Engineering Features Research Articles

Restoring wetlands outside of the seawalls and to provide clean water habitat

In this study, we reported a practice at northern Hangzhou Bay, southeast China aimed at restoring coastal wetlands within the intertidal zone outside of the seawalls. The principle idea is protecting the site and helping the marsh establishment by engineering measures, and thereafter, relieving the protections to encourage the self-organization of the restored ecosystem. The results of this implementation showed the marsh reached an average vegetation cover of 70% in the first year. The excess nitrogen was removed by an ecological recirculating treatment system, which was coupled in the wetland. The long-term performance of the wetland suggested that it could resist disturbances such as hurricanes and algal blooms, and provided clean water habitat for aquatic fauna. By presenting the case of Hangzhou Bay, we call for more novel coastal restoration implementations that aim to create new boundaries with engineering features and self-organization, which benefit both human and nature.

Comparative investigation on MHD nonlinear radiative flow through a moving thin needle comprising two hybridized AA7075 and AA7072 alloys nanomaterials through binary chemical reaction with activation energy

The intention of the current study is analyzing the significance of nonlinear radiation on magnetic field involving hybrid AA7075 and AA7072 alloys nanomaterials through thin needle. The scenario has been modeled mathematically by captivating the binary chemical reaction and activation energy. Similarity variables are deployed to change the system of PDE’s into nonlinear ODE’s and subsequently solved these equations through bvp4c solver. Influence of distinct material parameters on the velocity, concentration and temperature along with the correlated engineering features quantities such as drag force, heat and mass transfer rate are obtained and demonstrated via plots. The velocity of the liquid is declining function of magnetic field, while the temperature augments. In addition, obtained numerical results are contrasted through the available literature and appeared to be in admirable harmony. The current investigation shows the important features in solar hybrid alloy nanomaterials systems and aircraft technology.

Features of Application of Some Methods of Non-Traditional Technology to Improve the Functional Quality of Low-Rise Construction Objects

Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology Features of Application of Some Methods of Non-Traditional Technology to Improve the Functional Quality of Low-Rise Construction Objects Alexander AP* Associate Professor of Fundamentals of Architecture, Russia *Corresponding author: Alexander AP, Associate Professor of Fundamentals of Architecture, Russia Submission: January 20, 2020;Published: February 10, 2020 DOI: 10.31031/ACET.2020.04.000577 ISSN: 2639-0574 Volume4 Issue1

Discrete-time pure-tension sliding mode predictive control for the deployment of space tethered satellite with input saturation

A novel discrete-time pure-tension sliding mode predictive control scheme is presented to realize the deployment of space tethered satellite system in consideration of saturated input, which inherits the property of explicitly handling constraints from model predictive control, and the remarkable robustness from sliding mode control. Considering the digital control characteristics of the practical engineering, a discrete-time nonlinear model of space tethered satellite system is derived based on the discrete-time Euler-Lagrange theorem. Then, a discrete-time underactuated sliding manifold and a sliding mode predictive equation are raised to guarantee a more stable and faster tension control. Meanwhile, given the input saturation, an auxiliary controller is involved in the proposed controller to compensate saturated tension. By using Lyapunov stability theory, the accessibility of the discrete-time sliding manifold and the asymptotic stability of the deployment process are certificated. Finally, groups of numerical simulations for the deployment are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Study on Characteristics and Application of High Plastic Clay Filling for In-service Highway

Clearing the engineering characteristics of high plastic clay and its engineering application are the basis for rational use of high plastic clay to fill the embankment. In this study, a series of water content tests, relative density tests, liquid and plastic limit tests, the grain size analysis tests, compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out based on high plastic clay of diseased subgrade along west-section of Hainan Beltline Freeway. The relationships between CBR and water content, coarse particle content and compaction energy were studied. The results indicated that water content, coarse particle content, and compaction energy had significant effect on CBR, and water content is the main impact factor on CBR values. The maximum CBR water content was greater than the optimal water content by 4% to 5%. The performance of CBR and dry density had obvious distinction under different consistency and compaction energy. The equilibrium water content of high plastic clay subgrade during highway running period was near the plastic limit, which is 6% to 13% higher than the optimal water content. Base on the indoor test results, the problems related to the application of high plastic clay in subgrade filling were analyzed considering the characteristics of highway engineering and climate in Hainan province. It was concluded that high plastic clay could be directly used for embankment filling when the compaction energy conducted under the maximum CBR water content.

