Gender Characteristics Research Articles

Deconstructing the map of the paradigm struggle: tracing a nationwide debate on “I do not get it” in Art Magazine (Meishu)

Understanding the contemporaneity of non-Western art has gained significant attention from scholars across various academic disciplines and different countries. With respect to the notion of “contemporaneity” of contemporary Chinese art, the related theoretical struggles suggest a complex paradigm map that consists of the geographically distinct sociocultural, economic, ideological, political, historical, ethnic and gender characteristics of the PRC. Thus, if discourse is a “gene pool” for interpreting research outcomes, from which scholars can extract a specific range of knowledge, draw on statements and establish their theoretical frameworks, the shaping of discourse and the ensuing theoretical paradigm struggle are more likely to influence one’s scholarly judgements, particularly in his or her exploratory research. This study acknowledges Pierre Bourdieu’s understanding of discourse as an essential tool for exploring the invisible forces within a field, as well as his focus on the reproduction of power within the realms of cultural production and consumption from a cultural sociological viewpoint. On this basis, this study traces a large-scale academic debate sparked by a reader’s letter to Art Magazine (Meishu) when China underwent a series of significant cultural and social transformations in the early 1980s. Through thematic analysis, this article illustrates how the symbolic value and cultural meaning of the “internationalized” art discourse have changed among specific groups of artists and visitors within the Chinese sociocultural context. This article demonstrates that the debate among mainstream critical paradigms, including essentialism, postmodernism-structuralism, and deconstructionism, does not necessarily imply a consequence of a zero-sum game or a struggle for discursive hegemony. While each paradigm has paradoxical issues for understanding the “contemporaneity” of contemporary Chinese art, they may still be able to coexist.

Optimizing Predictions For Thyroid Disease Sufferers Using Correlation Matrix And Random Forest With Hyperparameter Tuning

Thyroid disease is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting the body's hormone function and balance. Symptoms can include changes in weight, fatigue, and temperature regulation issues. Although the causes are varied, thyroid disease can generally be treated with medications or medical interventions. The objective of this study is to present and optimize a predictive model for thyroid disease patients by measuring the comparison between correlation analysis of traits and the variables used, as well as evaluating the performance of the Random Forest method in optimizing predictions. One machine learning method that can be used to optimize the prediction of thyroid disease patients is Random Forest. The features used include age, gender, smoking history, radiotherapy history, and pathology characteristics, which are utilized to optimize predictions using this Random Forest algorithm. This study employs hyperparameter tuning, with the best parameters being (n_estimators) 100 and (max_depth) 30, which are then used to predict the occurrence of thyroid disease with an accuracy of 95%.

The Role of Environmental Factors Prior to Diagnosis on the Activity and Severity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Results From the Prospective Population-Based Copenhagen Inflammatory Bowel Disease Inception Cohort.

The influence of environmental factors on the severity of early inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of environmental factors in the initial phenotype, activity, and severity of IBD. Copenhagen IBD Inception Cohort is a prospective population-based cohort of patients with newly diagnosed IBD between May 2021 and May 2023. Data on environmental factors were captured at IBD diagnosis using International Organisation of IBD (IOIBD) and HeartDiet questionnaires. Environmental factors' influence on outcome was analyzed and odds ratios (aOR) were adjusted for age, gender, and disease characteristics (adjusted OR, aOR [95% confidence interval]). In total, 208 and 128 patients with incident UC and CD, respectively, were included. Active smoking was associated with increased risk of CD-related hospitalization (aOR=2.84 [1.03; 7.88]) and stricturing phenotype (aOR=5.28 [1.76; 15.85]) but lower risk of severe UC course (aOR=0.28 [0.08; 0.95]). Further, previous smoking was not associated with negative effects in patients with CD in terms of early need for biologics, surgery, or hospitalization. In terms of diets, daily consumption of fruits (aOR=0.27 [0.07; 0.99]) or vegetables (aOR=0.27 [0.09; 0.80]) was inversely associated with stricturing CD, whereas whole meal bread was associated with reduced risk of severe CD activity (aOR=0.40 [0.16; 0.98]). This prospective population-based study highlighted several environmental factors associated with the initial severity and activity of IBD, emphasizing their pivotal role in the initial disease burden and giving guidance to personalized patient counseling.

