Memory Characteristics Research Articles

Viscoelastic, Shape Memory, and Fracture Characteristics of 3D-Printed Photosensitive Epoxy-Based Resin Under the Effect of Hydrothermal Ageing

Using 3D-printed (3DPd) polymers and their composites as shape memory materials in various smart engineering applications has raised the demand for such functionally graded sustainable materials. This study aims to investigate the viscoelastic, shape memory, and fracture toughness properties of the epoxy-based ultraviolet (UV)-curable resin. A UV-based DLP (Digital Light Processing) printer was employed for the 3D printing (3DPg) epoxy-based structures. The effect of the hydrothermal accelerated ageing on the various properties of the 3DPd components was examined. The viscoelastic performance in terms of glass transition temperature (Tg), storage modulus, and loss modulus was evaluated. The shape memory polymer (SMP) performance with respect to shape recovery and shape fixity (programming the shape) were calculated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). DMTA is used to reveal the molecular mobility performance through three different regions, i.e., glass region, glass transition region, and rubbery region. The shape-changing region (within the glass transition region) between the Tg value from the loss modulus and the Tg value from the tan(δ) was analysed. The temperature memory behaviour was investigated for flat and circular 3DPd structures to achieve sequential deployment. The critical stress intensity factor values of the single-edge notch bending (SENB) specimens have been explored for different crack inclination angles to investigate mode I (opening) and mixed-mode I/III (opening and tearing) fracture toughness. This study can contribute to the development of highly complex shape memory 3DPd structures that can be reshaped several times with large deformation.

Restoring tumor antigenicity activates the "bystander" T cell immune cycle.

Tumor-specific T cells play a crucial role in tumor immunity. However, these cells are often scarce and functionally exhausted within the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to the limited efficacy of immunotherapy in many cancer patients. In contrast, increasing evidence suggests that the TME is rich in "bystander" T cells (TBYS), most of which are virus-specific and unrelated to the tumor. These TBYS cells retain functional memory characteristics and the potential to kill tumor cells. To utilize TBYS cells in the TME for tumor elimination, we designed an intracellular delivery system, ASCP, encoding a TBYS epitope to redirect tumor cell antigen specificity toward pre-existing TBYS cells, resulting in effective tumor inhibition in multiple preclinical models. The ASCP-antigen peptide strategy restores the antigenicity of tumor cells and induces epitope spreading of tumor antigens, thereby eliciting more diverse tumor-specific T cell responses. Remarkably, this strategy incorporates MHC-II epitopes containing unnatural amino acids (p-nitrophenylalanine, termed NiraTh), which stimulate CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity and assist CD8+ T cells in clearing tumors. Overall, the ASCP-mediated tumor antigen reprogramming strategy provides important insights for cancer immunotherapy in populations with a history of common viral infections.

Results From First-in-Human Phase I Study of a Novel CD19-1XX Chimeric Antigen Receptor With Calibrated Signaling in Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

We designed a CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising a calibrated signaling module, termed 1XX, that differs from that of conventional CD28/CD3ζ and 4-1BB/CD3ζ CARs. Preclinical data demonstrated that 1XX CARs generated potent effector function without undermining T-cell persistence. We hypothesized that 1XX CAR T cells may be effective at low doses and elicit minimal toxicities. In this first-in-human, phase I, dose escalation and expansion clinical trial, patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma received 19(T2)28z-1XX CAR T cells at four dose levels (DLs), ranging from 25 to 200 × 106. Twenty-eight patients underwent apheresis and received CAR T cells. Sixteen and 12 patients were treated in the dose escalation and expansion cohorts, respectively. The overall response rate (ORR) was 82% and complete response (CR) rate was 71% in the entire cohort. The lowest dose of 25 × 106 was selected for dose expansion. In 16 patients treated at this DL, 88% achieved ORR and 75% CR. With the median follow-up of 24 months, the 1-year event-free survival was 61% (95% CI, 45 to 82) and 14 patients remain in continuous CR beyond 12 months. In all cohorts, grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome rates were low at 4% and 7%, respectively. 1XX CAR T-cell products contain a higher proportion of CD8 T cells with memory features, and CAR T-cell persistence has been detected beyond 1-2 years in patients with ongoing remission. The calibrated potency of the 1XX CAR affords excellent efficacy at low cell doses with favorable toxicity profiles and may benefit the treatment of other hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and autoimmunity.

Multifunctional UV photodetect-memristors based on area selective fabricated Ga2S3/graphene/GaN van der Waals heterojunctions.

