization among patients with complex diet-related diseases but are not a covered benefit in Medicare or Medicaid. The potential impact of extending insurance coverage for MTMs nationally remains unknown. To estimate 1- and 10-year potential changes in annual hospitalizations, potential changes in annual health care expenditures, and overall policy cost-effectiveness associated with national MTM coverage for US patients with diet-related disease and limited instrumental activities of daily living who have Medicaid, Medicare, or private insurance. In this economic evaluation, conducted from January 2021 to February 2022, a nationally representative sample from the 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was used to create a population-level cohort policy simulation model that estimated changes in annual hospitalizations and health care expenditures associated with coverage of MTMs. Participants were 6 309 998 US adults aged 18 years or older who had Medicare, Medicaid, or private payer insurance and at least 1 diet-sensitive condition and 1 limitation in instrumental activities of daily living. Ten nutritionally tailored MTMs per week for a mean of 8 months in each year of intervention. The main outcomes were total hospitalizations, program costs, health care expenditures, and net policy costs. One thousand Monte Carlo simulations for each of 10 years (2019-2028) jointly incorporated uncertainty in model inputs for effect sizes, hospitalizations, health care expenditures, and program costs. At the 2019 baseline, an estimated 6 309 998 US adults were eligible to receive MTMs. Mean (SD) age was 68.1 (16.6) years; most were female (63.4%), were non-Hispanic White (66.7%), and had Medicare and/or Medicaid (76.5%). The most common eligibility diagnoses were cardiovascular diseases (70.6%), diabetes (44.9%), and cancer (37.2%). If all eligible individuals received MTMs, an estimated 1 594 000 hospitalizations (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 1 297 000-1 912 000) and $38.7 billion (95% UI, $24.9 billion to $53.9 billion) in health care expenditures could potentially be averted in 1 year. Program costs were $24.8 billion (95% UI, $23.1 billion to $26.8 billion), for an associated net savings of $13.6 billion (95% UI, $0.2 billion to $28.5 billion) from a health care perspective. In 2019 dollars, 10 years of the MTM intervention was anticipated to cost $298.7 billion (95% UI, $279.7 billion to $317.4 billion) and to potentially be associated with 18 257 000 averted hospitalizations (95% UI, 14 690 000-22 109 000) and reductions in health care expenditures of $484.5 billion (95% UI, $310.2 billion to $678.4 billion), for net savings of $185.1 billion (95% UI, $12.9 billion to $377.8 billion). Findings were robust in multiple sensitivity analyses. The findings suggest that national implementation of MTMs for patients with diet-sensitive conditions and activity limitations could potentially be associated with approximately 1.6 million averted hospitalizations and net cost savings of $13.6 billion annually. The results may inform US state, federal, and private-payer interest in expanding insurance coverage for MTMs among patients with diet-related chronic illness.

The Future of State All-Payer Claims Databases.

State policy makers are under increasing pressure to address the prohibitive cost of health care given the lack of action at the federal level. In 2020, the United States spent more on health care than any other country in the world-$4.1 trillion, representing 19.7% of the nation's gross domestic product. States are trying to better understand their role in health care spending and to think creatively about strategies for addressing health care cost growth. One way they are doing this is through the development and use of state-based all-payer claims databases (APCDs). APCDs are health data organizations that hold transactional information from public (Medicare and Medicaid) and private health insurers (commercial plans and some self-insured employers). APCDs transform this data into useful information on health care costs and trends. This article describes states' use of APCDs and recent efforts that have provided benefits and challenges for states interested in this unique opportunity to inform health policy. Although challenges exist, there is new funding for state APCD improvements in the No Surprises Act, and potential new federal interest will help states enhance their APCD capacity so they can better understand their markets, educate consumers, and create actionable market information.

Federal Reserve's Monetary Policy and Its Impact on China's Economic Development

The global financial crisis in 2008 caused great trauma to the economy and financial markets all over the world. Following the onset of the financial crisis, the monetary authorities of various nations implemented a range of monetary policies to deal with the crisis's negative impact on the real economy. The United States, as the world's largest country, the implementation of the Fed's monetary policy has a significant impact not only on its own macro-economy, but also on the world macro-economy. Following the onset of the financial crisis in 2008, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of monetary policy operations, including lowering the federal fund interest rate and the money market re-discount interest rate, to address the financial crisis' impact on the domestic economy of the United States. Unconventional monetary policy mainly includes reducing the federal funds rate to the zero range boundary. Based on previous studies, this paper finds that the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve mainly affect other countries' economies through four channels: asset price, exchange rate, interest rate and credit. At the same time, in view of the negative spillover effects brought by the Federal Reserve, China should adopt proactive financial policies to resist risks.