Ценностные ориентиры современной молодежи в контексте формирования просоциального поведения

Introduction. Value orientation of today’s youth is a key problematic aspect of socio-cultural cognition. This paper concentrates on characteristics of value orientations of today’s young people, and how they impact prosocial behavior in this age group. Theoretical Basis. There is a lack of conceptual and systematic understanding of value orientations and their association with young people’s value and meaning sphere. This study represents a first attempt to determine ontogenetic changes in each component of the psychological construct and social development of today’s generation of young people. Results and Discussion. An analytical literary overview provides a background for the main value orientations of youth and their development trends. The fact that traditional values, including family, health, and love still remain main social trends for female youths, represents a gender characteristic of values of young generation. Meanwhile, male youths strive for self-realization. A high level of remuneration remains the main work motivation among young people; they are also interested in the compliance of work with their interests. This paper generalizes and systematizes the results of current studies on age-related characteristics of associations among prosociality and other intrapsychic systems, including volitional regulation, intelligence indicators, and social responsibility. The factors of youth deprivation (egoistic motivation and distortions in the attributive system of trust in the world) influence the age genesis of prosociality. Initiative and intelligence determine prosocial tendencies in adolescence, late adolescence, and early adulthood. The programs for stimulating prosociality should be focused on a mature prosociality. This idea provides conceptual frameworks for objective criteria for the expediency of prosocial forms of behavior, reflexive subjectivity, and personal pleasure from actions for the benefit of another person.

Некоторые аспекты стандартизации родовых различий в сербском и хорватском языках (на материале толковых словарей и справочников)

This article is dedicated to specific variations in gender forms of nouns in Serbian and Croatian. The aim of this research is to describe certain aspects of inter-variant gender differences in Serbian and Croatian explanatory dictionaries and language reference books. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that, for the first time, specific discrepancies in gender forms have been established when comparing Serbian and Croatian literary (standard) languages. Nouns, when compared between Serbian and Croatian, may have non-identical gender characteristics. The work examines specific issues of standardizing variant gender correlates through the prism of symbols and abbreviations in the structure of Serbian and Croatian explanatory dictionaries. The unification of gender variants of individual lexical units, the selection of a recommended exemplary variant with its corresponding fixation in dictionaries and reference books, are accompanied by symbols and normative-stylistic labels. The results obtained have shown that for the Serbian language, it is characteristic to preserve the duality of the norm when choosing one of the gender variants, while for the Croatian language, it is characteristic to fix that exemplary variant which is not so representative and widespread in the Serbian language environment. The comparative analysis of gender differences is illustrated by examples from Serbian and Croatian online publications.

Сharacteristics of age dynamics of general and special physical fitness indicators of acrobats of different genders at stages of long-term improvement

The analysis of the age-related dynamics of the general and special physical fitness indicators of acrobats from different age and gender groups at various stages of long-term improvement is presented, along with the identification of specific changes in the athletes' physical abilities depending on gender and age, with the aim of optimizing the training process and developing the athletes' physical fitness. A group of experts selected 9 tests for the age categories of 9-11, 12-16, and 17-23 years, justifying their choice based on the fact that these tests best and most accurately correspond to the age characteristics, preparation level, and stage of long-term improvement. All selected tests, in terms of their structure, correspond to the specifics of pair acrobatics and are informative for complex coordination sports. In the experimental groups, special authorial complexes of general and special physical fitness exercises were proposed, which, in their structure, are similar to competitive acrobatic movements. This, in turn, led to an increase in the level of leading motor qualities of acrobats in the experimental groups. Considering the gender aspect, the experiment showed a difference between female and male acrobats, which is due to physiological differences, with a focus on the leading qualities characteristic of male and female athletes separately. Age-related features and the dynamics of the general and special physical fitness indicators of acrobats, both in pairs and group events, are characterized by significant changes throughout all stages of long-term improvement. In the 9-11 and 12-16 age categories, an increase in general and special physical fitness is observed, while in the 17-23 age category, these indicators stabilize. Therefore, continuous improvement of the training process is necessary to achieve high sports results. The study revealed the presence of a relationship between technical preparation (evaluated by a universal exercise) and specific indicators of general and special physical fitness. For example, in female acrobats and male acrobats in the 12-15 age category, the test "5 push-ups in a headstand (c)" showed r=0.74 and r=0.78, respectively; in boys aged 17-23 years, the test "push-ups in a lying position (number of repetitions)" showed r=0.82, and in girls, it was r=0.70. The regular relationship between motor qualities is connected with motor skills since acrobatic movement technique is realized through motor skills. To achieve high sports results and optimize the process of athlete development, special physical fitness is one of the leading factors in acrobatics, and its level depends on the individual, age, and gender characteristics of the athletes.

