FEB RAS Research Articles

Isotopic composition of natural waters of Kuzbass in coalbed methane production areas

Relevance. In Kuzbass, a coalbed methane production project is being implemented for the first time in Russia. Formation water extracted together with coalbed methane plays an important role, since it has been in contact with the coal-bearing rocks for a long time, therefore it contains rich geochemical information. Over the period 2002–2022, new isotopic data were accumulated both on the waters of the region coal deposits and on overlying waters, including surface waters. Aim. Based on the material accumulated on the isotopic composition (δD, δ18O, δ13C, 34S, 3H, 14C) of natural waters in coal-bearing areas, create an evolutionary scheme for the formation of waters within the framework of the developed hypothesis on the interaction of water-rock-coal-methane. Objects. River, underground waters of the zone of active water exchange, upper and lower parts of the zone of slow water exchange (extracted together with coalbed methane). Methods. Studies of the isotopic composition of waters were carried out in several laboratories: in the Multielement and Isotope Research Center of the SB RAS, the Technical Branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “SNIIGGIMS”, in the radiocarbon AMS laboratory based on the Center for Collective Use “Cenozoic Geochronology” and in the Pacific Oceanological Institute Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences (POI) FEB RAS. Results and conclusions. The paper introduces the data on δD, δ18О, δ13С и δ34S for surface and groundwater in Kuzbass in coalbed methane production areas. It is shown that all the waters under consideration are infiltration based on their isotopic composition (δD and δ18О). The waters of the lower part of the slow water exchange, produced together with coalbed methane, are characterized by a positive oxygen shift and very light hydrogen. A diagram of the evolution of the isotopic composition of water-dissolved carbon in the region has been compiled according to the data obtained. It is noted that the atmospheric source of CO2 is characteristic only of river waters, and only biogenic carbon dioxide is present in groundwater. The wide range of δ13СDIC values of the latter is explained by the varying degrees of participation of light soil carbon dioxide and heavy biochemical carbon dioxide formed during methane formation in the coal seam. The heaviest values are typical for waters produced together with coalbed methane, which is associated with long-term interaction with coal and methane. The time of such interaction was determined using the radiocarbon method: 17–30 thousand years. In areas where coalbed methane is produced, an increase in δ13СDIC values for all natural waters is observed, which requires further study.

ЯППИ – универсальный язык программирования миссий АНПА

This article proposes a universal language for developing autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) missions. The main features of the proposed language are: the presence of high-level commands to describe the main tasks of underwater research, the use of commands in Russian, the readability of the created missions and their understandability for personnel involved in the use of underwater robotics, the lack of strict typing and parameterization of commands, the possibility of expanding the language by creating new commands based on the old ones. The article describes the main parameters of the language, syntax, semantics and basic commands, as well as language tools - a parameter refinement module, which interactively allows you to resolve uncertainty arising due to non-strict parameterization, low-level command module that implements more complex commands based on basic ones, a language extension module responsible for adding new commands, and a translator. The language translator allows you to translate created missions into task program codes for various AUVs. The created language is called URPL – Underwater Research Programming Language and at the current stage of research it is being tested and debugged on the AUVs of the IPMT FEB RAS, taking into account the experience accumulated at the institute.

Institute of Mining of FEB RAS: 40 years in service to science and a new stage of development

Institute of Mining of FEB RAS: 40 years in service to science and a new stage of development

Исследование изменения плотности при вертикальном смешении вод разной солености в приложении к акватории восточной Арктики

The influence of the thermodynamic nonlinear properties of seawater on the Arctic basin salinity field formation is discussed.The oceanographic database of POI FEB RAS is used. The non-linear property of the international thermodynamic equation of seawater, when due to mixing the components average density is not equal to the density of the mixture, is considered. The process of mixing the different salinity waters at a constant temperature is shown. If the components are when mixing desalinated and slightly saline waters, then the density of the mixed water is higher than the weighted average density of the initial components. There is a compaction effect during mixing and below this effect will be called cabbeling. The result of the mixing of two different highly saline sea waters is the water and its density is less than the average value of the component densities. We call this process decompaction. The quantitative examples of calculations for water mixing at low temperatures are presented. It is noted that the effect is of the same order as the cabelling of fresh water at 4C temperature. The application to the formation of the vertical haline structure of the Arctic Basin waters, which receives significant volumes of fresh water, is shown. The discussed effect is concentrated in the halocline depth. Above the core of the halocline there are weakly saline waters and cabbeling occurs. There is a tendency for the water to sink. Below the halocline are more saline waters mixing. In this depth there is the decompaction effect and waters get some trend to rise. The vertical convergence is an additional mechanism for maintaining a sharp boundary between surface desalinated and underlying saline waters. There is confirmation for salinity profiles in the Gulf of Ob, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea.