“Economic Recovery from Coronavirus Pandemic Crisis: Suggestion Macroeconomic Policies in Knowledge Economic Era to Re-Rise Growth in USA, UK, and Egypt”

This paper aim to suggest the best macroeconomic policy to maintenance economic recovery in USA, UK, and Egypt with and after coronavirus pandemic period, and achieving high economic growth in this three countries as it was before the pandemic and better. So it suggested deferent policies according to the differences among the three countries, with respecting to the statues of USA, and UK as advanced countries, and Egypt as a developing country. We used theoretical and quantitative analysis with getting experience from exiting of the previous recessions, and re-visiting to Taylor principle and rule especially in using interest rate in both short-run and long-run. So we assure on the importance of technological changes through innovation and R&D to keep on autonomous growth in advanced countries in longrun as well as in Egypt, and increasing nominal federal funds rate to 0.7% to reach real federal interest rate in U.S.A to 1.35% in the short-run, rising real interest rate by 0.2% in UK, to become 2.2% or suppose the autonomous component of the real interest rate ( ṝ = 1.2) in short-run in UK, and reducing nominal interest rate in Egypt to 10.3% in short-run. This will lead to achieve the goals of the study and maintenance on economic recovery and rising growth of GDP in USA, UK, and Egypt.

The State of American Federalism, 2020–2021: Deepening Partisanship amid Tumultuous Times

Abstract In this introductory article for the 2020–2021 Annual Review of American Federalism, we review notable developments in U.S. politics and policy during the last year, with an emphasis on their intersections with and consequences for federalism. We focus in particular on the 2020 elections and the COVID pandemic, along with policy developments in the areas of criminal justice and police reform, health care, environment, immigration, and equality and religious liberty. The events of the past year, especially those related to the pandemic and the fallout of the presidential election, led to a resurgence of public interest in federalism and a focus on the importance of government decision-making of state and local governments. Events during the last year have not only reinforced partisan polarization but have also deepened the existing divide of Americans along partisan lines and perhaps in new ways. Partisan differences have increasingly become cultural differences, so that political and policy differences have saturated American culture in notable ways.

Quality and innovation in American higher education accreditation: the case of the University of Phoenix

ABSTRACT In 1978, the University of Phoenix was among the first for-profit universities to receive accreditation from a prestigious regional agency: the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. Its accreditation marked a turning point in broader acceptance for the for-profit model in higher education and gave the University of Phoenix access to its primary source of revenue: federal financial aid. This case offers an example of how innovation in US higher education can happen rapidly and with relatively little controversy. The decentralised nature of accreditation means that new schools can shop around to find an accreditor that best meets their needs. Because accreditors are so closely entwined with federal actors, they will greenlight innovative programmes when they serve the federal interest. Finally, because higher educational quality is difficult to assess, accreditors can use output-based metrics, which are better at supporting novelty than input-based standards.

The Geography of Housing Subsidies

We investigate the heterogeneous impact of the US federal mortgage interest deduction (MID) on households’ location and tenure decisions. We develop a spatial general-equilibrium model at the county level featuring an endogenous itemization of housing subsidies. We find that repealing the MID decreases homeownership rates more strongly in central areas because owner-occupiers migrate to the countryside. Welfare increases because positive externalities arising from less congested housing markets and undistorted tenure decisions outweigh productivity losses. A MID repeal is preferred to an increase of standard tax deductions as implemented in 2018 by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Multi-Sensor Approach to Improve Bathymetric Lidar Mapping of Semi-Arid Groundwater-Dependent Streams: Devils River, Texas

Remote sensing technology enables detecting, acquiring, and recording certain information about objects and locations from distances relative to their geographic locations. Airborne Lidar bathymetry (ALB) is an active, non-imaging, remote sensing technology for measuring the depths of shallow and relatively transparent water bodies using light beams from an airborne platform. In this study, we acquired Lidar datasets using near-infrared and visible (green) wavelength with the Leica Airborne Hydrography AB Chiroptera-I system over the Devils River basin of southwestern Texas. Devils River is a highly groundwater-dependent stream that flows 150 km from source springs to Lake Amistad on the lower Rio Grande. To improve spatially distributed stream bathymetry in aquatic habitats of species of state and federal conservation interest, we conducted supplementary water-depth observations using other remote sensing technologies integrated with the airborne Lidar datasets. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) mapped the river bottom where vegetation impeded other active sensors in attaining depth measurements. We confirmed the accuracy of bathymetric Lidar datasets with a differential global positioning system (GPS) and compared the findings to sonar and GPR measurements. The study revealed that seamless bathymetric and geomorphic mapping of karst environments in complex settings (e.g., aquatic vegetation, entrained air bubbles, riparian zone obstructions) require the integration of a variety of terrestrial and remotely operated survey methods. We apply this approach to Devils River of Texas. However, the methods are applicable to similar streams globally.

Integrating Community and Clinical Data to Assess Patient Risks with A Population Health Assessment Engine (PHATE)

Clinicians are concerned about their patients' social determinants of health (SDH); yet, they are unsure how to effectively gather patient-level SDH data and intervene without adding to current administrative burdens. Designed properly, clinical registries offer solutions to integrate neighborhood SDH data with clinical data from electronic health records, enabling the understanding of community factors to guide patient care. Federal and state interest in adjusting reimbursements based on SDH further underscores the need for strategies that integrate SDH and clinical data. The Population Health Assessment Engine (PHATE) exemplifies a registry-based SDH data integration solution that adjusts payments, contributes to public health surveillance, organizes care around hot spots (gaps in quality or uncontrolled disease), assesses patient risk, and connects with community organizations. PHATE also permits residency training to meet community health competency milestones by incorporating the PHATE curriculum. These functions enhance value, and their utility in education and care delivery would benefit from further investigation.