Multifunctional devices based on van der Waals heterojunctions have drawn significant attention owing to their portable size, low power consumption and various application scenarios. However, high fabrication equipment requirements, complex device structures and limited operating conditions hinder their potential value. Herein, multifunctional UV photodetect-memristors based on Ga2S3/graphene/GaN van der Waals heterojunctions via area selective deposition have been proposed for the first time. The Ga2S3/graphene/GaN heterojunctions are firstly grown via area selective deposition (ASD) without a mask plate or lithography process. And the corresponding molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) simulation further confirmed its feasibility and physical properties. Subsequently, multifunctional devices based on Ga2S3/graphene/GaN heterojunctions are fabricated accordingly, and exhibit ultrafast (<80 μs) response at 0 V and stable, highly sensitive (1150.4 A W-1) memory features at 3 V. Here, the huge hole barriers formed on the two edges of graphene set the foundation of trapping and detecting light-induced carriers. Afterwards, handwriting numeral recognition tasks are carried out based on the performance extracted from the device and a simplified noise filtering and improved recognition accuracy system is proposed, confirming its application potential in the artificial intelligence area. This study proposes a practical way to grow large-size 2D materials selectively, shows the valuable application potential of p-g-n heterojunctions in various application fields, and expands an innovative path of device development in the post-Moorish era.

Enhanced water‐induced shape memory and swelling characteristics of graphene oxide‐cellulose nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites

AbstractAn efficient water‐induced shape memory polymer (SMP) has been developed by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The resulting PVA/GO‐CNF hybrid nanocomposite films at 1 wt% exhibit synergistic effect with superior water‐induced shape memory performance, with 100% shape recovery within 37 sec. Moreover, these hybrid nanocomposite films at 1 wt% demonstrate superior mechanical strength of 77.9 MPa and an improved glass transition temperature (Tg) of 61.4°C in dry conditions. The synergetic effect of GO and CNF in PVA overcomes the limitations of other PVA‐based SMPs in terms of mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and resistance to excessive swelling. Exposure to water significantly reduces Tg to 24.2°C, as confirmed by DSC analysis, which is attributed to the decrease in hydrogen bonding between PVA and 1 wt% GO‐CNF caused by the swelling and plasticizing effect of water. Consequently, the shape recovery of the PVA/1 wt% GO‐CNF occurs with a switching temperature activation due to the polymer chains' released strain energy. These findings suggest that these hybrid films hold the potential for expanding the applications of SMPs in biomedical and moisture‐responsive application such as soft robotics and smart textiles, where water serves as the primary stimulus.Highlights PVA/1 wt% GO‐CNF hybrid film demonstrates 100% shape recovery in 37 sec. Water immersed PVA/1 wt% GO‐CNF nanocomposites show a reduction in Tg to 24.2°C. PVA/1 wt% GO‐CNF nanocomposite shows superior mechanical strength in dry conditions. Shape memory behavior is due to reduction in hydrogen bonding and plasticizing effect.

Hydrophilic Shape‐Memory Nanozyme Aerogel for the Development of a Reusable and Signal‐Amplified Sensor

AbstractNanozymes hold great promise for biosensing applications, yet their practical implementation is hampered by limitations in signal enhancement, reusability, and device integration. Herein, the development of a hydrophilic shape‐memory nanozyme aerogel that addresses these challenges is reported. The aerogel platform is constructed by embedding chitosan‐protected platinum nanoparticles (Pt‐CS NPs), which exhibit intrinsic peroxidase (POD) activity, within a polyacrylic acid (PAA) aerogel matrix. This hybrid Pt‐CS/PAA aerogel retains the shape‐memory effect of the PAA component as well as the POD activity of the Pt‐CS NPs. Importantly, the aerogel exhibits differential adsorption behaviors toward the two distinct POD oxidation products, oxidized 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐benzidine (oxTMB) and oxidized 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (oxABTS), driven by their differing electrostatic potentials with the aerogel. By integrating the shape‐memory effect, nanozyme catalysis, and exceptional probe adsorption performance, the aerogel enables the realization of the signal‐amplified or reusable nanozyme‐based assay, when employing TMB and ABTS as chromogenic substrates, respectively. Furthermore, the aerogel architecture allows for straightforward deviceization, transforming nanozyme‐based analysis from conventional test paper formats into practical, reusable sensing devices. This work establishes a generalizable blueprint for engineering smart nanozyme materials with shape memory characteristics, opening up new avenues for developing advanced biosensing platforms with enhanced performance and user‐friendly operability.