Научный вклад А. Г. Козлова в изучение истории Северо-Востока России

The article presents the main results of the scientific activities of A. G. Kozlov (1951-2006), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of History and Archeology of the North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute of the FEB RAS, local historian, and populiser of science. In 1997-2006, he was involved with various problems of Magadan оblast history, peculiarities in the industrial development of Russia's North-East, the Dalstroy economic activities, correctional labour policy in the area in the 1930s-1950s, as well as the foundation and development of the city of Magadan. A. G. Kozlov made a significant contribution to studying the history of Magadan oblast.

Экспедиция «Итуруп 2022–2023»: основные направления работ и предварительные результаты

The paper provides information on the objectives, methods, targets and some preliminary results of the expeditionary work carried out within the framework of the RSF project No.21-17-00049 by the employees of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the FEB RAS, Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the FEB RAS, Pacific Geographical Institute of the FEB RAS and Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum-Gas Geology and Geophysics of the SB RAS in 2022 and 2023. The main objectives of the expedition were geological-volcanological, hydrogeological, geophysical, tephrochronological, and paleoseismological studies. In accordance with the set objectives, field teams were formed, which began work in February 2022. On the basis of the data obtained during the expedition, previously unknown hydrothermal manifestations and seismic events on Iturup Island were identified. A number of geophysical and paleomagnetic surveys were carried out.

ОЦЕНКА СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПОКРОВА Г. ОБЛУЧЬЕ ПО МУЛЬТИСПЕКТРАЛЬНЫМ ДАННЫМ

A sustainable development of regional towns and small settlements demands the urban modern landscape infrastructure study and assessment. For this purpose, geoinformation systems and remote sensing data are widespread used. The aim of the study was to analyze the green spaces in the small town of Obluchye (Jewish Autonomous region) using multispectral data with an assessment of indicators of the town sustainable development. The sources of information were as follows: Sentinel-2A multispectral products, the Rules of land use and development for Obluchye, field research materials, ICARP FEB RAS stock materials, special literature. The identification and analysis of green spaces distribution in Obluchye are based on calculation results of the normalized vegetation index (NDVI). It is stated that the NDVI value of 0.55 or more is the boundary value for the allocation of green spaces in Obluchye; 0.75 or more - for woody vegetation. The NDVI boundary value of 0.55...0.74 is for herbaceous and shrubby vegetation on lawns, unsettled areas, as well as for natural and produced meadows. The NDVI values of 0.75 or more in the image determine the forest vegetation of the Obluchye recreation zone, tree and shrub thickets along riverbeds and floodplain forests, and woodlands in the town built-up zone. The green spaces distribution across the town functional zones is uneven. The high and very high landscaping areas are characteristic of the Obluchye periphery and correspond to the zones of recreational and residential development. In most cases, tree plantations are located in a recreational area, mainly outside the town. However, all urban development zones have high values of landscaping average level (from 71 to 93%). The calculated indicators of sustainable development in Obluchye show, on the one hand, a significant exceeding level of landscaping (53%), as compared to the established norms (at least 40%). On the other hand, the share of green areas of common use in the total area of green spaces in Obluchye is very low – only 1.6%. Thus, there is a need in a qualitative improvement of green infrastructure in the town of Obluchye.

Гербарий лишайников Института морской геологии и геофизики ДВО РАН (SAK): первые результаты инвентаризации

The organization of the lichen herbarium in the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the FEB RAS was initiated in 2014 after a number of integrated expeditions in the Sakhalin Region. The herbarium is based on the collections of Aleksandr K. Ezhkin and Vladimir V. Kaganov. A significant amount of lichen samples was collected in protected areas of the Sakhalin Region, in wild remote sites, and in areas of volcanic activity. Currently, a part of the collection (1178 samples, 307 species) is mounted and stored in the Laboratory of plant ecology and geoecology, which is about 1/8 of all herbarium material of lichens stored in the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the FEB RAS.