P0332 Optimization and assessment of colonoscopy preparation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a comprehensive single-center analysis with focus on disease-specific factors

Abstract Background Colonoscopy remains a cornerstone in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, yet comprehensive data on preparation quality and tolerability in this specific population remains limited. We aimed to evaluate bowel preparation efficacy, tolerability, and colonoscopy outcomes in IBD patients while analyzing disease-specific influencing factors. Methods We conducted a prospective single-center study of 78 IBD patients (45 ulcerative colitis [UC] and 33 Crohn’s disease [CD]) undergoing routine colonoscopy surveillance. All patients received a split-dose 4L polyethylene glycol preparation. We collected comprehensive data including clinical parameters, Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) scores, sedation requirements, and procedure tolerability using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-100mm). Disease activity was assessed using standardized endoscopic scores. Results Mean age was 47.2 ± 14.5 years for UC and 43.8 ± 13.9 years for CD patients. Adequate bowel preparation (BBPS ≥6) was achieved in 85.7% (67/78) of patients, with a mean total BBPS score of 6.3 ± 1.4. Female patients showed slightly higher preparation quality scores compared to males (BBPS 6.5 ± 1.3 vs 6.1 ± 1.4, p=0.12), though this difference was not statistically significant. Complete colonoscopy was successfully performed in 93.6% (73/78) of cases. No significant differences in BBPS scores were observed between UC and CD patients (6.4 ± 1.5 vs 6.2 ± 1.3, p=0.62), or between patients with active disease versus those in remission (6.3 ± 1.4 vs 6.2 ± 1.5, p=0.85). Preparation tolerability was rated as good or excellent (VAS ≥70) in 76.9% (60/78) of patients, with similar ratings between genders (females: 77.8%, males: 75.9%, p=0.83). Notably, 32.1% (25/78) of IBD patients required increased sedation compared to standard doses, with a higher proportion in CD patients (42.4%, 14/33) compared to UC patients (24.4%, 11/45, p=0.047), and in female patients (37.2%, 16/43) compared to males (25.7%, 9/35, p=0.038). Disease-related factors including disease duration, location, and previous surgery did not significantly impact preparation quality. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that high-quality bowel preparation can be achieved in IBD patients regardless of gender and disease characteristics, with good tolerability rates. However, increased sedation requirements, particularly in CD patients and females, should be anticipated. These findings support the implementation of standardized preparation protocols in IBD patients while emphasizing the need for personalized sedation strategies based on both disease and demographic factors.

Evaluation of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Attending at DOTS Center of Chattagram Maa Shishu-O-General Hospital

Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that mainly involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To evaluate the age and gender characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients as well as outcome of tuberculosis control. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted at DOTS center at a tertiary, teaching hospital in the Chattogram region of Bangladesh. by evaluating the medical records of 133 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Age, gender, sputum smear status and Gene-Xpert test results were among the variables examined. Patients with comorbid conditions were not considered. Other information was not evaluated. Results: The male-to-female ratio in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 1.4:1. A large proportion of patients (44%) were in the young and reproductive age group. Approximately, one-fifth of patients were in the pediatric age group and onesixth of patients were in the geriatric age group. Conclusion: The finding suggests that two-thirds of all female smear-positive patients were of reproductive age has significant implications for tuberculosis control strategies due to increased chances of mother-to-newborn transmission. Because of the increased risk of default, difficulties, inconvenience, and the presence of other concomitant diseases, pediatric and geriatric patients are a large category. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.23 (1); January 2024; Page 38-41