Dynamic Analysis of a 10-Dimensional Fractional-Order Hyperchaotic System Using Advanced Hyperchaotic Metrics

In this paper, we propose an innovative approach to fractional-order dynamics by introducing a 10-dimensional (10D) chaotic system that leverages the intrinsic memory characteristic of the Grünwald–Letnikov (G-L) derivative. We utilize Lyapunov exponents as a quantitative measure to characterize hyperchaotic behavior, and classify the nature of the suggested 10D fractional-order system (FOS). While several methods exist for calculating Lyapunov exponents (LEs) through the utilization of integer-order systems, these approaches are not applicable for FOS due to its non-local nature. Initially, the system dynamics are thoroughly examined through Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation analysis, considering the influence of both state variables and fractional orders. To assess the hyperchaotic behavior of the proposed model, sensitivity analyses are conducted by exploring changes in state variables under two distinct initial conditions, along with time history simulations for various parameter settings. Furthermore, we examine the impact of different fractional-order sets on the system’s dynamics. A comprehensive performance comparison is conducted between the proposed 10-dimensional fractional-order hyperchaotic system and several existing hyperchaotic systems. This comparison utilizes advanced metrics, including the Kolmogorov–Sinai (KS) entropy, Kaplan–Yorke dimension, the Perron effect analysis, and the 0-1 test for chaos. Simulation outcomes reveal that the proposed system surpasses existing algorithms, delivering improved precision and accuracy.

Electrosynthesis of Ru (II)-Polypyridyl Oligomeric Films on ITO Electrode for Two Terminal Non-Volatile Memory Devices and Neuromorphic Computing.

Molecular electronics exhibiting resistive-switching memory features hold great promise for the next generation of digital technology. In this work, electrosynthesis of ruthenium polypyridyl nanoscale oligomeric films is demonstrated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode followed by an ITO top contact deposition yielding large-scale (junction area = 0.7 × 0.7 cm2) two terminal molecular junctions. The molecular junctions exhibit non-volatile resistive switching at a relatively lower operational voltage, ±1V, high ON/OFF electrical current ratio (≈103), low-energy consumption (SET/RESET = 27.94/14400 nJ), good cyclic stability (>300 cycles), and switching speed (SET/RESET = 25ms/20ms). A computational study suggests that accessible frontier molecular orbitals of metal-complex to the Fermi level of ITO electrodes facilitate charge transport at a relatively lower bias followed by a filamentformation. An extensive analysis is performed of the performance of binary neural networks exploiting the current-voltage features of the devices as binary synaptic weights and exploring their potential for neuromorphic logic-in-memory implementation of IMPLICATION (IMPLY) operation which can realize universal gates. The comprehensive analysis indicates that the proposed redox-active complex-based memory device may be a promising candidate for high-density data storage, energy-efficient implementation of neuromorphic networks with software-level accuracy, and logic-in-memory implementations.

Oral microbiota among treatment-naïve adolescents with depression: A case-control study.

Adolescent depression has profound impacts on physical, cognitive, and emotional development. While gut microbiota changes have been linked to depression, the relationship between oral microbiota and depression remains elusive. Our study aims to investigate the oral microbiota in treatment-naïve adolescents experiencing depression and examine their potential associations with cognitive function. Our case-control study comprised two groups of adolescents aged 12-17: the depression group, including treatment-naïve individuals diagnosed with DSM-5 major depressive disorder (MDD), and a healthy control group of non-depressed individuals (HC). Participants underwent structured neuropsychiatric assessments, and fasting morning saliva samples were collected for the 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the oral microbiota. Significant differences were identified in the α- and β-diversities of the oral microbiota between MDD and HC groups. Specific bacterial taxa, including genera Streptococcus, Neisseria, Hemophilus, Fusobacterium, and g_norank_f_norank_o_Absconditabacteriales_SR1, were significantly associated with MDD. The association extends to cognitive functions, where correlations were observed between certain oral bacteria and cognitive scores, including instant and delayed memory, visual breadth, and speech features for the combined MDD and HC individuals (p<0.05). Random forest analysis identified ten genera of oral microbes with the highest predictive values for MDD. The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.78 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Our results highlight the oral microbiota's role as a biomarker for adolescent depression and its impact on cognitive functions. These insights underscore the need for further research into the links between oral health, mental health, and cognitive functions.