The prolonged influence of stimulants on the growth of three-year-old Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc.) seedlings

Relevance. Currently, one of the main tasks in forestry is to obtain high–quality planting material. Studies are being conducted on accelerated cultivation of coniferous and deciduous plants in forest nurseries with the use of growth stimulants that positively affect seed germination, the growth of biometric indicators, the safety and survival of plants. In this regard, the use of plant growth stimulants, which also include “Zircon” and “Ferovit”, is relevant.Methods. The effect of root feeding with Ferovit and Zircon preparations on morphometric parameters of three-year-old Korean cedar seedlings (Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zucc.) was studied. Venue: nursery of the Mountain Taiga Station — branch of the Federal Research Center for Biodiversity of Terrestrial Biota of East Asia FEB RAS in 2019—2022. Parameters such as the height of seedlings, height gain, root neck diameter, root length and biomass were studied.Results. It was found that a significant effect is provided by a variant of root fertilization of seedlings with the use of “Zircon” and “Ferovit” at a concentration of 1.5 ml / 3 l of water solution. The indicators of the height of seedlings compared to the control increased by 126.1%, height increase — by 136.7%, root neck diameter — by 20%, root length — by 21.8%, biomass — by 252.1%.

The Metabolite Profiling of Aspergillus fumigatus KMM4631 and Its Co-Cultures with Other Marine Fungi.

An Aspergillus fumigatus KMM 4631 strain was previously isolated from a Pacific soft coral Sinularia sp. sample and was found to be a source of a number of bioactive secondary metabolites. The aims of this work are the confirmation of this strain' identification based on ITS, BenA, CaM, and RPB2 regions/gene sequences and the investigation of secondary metabolite profiles of Aspergillus fumigatus KMM 4631 culture and its co-cultures with Penicillium hispanicum KMM 4689, Amphichorda sp. KMM 4639, Penicillium sp. KMM 4672, and Asteromyces cruciatus KMM 4696 from the Collection of Marine Microorganisms (PIBOC FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia). Moreover, the DPPH-radical scavenging activity, urease inhibition, and cytotoxicity of joint fungal cultures' extracts on HepG2 cells were tested. The detailed UPLC MS qTOF investigation resulted in the identification and annotation of indolediketopiperazine, quinazoline, and tryptoquivaline-related alkaloids as well as a number of polyketides (totally 20 compounds) in the extract of Aspergillus fumigatus KMM 4631. The metabolite profiles of the co-cultures of A. fumigatus with Penicillium hispanicum, Penicillium sp., and Amphichorda sp. were similar to those of Penicillium hispanicum, Penicillium sp., and Amphichorda sp. monocultures. The metabolite profile of the co-culture of A. fumigatus with Asteromyces cruciatus differed from that of each monoculture and may be more promising for the isolation of new compounds.

Korean pine, Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.: seed quality and soil conditions for growth at the Verkhneussuriysky Forest Station (Primorsky Krai, Russia)

This publication presents research results on Korean pine seed quality and soil conditions at the Verkhneussuriysky Forest Station of the Federal Scientifi c Center of Biodiversity FEB RAS. The purpose of research is selecting plus trees based on seed productivity. High seed quality depended on favorable soil conditions for tree growth: soils with thicker horizons rich in organic matter, with high soil enzymatic activity contributing to the transfer of elements into more accessible forms for plant nutrition. Tree No.7 had very large cones with a large number of seeds, while the empty seed yield was 42%. We believe that the 1000-kernel weight does not always refl ect the seed quality. The soil conditions under that tree were extremely unfavorable for a high quality crop. The following conditions contributed to an effi cient harvest of Korean pine seeds: higher content of mobile phosphorus in the AU horizon (tree No.4), and favorable acid/alkaline conditions for brown soil formation (Cambisols). Brown soils have high catalase enzyme activity due to abundant plant residues in the AU horizon and strong content of organic carbon, which indicates high biological activity in their surface horizons. Studying changes in optical parameters of soils within the phytogenic fi elds of model trees allowed to establish the mutual correlation between the organic carbon content and the integral refl ection of soils (R). This will allow us to use the indicator P to indicate the state of soil fertility in forest ecosystems in further research. Data showed that seed quality depends on favorable growth conditions and the location of the tree.

Study of the Distribution of Impurity Elements in Coals and Clay Layers of the Karaganda Coal Basin

The study of the distribution of trace elements in coal has aroused great scientific interest all over the world, not only because of the harm to health and related environmental problems when using coal, but also because of the economically valuable elements contained in it. The distribution of impurity elements in coals and clay layers of the Karaganda coal basin is considered. The main objective of this work is to identify geochemical features of elements-impurities in coals, clay interlayers of the k7 formation of the Karaganda coal basin. The paper presents the latest data on the composition of coals and clay layers. 85 coal samples of clay interlayers and coal-clay interlayers contact from three mines – Saranskaya, Aktasskaya, Kuzembaeva – were analyzed. The samples were studied by the IСP-MS method at the Far Eastern Geological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (DVGI FEB RAS)