Medical and technical aspects of activities at hospital departments of infectious diseases during the pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 and other highly infectious diseases

Introduction. The article presents information on the activities of inpatient facilities for infectious diseases during the pandemic of the new coronavirus disease 2019, taking into account current regulatory documents. The authors reviewed the principles of hospital zoning and patient controlled movement in hospitals for infectious diseases. The paper deals with the organization of the admission departments and equipment of the diagnostic units of hospitals for infectious diseases, providing a graphical presentation of an individual isolation unit (Melzer box) including description of the control and management system for safe access to infectious units. The characteristics of engineering and communication systems, disposal of hazardous medical waste, catering, navigation systems, operational remote communication between doctors and patients, application of barcoding for patient identification and medical records are also discussed. The purpose of this paper was to: Identify the shortcomings of the existing regulatory framework concerning the management and organization of health care institutions that provide medical care to patients with the new coronavirus infection; Identify areas that require adjustments, given the modern requirements for high quality treatment, as well as to ensure epidemiological safety for medical staff and patients; Specify additional requirements for hospitals for infectious diseases, which should be taken into account when planning major repairs, reconstruction and construction of new medical facilities for providing health care during the pandemic of new coronavirus disease 2019 and other highly infectious infections.

Multi-Criteria Computer Aided System for Industrial Machines' Performance Assessment

Efforts have been made by some researchers to determine machines' economic performance, some considered engineering features, some supply conditions while some look into the productivity as well as profitability of the machine separately. Recently, [1] saw the performance assessment of machine as surrogate problem and they deviate from single strategic decision common in past researches to multi-criteria approach in their research. Considerations were given to: annual operation cost, machine effectiveness and cost effective index as strategic decisions for machine performance evaluation. The model was robust, well integrated but its application is time consuming for decision making. There is no software to address this multi-criteria surrogate problem yet. Available single strategic decision software was of high cost, hence the development of this software that is flexible and novel to proffer solution to this problem using JAVA programming language. The software performance was evaluated using the data gotten from [1]. The summary of each year performance of a case study of cocoa winnowing machine on each of the selected strategic decision from 2008 to 2017, as it affects the machine annual operating cost (MAOC), overall machine effectiveness (MEFF) and cost effective index (CEI), was shown in Table 2. That of the year 2008 was 226,061.365; 0.97; and 0.99 for AOC; MEFF and CEI respectively. These results were statistically analysed and the results’ graphs were shown in Figures 2-5, and Figure 6, respectively. Their results were compared with the results of the software developed and the results were 100% accurate since there was no deviation from the results. Availability of this software makes the developed multi-criteria machine performance assessment model useable anywhere in the world.

Comparative analysis of trend of change of Azerbaijan’s energy sector functioning stability at the current development stage

Methodological and practical aspects of the trend of the change of the Azerbaijan’s energy sector functioning stability in 2012-2018, based on the methodology presented by the World Energy Congress (WEC), are analyzed and considered in the paper. The basis of the methodology for the assessment of power engineering stability is the use of an energy triangle, where the vertices are energy security, environmental sustainability and energy availability, where a set of indicators with their own weighting coefficients is used to evaluate each of the subsystems. The number of indicators, and, of course, the weighting coefficients are adjusted in time in order to fully take into account all the features of the power engineering. Recalculated The values of the Azerbaijan’s energy sector functioning stability during the period under review, taking into account all available indicators, some of which were not taken into account in the calculation of the WEC for the assessment of the individual subsystems, have been recalculated, due to this fact the Azerbaijan’s place in the ranking of countries has moved a few positions higher.