Association between auditory mismatch negativity and visual working memory in school-age children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients exhibit characteristics of impaired working memory (WM) and diminished sensory processing function. This study aimed to identify the neurophysiologic basis underlying the association between visual WM and auditory processing function in children with ADHD. The participants included 86 children with ADHD (aged 6-15 years, mean age 9.66 years, 70 boys, and 16 girls) and 90 typically developing (TD) children (aged 7-16 years, mean age 10.30 years, 66 boys, and 24 girls). Electroencephalograms were recorded from all participants while they performed an auditory discrimination task (oddball task). The visual WM capacity and ADHD symptom severity were measured for all participants. Compared with TD children, children with ADHD presented a poorer visual WM capacity and a smaller mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude. Notably, the smaller MMN amplitude in children with ADHD predicted a less impaired WM capacity and milder inattention symptom severity. In contrast, the larger MMN amplitude in TD children predicted a better visual WM capacity. Our results suggest an intimate relationship and potential shared mechanism between visual WM and auditory processing function. We liken this shared mechanism to a total cognitive resource limit that varies between groups of children, which could drive correlated individual differences in auditory processing function and visual WM. Our findings provide a neurophysiological correlate for reports of WM deficits in ADHD patients and indicate potential effective markers for clinical intervention.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom profiles and positive memory characteristics among South Asians in the United States.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom profiles and positive memory characteristics among South Asians in the United States.

Synesthetic Interactions: Exploring the Multisensory Relationships Between Color and Scent in Human Perception

Abstract The article explores the intricate relationship between colors and odors through five experiments. These experiments were developed by researchers in the field of olfactory design and used in a public workshop held in Brescia titled Chromascent, as part of the event il Corpo Eterno, curated by Elena Abbiatici. The first experiment investigates the duration and characteristics of visual and olfactive memories, revealing a complex interplay between these sensory modalities. The second focuses on the influence of color on perceived fragrance purity, showing that color can affect the identification of pure scents. The third experiment examines the neurological connections between colors and smells, suggesting that congruent color-odor pairings enhance cognitive performance. The fourth study investigates the effect of color intensity on perceived scent intensity, yielding mixed results. The fifth experiment delves into the mental processing of a pleasant atmosphere, demonstrating the dominant role of visual stimuli and the significant impact of olfactory elements in shaping emotional responses and memories. This comprehensive study offers valuable insights into the multisensory nature of human perception, with practical applications for design fields including product design, packaging, educational environments, and interior design. These findings can inform the creation of multisensory experiences that are aesthetically pleasing and enhance cognitive function, emotional response, and memory formation.

Tailoring the actuation characteristics of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy/polyimide thin film composites

Tailoring the actuation characteristics of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy/polyimide thin film composites

LIntegrated analyses uncover new features of atypical memory B cells and novel targets for intervention

lIntegrated analyses uncover new features of atypical memory B cells and novel targets for intervention

Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/HfO2/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Laminated Thin Films and CF4 Plasma Passivation for Improved Memory and Synaptic Characteristics of Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor

Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/HfO2/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Laminated Thin Films and CF4 Plasma Passivation for Improved Memory and Synaptic Characteristics of Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor

Changes in and Potential Mechanisms of Circulating IgA+CD27-Class-Switched Memory B Cells in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis.

The role of memory B cells and their subgroups in allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergen immunotherapy (AIT) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of memory B cells in the circulation of patients with AR and those undergoing AIT, as well as their clinical significance. This study involved a cohort comprising 32healthy control subjects, 39 individuals diagnosed with AR, and 31 AR patients who had received AIT for over one year. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were used for symptom assessment, and the serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and cytokines were quantified. This study evaluated alterations in the proportions of peripheral blood memory B cells and their subpopulations, plasma cells, and various T-cell subsets across the three participant groups. The proportion of IgA+CD27- class-switched memory B cells in the AR group significantly decreased compared to the control group, but significantly increased following AIT (P < 0.05). In AR patients, circulating IgA+CD27- class-switched memory B cells were significantly positively correlated with Treg cells, IL-10, and IL-4 and significantly negatively correlated with IFN-γ, total IgE, sIgE, and VAS scores (P < 0.05). After AIT, the number of circulating IgA+CD27- class-switched memory B cells in AR patients was significantly positively correlated with the number of Treg cells and IL-10 and significantly negatively correlated with the VAS score (P < 0.05). The IgA+CD27- class-switched memory cell subset in human peripheral blood may serve as a potential biomarker for evaluating AR symptoms and treatment efficacy. Its mechanism may be associated with interactions between T and B cells.