Influence of growth stimulants on the biometric indicators of four-year-old Khingam fir (white-bark) (<i>Abies nephrolepis</i> (Trautv.) Maxim.) seedlings

Relevance. One of the main methods of reforestation is the use of growth stimulants, which are widely used in agriculture in Russia and abroad. In forestry, their use is carried out on an experimental basis. The increase in the sowing qualities of seeds, in the biometric indicators of seedlings is observed, their safety is activated. In this regard, the use of such growth stimulants as Zircon, HB-101, Root Super and Ferovit is relevant.Methods. The effect of root feeding with stimulants Zircon, HB-101, Root Super and Ferovit on the biometric parameters of four-year-old seedlings of Khingam fir (Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim.) was studied. The experiments were carried out in the nursery of GTS — the branch of Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS. The growth of seedlings was studied in terms of stem height, height gain and root collar diameter.Results. It has been established that root fertilization with the stimulants Zircon and HB-101 has the greatest effect on the growth of fir seedlings. The increase in the height of seedlings is by 3.9–60.7%, in height gain — by 11.4–137.1%, as well as in the diameter of root collar — by 16.7-66.7% was noted. It was revealed that the use of the stimulator HB-101 in the solution concentration of 0,5 ml / 10 l has a more positive effect compared with the concentration of the drug solution of 0.5 ml / 5 l of water.

BIODIVERSITY AND BIORESOURCES OF DEEP-SEA ECOSYSTEMS OF THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC

Modern problems of the investigation of marine biodiversity and bio-resources and their inventory in the deep-sea of the World Ocean are considered. The discussion of these problems is also based on the data of aseries of deep-water marine expeditions of the National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NSCMB FEB RAS) in the deepest areas of the Far Eastern Seas and adjacent waters of the North-West Pacific. New results of a series of the deep-sea expeditions within the special RAS Project “Fundamental problems of investigation and conservation of the deep-sea ecosystems in the potentially ore-reach areas in the North-West Pacific” are briefly introduced and discussed (project of RAS № 3.1902.21.0012). Several “unique” deep-sea ecosystems found in the ore bearing sites and the active fishing areas in the North-West Pacific are described. Some safety opportunities for these “unique” ecosystems and possible limitations in the use of dangerous mining and fishing techniques disturbing deep-sea landscapes are considered, including various conservation statuses.

MEMORIAL COLLECTION OF ROBBER-FLIES (DIPTERA: ASILIDAE) OF PAVEL ANDREYEVICH LEHR IN THE FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC CENTER OF BIODIVERSITY FEB RAS

The memorial P.A. Lehr' collection of robber-flies in the FSC Biodiversity FEB RAS (former Institute of Biology and Soil Scinces) includes 769 species which belong to 144 genera, 19 tribes, 10 subfamilies, mainly from the Palaearctic. The list of species is given in the systematic order (by subfamilies and tribes) accepted in one of the latest works (Lehr, 1999). The species which include holotypes (lectotypes) (164), paratypes, paralectotypes, or syntypes (additional 94 taxa) are marked by different symbols. Selected and undescribed species are not included in the list. In the unpublished paper P.A. Lehr proposed a new combination for next species: Antiphrisson platyceras (Hine, 1922), comb. n.; Ktyr callidus (Williston, 1893), comb. n.; Ktyr mesae (Tucker, 1907), comb. n., Machimus facialis (Becker in Becker & Stein, 1913), comb. n., Tolmerus malkovskii (Lehr, 1970), comb. n., T. malkovskii aex (Lehr, 1970), comb. n., T. minor (Lehr, 1970), comb. n.

Pennisetum rich. in the plant collection of the Amur branch of the Botanical Garden−institute

The article presents the results of assessing the decorative qualities of plants of the genus Pennisetum Rich. in the collection of the AB BGI FEB RAS. The studied cultivars showed differences in plant height and ear length. The height and size of the inflorescences directly depend on the meteorological conditions prevailing during the years of growing plants. The highest quantitative indicators of plant height were noted in the varieties 'Majestic Purple' and 'Purple Candles'. 'Purple Majesty' plants grow taller in containers than outdoors. The color of the vegetative parts of plants and inflorescences declared by the manufacturer for six varieties of Pennisetum glaucum L. did not correspond to the variety description. Variety 'Jade Princess', in comparison with other varieties, has a bright yellowish-green color of the leaves and burgundy-brown color of the inflorescences. In cultivar P. glaucum «Majestic Violet», splitting of varietal traits was observed in terms of the color of the vegetative parts of plants and the ear. The total duration of vegetation for all varieties of P. glaucum ranged from 189 to 211 days. Plant height in Pennisetum orientale Rich. regardless of the method of cultivation (open/ closed ground) varied insignificantly. The earliest flowering phase in outdoor cultivation was Pennisetum villosum Fresen. Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. late entry into the heading and flowering phase was noted, regardless of the method of cultivation. The highest quantitative indicators (plant height/ear length) among the studied species were found in Pennisetum setauceum (Forssk.) Chiov. According to the research results, P. setauceum and P. villosum can be attributed to the number of promising species for growing in the conditions of the south of the Amur Region. These species go through all phases of development and form full-fledged seeds; when grown in a container culture, they do not lose their decorative effect throughout the season.

TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF DIAMESA TSUTSUII TOKUNAGA (DIPTERA, CHIRONOMIDAE, DIAMESINAE)

Collection of larvae and male imago of Diamesa tsutsuii (Tokunaga, 1936) (Diamesinae, Chironomidae, Diptera) from a few localities of Sakhalin Island and Primorye stored in the Laboratory of Freshwater Hydrobiology FSCEATB FEB RAS (Vladivostok) is under discussion. A comparison of conchological features with the purpose to check the validity of taxonomic characters is made.

Nadezhda Abramovna Kanover — “Above all for Her Were Books”

The article tells about the Far Eastern librarian Nadezhda Abramovna Kanover, a follower of the bibliographer Z.N. Matveev, who played a great role in the development of librarianship in Vladivostok. The publication is based on the documents from the Current Archive of the Presidium of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Science (FEB RAS), Central Scientific Library (CSL) of FEB RAS and Society for Study of Amur Region (SSAR) that for the first time reveal unknown facts from N.A. Kanover life and characterize the situation in library science in the Russian Far East in 1930s — 1950s. Heading several libraries including the future CSL FEB RAS and library of Primorskiy branch of State Geographical Society (SFGS), N.A. Kanover put much efforts in collecting collections and making conditions for book storage, as well as promoted book culture by publishing articles and organizing book exhibitions. Thanks to her, Vladivostok received a unique old-believers’ collection that belonged to bibliophile S.Ya. Ponosov. Printed editions of the collection are now kept in the SSAR library (former SFGS library), icons and religious artefacts are in the Primorsky Picture Gallery and the V.K. Arsenyev Museum of Far East History. These organisations presented a part of Ponosov’s collection at the joint exhibition “Legend of Belovodie” (Vladivostok, February 18 — July 30, 2023). The pages of Kanover’s biography connected with the last months of life of V.K. Arsenyev, the famous traveller and explorer of the Far East, are remarkable. While working in the library of SFGS, N.A. Kanover became its last secretary, dealing with the correspondent network of the branch. Unfortunately, almost nothing is known about the last years of her life, but N.A. Kanover’s work in the field of Far Eastern library science is not forgotten.

Biochemical and Ultrastructural Changes in the Microalgae <i>Tisochrysis lutea</i> (Bendif et Probert) (Haptophyta) at different stages of growth in enhancement culture

In our study we investigated the growth, biochemical composition, and ultrastructure of Tisochrysis lutea microalgae in enrichment culture during 30 days experiment. The number of T. lutea cells increased throughout the experiment. We noted an increase in the size and number of lipid droplets containing fatty acids and carotenoids, including fucoxanthin, in the exponential and stationary phases of their growth. It has been established that the total content of carotenoids reaches a maximum in the stationary phase and decreases in the dying phase. During the stationary phase, exocytosis is observed in cells with the release of lipid droplets. This study demonstrates the potential of the T. lutea clone MBRU_Tiso-08 from the Marine Biobank Bioresource Collection of the NSCMB FEB RAS as a raw material for domestic biotechnology aimed at the combined extraction of carotenoids (including fucoxanthin) and lipids (including docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic fatty acids).

Научное сотрудничество Вьетнамской академии наук и технологий (ВАНТ) и ТОИ ДВО РАН

The paper presents information about the cooperation of the Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technologies (VAST) and the V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS (РOI FEB RAS) in the field of marine research and study of the South China Sea. Long-term joint research includes a large complex of hydrological, hydrophysical, hydrochemical, geological, geophysical, gas geochemical work, covering not only the waters of Vietnam, but also islands in the Gulf of Tonkin, and areas of thermal springs along the Red River rift valley in the territory of Vietnam. To develop Russian-Vietnamese research, a joint Russian-Vietnamese laboratory for marine sciences and technologies was created in 2010.