Cross-functional teams as an instrument for the development of company’s knowledge potential

The aim of the paper is to examine the process of concurrent engineering in cross-functional teams and their role in the formation of knowledge potential of a company. Concurrent engineering in cross-functional teams is presented as an alternative to the traditional approach to the development of innovative products. In this study, organizational, activity and functional approaches were used, as well as the methods of analysis, deduction and generalization. The authors analyze the essence and features of concurrent engineering in the context of cross-functional teams. The necessity of considering cross-functional teams from the perspective of the community determining identity, common interests in a team, its relative integrity is established. The research has shown the importance of cross-functional teams in the development and formation of company’s knowledge potential. The article discusses various coordination mechanisms operating in cross-functional teams. The analysis of the features of cross-functional teams allows us to determine that they are built on the principles of adhocracy and impact the development of knowledge potential of companies significantly. However, cross-functional teams require a special management approach. The paper presents directions for further development of the research such as empirical analysis of the influence of various coordination mechanisms on knowledge sharing in a cross-functional team. The results of the study contribute to further research on cross-functional teams and effective knowledge sharing.

Engineering and geological features of the soil section of the main water pipeline route in Central Yakutia

The object of this study is the permafrost soils of the section of the route of the main water pipeline «Tabaga-Byuteidyakh» in rural areas of Central Yakutia, spanning approximately 28 kilometers. Permafrost soils are widely developed in the Southeastern part of Central Yakutia, and are located on the Leno-Amginsky interfluve. They lie in the upper part of the geological section and are underlying on the lane of the main water pipeline route, as well as fall into the foundations of engineering structures of industrial facilities and hydraulic engineering construction. The study is based on a complex of field engineering and geological surveys, as well as laboratory studies of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks. The article discusses the features of the composition, structure and properties of rocks in this area. It is noted that among the considered soils, there is a variety of granulometric types, cryogenic texture from massive to layered, with clay soils usually of higher ice content than sandy ones. Technogenic loads are also mentioned in the form of objects of the main water supply system, consisting of pumping stations, pipelines, reservoirs and channels, which lead to significant changes in the geocryological environment and surrounding landscapes.

Influence of technogenic factors on the engineering and geological conditions of the gas plant territory in the Orenburg region

The engineering and geotechnical conditions of the site of the helium plant in the Orenburg region are characterized. The possibility of its technogenic pollution has been identified by the results of literary and stock sources, as well as by engineering and geological surveys. The reason for the formation of pollution sites is substantiated. This fact is confirmed by analyzes of assessing the composition of groundwater and the physicomechanical properties of loess soils that make up the upper part of the geological section. Groundwater is characterized by increased mineralization, which is mainly caused by the high content of sulfates, chlorides, magnesium and calcium. Also, there is an increased content of ammonia, the smell of gasoline. Studies of the soil properties showed that it almost lost subsidence properties, with the exception of isolated cases. The subsidence of individual soil samples taken from a depth of 13.0-20.0 m is inexplicable by natural causes due to the impossibility of steeping them, taking into account the hydrogeological conditions of the site. It indicates an irreversible effect of leaks of chemical reagents on the soil. The established engineering and geological features of soils and their behavior along the depth of the section are confirmed by test results presented in the form of tables and graphs. The presented information is of great practical and scientific importance for predicting changes in the characteristics of the geological environment during technogenic pollution at oil and gas facilities. The feasibility of amending regulatory documents for a detailed study of this problem in accordance with existing recommendations and scientific developments is proposed.