Gendered Artificial Intelligence in Marketing: Behavioral and Neural Insights Into Product Recommendations

ABSTRACTMarketing research consistently demonstrates that gender stereotypes influence the effectiveness of product recommendations. When artificial intelligence (AI) agents are designed with gendered features to enhance anthropomorphism, a follow‐up question is whether these agents' recommendations are also shaped by gender stereotypes. To investigate this, the current study employed a shopping task featuring product recommendations (utilitarian vs. hedonic), using both behavioral measures (purchase likelihood, personal interest, and tip amount) and event‐related potential components (P1, N1, P2, N2, P3, and late positive potential) to capture explicit and implicit responses to products recommended by male and female humans, virtual assistants, or robots. The findings revealed that gender stereotypes influenced responses at both levels but in distinct ways. Behaviorally, participants consistently favored female recommenders across all conditions. Additionally, female recommenders received more tips than males for hedonic products in the virtual assistant condition and utilitarian products in the robot condition. Implicitly, the N1 and N2 components reflected a classic gender stereotype from prior research: utilitarian products recommended by male humans elicited greater attention and received more inhibition control. We propose that task design and cultural factors may have contributed to the observed discrepancies between explicit (consumer behaviors) and implicit responses. These findings provide insights for mitigating the impact of gender difference when designing the anthropomorphic appearance of AI agents, which would help the development of more effective marketing strategies.

Closing the gender pay gap for executives

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The number of female executive directors can be restricted due to conventional prejudices and stereotyping. This typically leads to lower compensation compared to male counterparts, a situation that can be further affected by the tendency of women to work in smaller firms where remuneration is lower. Differences in gender characteristics and associated behaviors might also be significant, although these can erode over time. Scope to narrow the pay divide increases when women are appointed to the nomination and remuneration committee (NRC) and are given decision-making responsibilities. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADULT PATIENTS WHO SUFFERED FROM COVID-19 IN THE KEMEROVO REGION – KUZBASS (ACCORDING TO THE FEDERAL REGISTRY OF COVID-19 PATIENTS)

HighlightsThe article presents the results of the analysis of age and gender characteristics of patients, epidemiological and clinical features of the course of the new coronavirus infection, and appropriate patient care strategies in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass in 2020–2022 according to the Federal Registry of COVID-19 patients. AnnotationAim. To analyze age and gender characteristics of patients, epidemiological and clinical features of the course of the new coronavirus infection (NCI, COVID-19), and the aspects of patient care strategies for this cohort of patients in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass in 2020–2022 using the data from the Federal Registry of COVID-19 patients.Methods. The object of the study was the Federal Registry of COVID-19 patients (for the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass). The data was presented in the format of data as of January 10, 2023 and in dynamics – from June 14, 2020 to December 31, 2022. The subject of the retrospective study included: age and gender of patients, prevalence and morbidity associated with COVID-19, mortality from NCI, type of medical care/treatment and its absence (outpatient, inpatient, including treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU)), severity of NCI (mild, moderate, severe, extremely severe), etc. The unit of analysis was the adult population (18 years and older) permanently residing in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass and included in the Federal Registry of COVID-19 patients with U07.1 and U07.2 ICD-10-CM codes.Results. The authors analyzed the data of 345,588 patients diagnosed with NCI. The median age was 53.2 (38.7; 66.0) years. The majority of participants were female (61%), the number of males was much lower (39%). The prevalence of the disease in 2020 was 2,593.1 cases per 100 thousand population of Kuzbass, in 2021 it was 6,764.5 cases, in 2022 it was 7,468.8 cases in the analyzed age group. The majority cases were people with mild (78.3%) and less often moderate severity (16.8%) of the disease. The authors noted that the cases with severe (2.9%) and extremely severe (2.0%) course were detected with the same frequency. The majority of patients were undergoing outpatient treatment (75.9%), a quarter of patients (23.7%) were undergoing inpatient treatment, 0.4% of patients refused treatment. The median duration of outpatient treatment was 11 (7.0; 15.0) days, inpatient treatment lasted 10.0 (7.0; 14.0) bed-days. The inpatients were 16.7 years older than the outpatients. In the ICU, 7,025 patients received treatment during the analyzed period, which accounted for 2% of all patients aged≥ 18 years and 8.6% of those who were hospitalized. 75.1% of patients treated in the ICU needed mechanical ventilation. During the analyzed period, 3.9% of the patients with NCI included in the analysis died. Mortality from NCI in 2020 amounted to 124.6 cases per 100 thousand population, in 2021 – 392.5 cases, in 2022 – 136 cases. The median age of the deceased persons was 72 (64.4; 81.8) years, the deceased women were 3.6 years older than men.Conclusion. The study made it possible to systematize data on gender and age characteristics of patients, epidemiological and clinical features of the course of NCI, as well as aspects of medical care for this cohort of patients in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass in 2020-2022 according to the Federal Registry of COVID-19 patients. The results obtained can be used for rational allocation of healthcare resources.