Weaving Bonds: Constructing a Model to Unveil the Role of Relationship Memories in Satisfaction

ABSTRACTRelationship satisfaction is closely tied to various characteristics of recollected past events within romantic relationships. However, our understanding of how distinct characteristics of these memories, individually and collectively are related to satisfaction remains limited. This study aimed to explore the associations between these characteristics and examine their role in relationship satisfaction. Participants recalled two memories from their relationships and rated the memory characteristics. The results revealed relationships between event characteristics and both rehearsal and recollection. Yet, rehearsal did not mediate the relationship between event characteristics and recollection. When relationship satisfaction was incorporated into the model, negative events marked by high emotion and personal significance, were related to increased rehearsal frequency, which in turn was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. However, personally significant negative events also enhanced recollective features, which heightened relationship satisfaction. These findings highlight the crucial role of relationship memories in relationship satisfaction, especially for the negative events.

Positive affect amplifies integration within episodic memories in the laboratory and the real world.

Emotional events hold a privileged place in our memories, differing in accuracy and structure from memories for neutral experiences. Although much work has focused on the pronounced differences in memory for negative experiences, there is growing evidence that positive events may lead to more holistic, or integrated, memories. However, it is unclear whether these affect-driven changes in memory structure, which have been found in highly controlled laboratory environments, extend to real-world episodic memories. We ran experiments that assessed memory for experiences created in the laboratory (Experiment 1) and, using smartphones, memories for everyday experiences (Experiment 2). We complement these design innovations with a novel analysis approach to model memory accuracy and integration in both settings. Consistent with past findings, emotional events were subjectively remembered more strongly. These studies also revealed that features of more positive events were indeed more integrated within memory, both in the laboratory and the real world. These effects were specific to participants' emotional responses to the events during encoding rather than general emotional states at the time of retrieval, and reflected a general increase in integration between multiple memory features. Together, these results demonstrate robust differences in memory for positive events, introduce a novel measure of memory integration, and highlight the importance of assessing the impact of emotion on memory beyond the laboratory.

Dual-Modal Memory Enabled by a Single Vertical N-Type Organic Artificial Synapse for Neuromorphic Computing.

Complementary neural network circuits combining multifunctional high-performance p-type with n-type organic artificial synapses satisfy sophisticated applications such as image cognition and prosthesis control. However, implementing the dual-modal memory features that are both volatile and nonvolatile in a synaptic transistor is challenging. Herein, for the first time, we propose a single vertical n-type organic synaptic transistor (VNOST) with a novel polymeric organic mixed ionic-electronic conductor as the core channel material to achieve dual-modal synaptic learning/memory behaviors at different operating current densities via the formation of an electric double layer and the reversible ion doping. As a volatile synaptic device, the resulting VNOST demonstrated an unprecedented operating current density of MA cm-2. Meanwhile, it is capable of 150 analog states, symmetric conductance modulation, and good state retention (100 s) for a nonvolatile synapse. Importantly, the artificial neural networks (ANNs) for recognition accuracy of the handwritten digital data sets recognition rate up to 94% based on its nonvolatile feature. This study provides a promising platform for building organic neuromorphic network circuits in complex application scenarios where high-performing n-type organic synapse transistors with dual-mode memory characters are necessitated.

Episodic retrieval for model-based evaluation in sequential decision tasks.

It has long been hypothesized that episodic memory supports adaptive decision making by enabling mental simulation of future events. Yet, attempts to characterize this process are surprisingly rare. On one hand, memory research is often carried out in settings that are far removed from ecological contexts of decision making. On the other hand, models of adaptive choice only invoke episodic memory in highly stylized terms, if at all. To address these gaps, we propose TCM-SR, a novel process-level model that grounds model-based evaluation in empirically informed dynamics of episodic recall. In this model, the probability of retrieving each available memory is governed by the successor representation, a biologically plausible world model in reinforcement learning. The evolution of these probabilities based on past retrievals, in turn, is dictated by the temporal context model, a prominent model of episodic retrieval. Through simulations and analytical derivations, we show that the patterns of episodic retrieval suggested by this model enables flexible computation of decision variables. On this basis, a number of previously described features of episodic memory might serve an adaptive purpose in sequential decision making. For instance, we show that the contiguity effect, a well-known bias in episodic retrieval, enables mental simulation via model-based rollouts to inform decisions. We also show that backward retrieval and emotional modulation improve generalization and the efficiency of decisions given limited experience. By bridging computational models across these two domains, we make several theoretical and empirical predictions linking episodic memory to adaptive choice in sequential tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).