Current challenges and opportunities in microstructure-related properties of Advanced High Strength Steels

This is a viewpoint paper on recent progress in the understanding of the microstructure-property relations of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS). These alloys constitute a class of high strength, formable steels that are designed mainly as sheet products for the transportation sector. AHSS have often very complex and hierarchical microstructures consisting of ferrite, austenite, bainite or martensite matrix or of duplex or even multiphase mixtures of these constituents, often enriched with precipitates. This complexity makes it challenging to establish reliable and mechanism-based microstructure-property relationships. A number of excellent studies already exist about the different types of AHSS (such as dual phase steels, complex phase steels, transformation induced plasticity steels, twinning induced plasticity steels, bainitic steels, quenching and partitioning steels, press hardening steels etc.) and several overviews appeared in which their engineering features related to mechanical properties and forming were discussed. This article reviews recent progress in the understanding of microstructures and alloy design in this field, placing particular attention on the deformation and strain hardening mechanisms of Mn-containing steels that utilize complex dislocation substructures, nanoscale precipitation patterns, deformation-driven transformation and twinning effects. Recent developments on micro-alloyed nanoprecipitation hardened and press hardening steels are also reviewed. Besides providing a critical discussion of their microstructures and properties, vital features such as their resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and damage formation are also evaluated. We also present latest progress in advanced characterization and modelling techniques applied to AHSS. Finally, emerging topics such as machine learning, through-process simulation and additive manufacturing of AHSS are discussed. The aim of this viewpoint is to identify similarities in the deformation and damage mechanisms among these various types of advanced steels and to use these observations for their further development and maturation.

Smart design engineering: leveraging product design and development to exploit the benefits from the 4th industrial revolution

Abstract The 4th industrial revolution (IR) requires new products and business models adjusted to the rapidly changing market conditions, which calls for evolutions in design engineering. In this context, smart design engineering is here defined as a methodology used during the analysis and design of a product or a system, which can be composed by hardware, software and/or services, and that explicitly considers exploiting the technologies and opportunities from the 4th IR. This work contributes to both design theory and practice: (i) it deepens the understanding about the necessary smart design engineering features and shows how these features impact the product design and development process’s (PDDP) key dimensions (procedures, people and tools); (ii) it maps the features’ impact on PDDP’s phases, thus providing practical direction for process improvement. To accomplish these results, a survey was performed on the initial features presented in the literature, which helped to identify new features and to confirm their relation to the 4th IR and their impact on the PDDP. These features were then analyzed against the 4th IR environment perspectives and core technologies, which led to understanding how they can be used to improve the PDDP.

Foreword by Guest Editor LTC James H. Schreiner, PhD, PMP, CPEM

This special issue of the Industrial and Systems Engineering Review highlights top papers from the 2019 annual General Donald R. Keith memorial capstone conference held at the United States Military Academy in West Point, NY. Following careful review of 48 academic paper submissions, eight were selected for publication in this journal. Each paper incorporated features of systems or industrial engineering and presented detailed and reflective analysis in the topic. Three general bodies of knowledge in the papers include: systems engineering and decision analysis, modeling and simulation, and artificial intelligence
 Systems Engineering and Decision Analysis topics included three unique contributions. The work of Flanick et al. examined adaptability in Hyper-Enabled Operator systems and recommended how each technology might address capability gaps for special operations forces. Wilby et al. employed a scalable predictive statistical model for decision support to significant work package prioritization for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers nationally significant inland waterway infrastructure. Contributions by Shi et al. employed value focused thinking and a robust cost model to enable decision quality for PM Cargo CH-47 technologies.
 Modeling and Simulation works also included three unique contributions. Recognized as ‘best paper’ at the 2019 conference, work by Cooley et al. developed a senior leader engagement model using sparse K-means clustering techniques to greatly improve the planning and execution for AFRICOM leadership. Lovell et al. employed robust military simulation models to evaluate and propose solutions Soldier Search and Target Acquisition protocols. Work by Drake et al. employed vehicle Routing Problem simulation software to enhance United Health Services material handling challenges across NY State thus enabling quality optimization choices.
 Finally, two unique contributions in artificial intelligence examined key text mining technologies. Shi et al. employed text mining and Latent Dirichlet Allocation modeling to derive insights through trends and clustering narratives on U.S. Army Officer Evaluation Reports and describe success. Similarly, text mining techniques by Senft et al. helped to examine and show similarities in success narratives across genders thus providing valuable insights for promotion boards.
 Congratulation to the 2019 undergraduate scholars and all authors who provided valuable contributions through thoughtful and steadfast intellectual efforts to their fields of study!
 