Investigating the Roles of Gender, Age, and Sport Characteristics on School and Sport Burnout in Finnish Lower Secondary School Student Athletes.

School sport programs for lower secondary school in Finland (i.e., Grades 7-9) show great promise in helping student athletes prepare for careers in both sport and academic pursuits. However, it has also been found that participation in these programs is highly competitive and demanding and may result in poor mental health outcomes like burnout for some students. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how burnout in sport and school in Finnish lower secondary school students was associated with gender, age, training loads, level of competition, and sport type. A sample of 856 lower secondary school students (Grades 7-9, ages 13-15 years old) completed measures of sport and school burnout and provided information on their demographics and sport. Gender, age, training loads, level of competition, and sport type predicted a small but significant portion of variance in sport-related exhaustion, cynicism, and inadequacy, and in school-related exhaustion, but not school cynicism or inadequacy. Females and student athletes with higher training loads generally reported higher levels of burnout, while only a small number of effects related to age, competition level, and type of sport were observed. Lower secondary sports schools in Finland might aim to understand the difficulties encountered by student athletes, particularly females and those with higher training loads. This understanding can guide them in taking informed, practical measures to safeguard the mental health of these students and optimize their performance both academically and athletically.

The Patient’s right to informed voluntary consent in the provision of psychiatric care using artificial intelligence systems

The article examines the legal aspects of ensuring the patient’s right to informed voluntary consent in the provision of psychiatric care using artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Overall, the use of AI opens new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, offering significant potential to enhance the effectiveness of psychiatric care. However, the application of these technologies introduces various risks for patients, particularly concerning the protection of autonomy, the transparency of AI algorithms, and the security of personal data. Patients with mental disorders represent a particularly vulnerable group requiring additional legal guarantees in decision-making regarding treatment, especially when innovative technologies are involved. Based on an analysis of existing technologies, the authors identify a number of risks associated with the use of AI systems in psychiatric care, including: 1) violations of personal data confidentiality; 2) risks associated with decisions made by AI systems; 3) potential discrimination based on gender, race, religion, or other characteristics; 4) misuse in medical practice through the use of AI; 5) risks arising from malfunctions in AI systems; 6) other potential hazards. To mitigate these risks, the article considers legal regulatory measures, including the introduction of European legislation such as the AI Act, certification implementation, and the establishment of effective mechanisms for informed voluntary consent to AI use in psychiatry, given the high risks posed by this technology. The authors note that Ukrainian legislation currently lacks adequate mechanisms for obtaining informed consent in the use of AI for psychiatric care. The article proposes improvements to Ukrainian regulatory acts through the development of a separate consent form for the use of AI systems in psychiatric assessment or treatment, which would help to avoid the legal risks inherent in AI systems. Such a consent form would include detailed information for the patient about the specific AI systems to be used, their nature, purpose, and estimated duration of use. It would also inform the patient that the data collected and processed by the AI system would be protected according to data protection legislation, and it would include a verbal explanation of risks by the physician, as well as the options for choosing alternative treatment methods based on the doctor’s recommendations. The conclusions emphasize the importance of advancing national legislation to align with the AI Development Concept and international certification standards. This will ensure the protection of patients’ rights and foster the effective integration of AI in the field of psychiatric care.

ANALYSIS OF EYE TRAUMA OVER THE 5 YEARS BASED ON THE DATABASE OF THE NATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY CENTRE NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN ZARIFA ALIYEVA

Purpose – to analyze the frequency of occurrence, the structure and dynamics of ophthalmic injuries based on patients referrals to the National Ophthalmology Centre named after Academician Zarifa Aliyeva (NOC). Material and methods Based on NOC reporting forms according to outpatient (form №25) and inpatient cards (form f-003/u) for 2019-2023. The dynamics of the incidence of injuries to the organ of vision and the indicator of the structure of ophthalmic injuries, gender and age characteristics of appealability were studied. According statistical reporting, the age of the patients was standardized into two categories: “0-18 years” and “over 18 years”. Statistical data processing was carried out using the MSO Excel software package. Results According to statistics, over the years there has been a decrease in the number of patient visits and hospitalizations with eye injuries. On average, 72.9±5.8% of all applied patients were men. In 2022-2023, there is a growing trend in the proportion of women with eye injuries. The proportion of household injuries is statistically significantly higher among the age category “0-18 years” compared to older patients. An increase in the proportion of eye injuries indicates the need to take effective measures to work with the population in order to reduce ophthalmic injuries in general. Conclusion The material obtained in this work dictates the need for a more detailed study of not only the causes of injuries to the organ of vision among patients who applied, but also the timeliness of treatment, the structure and type of the injury, its possible complications due to the development of a secondary infection, etc. Key words: ophthalmic injuries, structure of ophthalmic traumatism, National Ophthalmology Centre named after Academician Zarifa Aliyeva

Analysis of hepatitis B mortality trends in China from 2006 to 2021

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B mortality among Chinese residents from 2006 to 2021 and predict the mortality trends from 2022 to 2027, providing reference for hepatitis B prevention and control efforts. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using hepatitis B mortality data from 2006 to 2021 published by the Chinese Center For Disease Control And Prevention. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated based on the 2000 Chinese population as the standard population. The crude mortality rate (CMR) and ASMR were analyzed for temporal, regional, gender, and age distribution characteristics. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze trends, and the grey model was applied to predict CMR and ASMR from 2022 to 2027. Results: From 2006 to 2021, a total of 77 722 hepatitis B deaths were recorded, with an average CMR of 2.69/10 thousands and an ASMR of 2.00/10 thousands. The ASMR showed an overall decreasing trend for both males (AAPC=-5.4%, 95%CI: -8.1 to -2.7, P<0.001) and females (AAPC=-5.7%, 95%CI: -8.4 to -3.0, P<0.001). Declining trends were also observed in urban areas (AAPC=-5.0%, 95%CI: -7.7 to -2.2, P=0.001) and rural areas (AAPC=-5.7%, 95%CI: -9.0 to -2.4, P=0.001). Regional analysis indicated that the western, central, and eastern regions had average ASMRs of 2.86/10 thousands, 2.05/10 thousands, and 1.42/10 thousands, respectively, all showing downward trends. The grey model predicted that from 2022 to 2027, the CMR would decrease annually from 2.36/10 thousands to 2.03/10 thousands, while the ASMR would decline from 1.37/10 thousands to 1.04/10 thousands. Conclusions: Hepatitis B mortality rates in China, reflected by CMR and ASMR, have shown a consistent downward trend, indicating progress in hepatitis B prevention and control. Future efforts should prioritize targeted screening and preventive measures for rural populations, western regions, and males to further reduce mortality.