 LTC James H. Schreiner, PhD, PMP, CPEM
 Director, Operations Research Center
 Department of Systems Engineering
 United States Military Academy
 Mahan Hall, Bldg 752, Room 305
 West Point, NY 10996, USA
 james.schreiner@westpoint.edu 

THE ISSUES OF CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGIES OF RESIN MIXTURES FABRICATION FOR INTERNAL HEAT-PROTECTIVE COATING OF ROCKET SOLID FUEL ENGINE

One of specific features of rocket engineering – is the high rate of sophistication and renewal of structures due to constantly growing operational and technical specifications imposed to them. Every generation of rocket and space products features a new complex of design and processing parameters and new materials possessing higher properties. It is impossible to resolve the entire scope of design and processing tasks in course of development, creation and operation of spacecraft without extend development and infusion of new materials which possess a number of required characteristics imposed to state-of-the-art technology products. The most widespread and sophisticated structures of modern technology – are solid-propellant rocket motors (SPRM) made of polymer composite materials. One of the major tasks associated with their creation is development of the internal thermal protection coating of solid-propellant rocket motor casing. State enterprise Yuzhnoye Design Office named after M.K. Yangel is currently carrying out works on creation of solid-propellant rocket motors. Development of their internal thermal protection coatings using mainly domestically produced materials with specified requirements is a scientific and technological task of high importance which confirms the relevance of dissertational research.The article is devoted to the analysis of components and ingredients for rubber compounds, which provide the properties and basic functions of the thermal protective covering of solid propellant rocket engine. The article shows the main results of the work related to the development of prescribed composition and technology of manufacturing of elastomeric material which used in the manufacture of internal heat-resistant coating of solid-propellant rocket engines made of polymer composite materials.

ВИЯВЛЕННЯ ОЗНАК СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНЖЕНЕРІЇ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ПРОТИДІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНИМ ХАКЕРАМ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

У статті висвітлено основні методи та техніки соціальної інженерії на підприємстві. Явище маніпулятивного впливу досліджено в розрізі економічної безпеки підприємства. Серед найбільш поширених методів соціальної інженерії виокремлено методи, побудовані на людських слабкостях, зокрема на використанні інстинктів «цікавості» та «довіри». Вивчено основні шляхи та форми нападу. Проаналізовано інструментарій соціального хакера, який він застосовує для досягнення конкурентних переваг. Обґрунтовано ефективність використання інструментарію економіко-математичного моделювання та інтелектуального аналізу для побудови системи захисту. Запропоновано дієві механізми, що дають змогу оперативно відслідковувати та виявляти ознаки соціальної інженерії на ранніх стадіях, попереджати кіберзагрози на підприємстві та протидіяти соціальному хакерству.

Method of rock mass quality classification in ancient underground engineering based on three-parameter interval grey number

Rock mass quality classification is an important basis for long-term protection and tourism development of ancient underground engineering, however, the existing rock mass quality classification methods are difficult to apply to the special project of ancient underground engineering. Based on the in-depth analysis of the characteristics of ancient underground engineering and the influencing factors of rock mass quality, an evaluation index system for rock mass quality classification of ancient underground engineering is established by taking the long-term tensile strength of rock and the weathering velocity of rock mass as indicators. Secondly, for the evaluation index value has the character of bounded-but-unknown uncertainty, and in order to avoid information loss in interval numbers, the three-parameter interval grey number theory is introduced, based on the concept of three-parameter interval grey number distance measure, a rock mass quality classification calculation model for ancient underground engineering is established. Then, because of the complexity of ancient underground engineering, the idea of group decision-making is introduced, and based on the variation coefficient method, the weight calculation method of evaluation index is established to improve the reliability of weight calculation. Finally, a rock mass quality classification method for ancient underground engineering based on three-parameter interval grey number is established. The method is used to analysis the practical engineering, it shows that the method proposed here is feasible and reasonable.