Enhancing trauma cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation training with the use of virtual reality (Trauma SimVR): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

With the increasing availability and use of digital tools such as virtual reality in medical education, there is a need to evaluate their impact on clinical performance and decision-making among healthcare professionals. The Trauma SimVR study is investigating the efficacy of virtual reality training in the context of traumatic in-hospital cardiac arrest. This study protocol (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT06445764) for a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial focuses on first-year residents in anesthesiology/intensive care, traumatology, and emergency medicine. The study will compare the clinical performance in a simulated scenario between participants who received virtual reality training and those who received traditional e-learning courses for preparation. The primary endpoint is the time to a predefined intervention to treat the underlying cause of the simulated traumatic cardiac arrest. Secondary endpoints include protocol deviations, cognitive load during simulated scenarios, and the influence of gender and personality characteristics on learning outcomes. The e-learning and the virtual reality training content will be developed in collaboration with experts from various medical specialties and nursing, focusing on procedural processes, guideline adherence specific to trauma patient care, and traumatic in-hospital cardiac arrest. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the efficacy of virtual reality training, contributing to the advancement of medical education, and serve as a foundation for future research in this rapidly evolving field.

The impact of text format on the quality of students' reading performance

Introduction. The rapid proliferation of digital technologies and the widespread adoption of electronic texts in the educational process have raised the question of the impact of text presentation mode on the quality of students' reading. This issue is especially important during the period of development of reading skills in primary school. This article describes the results of an experimental study conducted to investigate the influence of text presentation mode on the reading performance of primary and secondary school students. Materials and methods. To achieve the research goals and objectives, an experimental design with repeated measures and control of additional variables using counterbalancing was developed. Participants were asked to read simplified and complicated texts in electronic and print formats sequentially. The experiment was conducted in two stages to assess the reading quality of simplified narrative texts and texts with a complex rhetorical structure. The experiment involved 107 primary school students aged 7 to 10 years (mean age = 9.33, 53.33% girls) and 30 secondary school students aged 11 to 15 years (mean age = 12.33, 53.33% girls). Results. The study found no significant differences in younger students' reading speed, memorization performance, and comprehension of simple narrative texts presented in electronic and print formats (163≤T≤648; 0,24≤p≤0,97). As students matured, they showed higher memorization performance for simple electronic texts compared to printed texts (χ 2 =5,98; p=0,047 – text «MA»; χ 2 =8,79; p=0,012 – text «AA»). However, the text format did not affect reading speed. The significance of the text presentation mode was amplified when perceiving complex texts. Girls showed a slower reading speed for complex electronic texts (T=89,5; p=0,0097), boys – lower remembering (T=12; p=0,019) and comprehension (T=56; p=0,039). All the groups showed lower memorization quality of electronic texts compared to printed texts (T=292; p=0,024). Conclusion. The study results demonstrated that the text presentation format (electronic/print) influences the reading performance of primary and secondary school students. However, this influence is not uniform and depends on several factors, such as the content of the text, its complexity, age, gender, and individual psychological characteristics of the readers. The results highlight the importance of a selective approach to the use of electronic texts in school education.

성적 괴롭힘 피해연예인을 위한 인권행동의사에 정서적 성숙이 미치는 영향과 신체매력 후광효과인식 및 인권인식의 매개효과 검증

This study investigates the impact of emotional maturity on intentions to engage in human rights actions for celebrities who have experienced sexual harassment, with a focus on the dual mediating roles of perceived physical attractiveness halo and human rights awareness, alongside moderating effects of gender and generational differences (pre-MZ vs. MZ generation). Data were gathered from a nationwide sample of 624 adults aged 25 to 59 and analyzed using structural equation modeling with AMOS and Mplus. Results indicate that while women show higher human rights awareness than men regarding sexually harassed celebrities, gender differences are not observed in human rights action intentions. Additionally, the pre-MZ generation demonstrates higher human rights awareness compared to the MZ generation, with no significant generational difference in action intentions. Emotional maturity positively correlates with human rights action intentions across genders and within the MZ generation, mediated in part by increased human rights awareness. For the pre-MZ generation, emotional maturity indirectly affects action intentions via full mediation through human rights awareness. Finally, among women and the MZ generation, heightened perception of the physical attractiveness halo effect weakens the positive impact of emotional maturity on action intentions, illustrating this perception’s mediating effect. No similar effect is found in men or the pre-MZ generation, underscoring the moderating role of gender and generational characteristics. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Analysis of Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction after Revascularization