Location-Based Optimized Service Selection for Data Management with Cloud Computing in Smart Grids

To maximize the utilization, reliability and availability of power resources, some distribution strategy has to be implemented, which is possible nowadays with the support of modern information technologies (IT). To further develop power utilization, the customer should be aware of efficient power utilization, and the problem of customer management has to be resolved, where payment of electric bills could be through online solutions. A customer-aware power regulatory model is proposed that provides awareness to the consumer regarding the usage of electrical energy, in a secure and reliable solution that combines the features of electrical engineering with cloud computing to ensure better performance in notifying issues, which is done based on location and enhances the operation of smart grids. Instant electric meters are equipped with remote gadgets which communicate with a central cloud administration to produce electric bills for the client. The model provides mindfulness by showing history/notifications and suggestions for energy utilization through the smart meters. The user is provided with security keys to view the reading values and pay bills. To make the solution more accessible, the electronic data will be maintained on various servers at different locations of the cloud. Subsequently, there will be a service provider who manages service requests. A hardwired electric meter transmits the electric readings, which in turn access the particular service to make an entry for the particular connection on the cloud. The usage data will also be maintained at different locations in the cloud, which are accessible to different levels of users with appropriate security measures. The user accessibility is controlled by a Third Party Auditor (TPA) that computes the trustworthiness of users using a trust management scheme. This article also proposes a hash function, which computes and verifies the signature of the keys submitted by the users and also has a higher completeness ratio, which reaches 0.93, than typical methods. This is noteworthy, and the investigation results prove the system’s proficiency in providing assured service.

ScafSLICR: A MATLAB-based slicing algorithm to enable 3D-printing of tissue engineering scaffolds with heterogeneous porous microarchitecture.

3D-printing is a powerful manufacturing tool that can create precise microscale architectures across macroscale geometries. Within biomedical research, 3D-printing of various materials has been used to fabricate rigid scaffolds for cell and tissue engineering constructs with precise microarchitecture to direct cell behavior and macroscale geometry provides patient specificity. While 3D-printing hardware has become low-cost due to modeling and rapid prototyping applications, there is no common paradigm or platform for the controlled design and manufacture of 3D-printed constructs for tissue engineering. Specifically, controlling the tissue engineering features of pore size, porosity, and pore arrangement is difficult using currently available software. We have developed a MATLAB approach termed scafSLICR to design and manufacture tissue-engineered scaffolds with precise microarchitecture and with simple options to enable spatially patterned pore properties. Using scafSLICR, we designed, manufactured, and characterized porous scaffolds in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene with a variety of pore sizes, porosities, and gradients. We found that transitions between different porous regions maintained an open, connected porous network without compromising mechanical integrity. Further, we demonstrated the usefulness of scafSLICR in patterning different porous designs throughout large anatomic shapes and in preparing craniofacial tissue engineering bone scaffolds. Finally, scafSLICR is distributed as open-source MATLAB scripts and as a stand-alone graphical interface.

Subject features of engineering activities of the supporting university

The subject of the research is a subject basis of the inter-branch and interdisciplinary integration of modern scientific and technological processes in the “supporting university - industry” system. Subject features of engineering were described using the methodology of the post-industrial society and post-non-classical stage of scientific development. Analysis of materials allowed for the conclusion that it is necessary to consider engineering at the theoretical (in developed form - at the epistemological) level rather than using its empirical and information models. The complex interaction of disciplinary, general scientific and socio-ideological components in the relationship between the university and its interdisciplinary environment belongs to one of the most important features of the subject basis of engineering in the supporting university.