Annotation. The objective of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical and functional characteristics of the course of acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) after revascularization in patients who died and those who survived. The study included 286 patients with an average age of 62.8±9.8 years. Among the participants, 202 (70.6%) were men and 84 (29.4%) were women. All patients were hospitalized within 12 hours from the onset of pain syndrome, and all underwent urgent coronary angiography and stenting of the infarct-related artery. All patients underwent a general clinical examination, laboratory diagnostics including the determination of hemoglobin, glucose, creatinine, cystatin C, troponin I, C-reactive peptide; coronaroventriculography, 12-lead electrocardiography, and echocardiography according to the standard protocol. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was performed using the STATISTICA 6.1 software package, version No. ВХХR901E246022FA, and Microsoft Excel. It was found that 28 individuals (9.8%) died during the hospitalization stage. The average age of the deceased was 62.5 (55.5; 70.5) years, which does not significantly differ from that of the surviving patients. There was no statistical difference in gender characteristics either, with 21 (75.0%) men among the deceased and 181 (70.2%) men among the survivors, p=0.59. In the group of deceased patients, there was a significantly higher number of individuals with multivessel coronary artery disease, specifically 13 (46.4%) compared to 74 (28.7%), p=0.005. Among the surviving patients, there was a significantly higher number of individuals with single-vessel disease: 6 (21.4%) compared to 102 (39.5%), p=0.06. Among the deceased patients, acute heart failure Killip IV, p=0.009, and conduction disorders, p=0.01, were significantly more frequently diagnosed. In the group of deceased individuals, the levels of C-reactive peptide were significantly higher at 13.2 (5.5; 19.5) compared to 10.0 (6.0; 16.0), p=0.05; cystatin C levels were 1.61 (0.98; 1.51) compared to 1.23 (0.97; 1.38), p=0.05; and glucose levels were 8.8 (5.8; 12.1) compared to 7.1 (5.9; 10.0), p=0.05. So, among patients with STEMI, 28 individuals (9.8%) died during the hospital stage after urgent revascularization. Among the deceased patients, acute heart failure Killip IV and conduction disorders (sinoatrial and atrioventricular block) were significantly more frequently diagnosed, which became the cause of death. One of the most clinically and statistically significant factors distinguishing the comparison groups was the predominance of patients with multivessel disease. In the group of patients who died in the hospital, significantly higher levels of CRP, cystatin C, and glucose were noted. The level of cystatin C is a more sensitive diagnostic criterion in deceased patients compared to creatinine.

Ascertaining provider-level implicit bias in electronic health records with rules-based natural language processing: A pilot study in the case of prostate cancer.

Implicit, unconscious biases in medicine are personal attitudes about race, ethnicity, gender, and other characteristics that may lead to discriminatory patterns of care. However, there is no consensus on whether implicit bias represents a true predictor of differential care given an absence of real-world studies. We conducted the first real-world pilot study of provider implicit bias by evaluating treatment parity in prostate cancer using unstructured data-the most common way providers document granular details of the patient encounter. Patients ≥18 years with a diagnosis of very-low to favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer followed by 3 urologic oncologists from 2010 through 2021. The race Implicit Association Test was administered to all providers. Natural language processing screened human annotation using validated regex ontologies evaluated each provider's care on four prostate cancer quality indicators: (1) active surveillance utilization; (2) molecular biomarker discussion; (3) urinary function evaluation; and (4) sexual function evaluation. The chi-squared test and phi coefficient were utilized to respectively measure the statistical significance and the strength of association between race and four quality indicators. 1,094 patients were included. While Providers A and B demonstrated no preference on the race Implicit Association Test, Provider C showed preference for White patients. Provider C recommended active surveillance (p<0.01, φ = 0.175) and considered biomarkers (p = 0.047, φ = 0.127) more often in White men than expected, suggestive of treatment imparity. Provider A considered biomarkers (p<0.01, φ = 0.179) more often in White men than expected. Provider B demonstrated treatment parity in all evaluated quality indicators (p>0.05). In this pilot study, providers' practice patterns were associated with both patient race and implicit racial preferences in prostate cancer. Alerting providers of existing implicit bias may restore parity, however future assessments are needed to validate this concept.