Characteristics Of Mobile Devices Research Articles

Medical technical devices for medical evacuation of wounded and injured in emergency situations

Relevance. Medical evacuation of the wounded and injured in emergency situations of peacetime and wartime is an important component of medical support, which largely determines the effectiveness of medical care. The presence of a large number of victims forces us to use not only regular medical transport, but also any available vehicles for medical evacuation. Equipping vehicles with special modules and creating mobile medical technical devices that simultaneously solve the problem of monitoring physiological data, transport immobilization, transportation and treatment of the injured are certainly relevant. Intention. To analyze the use and justify the prospects for the development of medical technical devices for medical evacuation of victims in emergency situations of peacetime and wartime. Methodology. The subject of the study was the Russian and foreign experience in the medical evacuation of victims of emergency situation in peacetime and wartime. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the use of various systems and devices for the medical evacuation of the wounded and injured in emergency situations. The study of medical and technical characteristics, efficiency of use and development prospects of these devices was carried out using methods of historical analysis and comparison, logical analysis, expert estimates, system analysis and forecasting. Results and Discussion . It is shown that the technical improvement of medical evacuation can be carried out either by creating a special medical transport, or by developing devices that allow evacuating victims in any kind of transport while monitoring physiologically important functions and the possibility of carrying out basic resuscitation measures. Types of special medical transport created in the 70-80s of the 20th century for the evacuation of victims and the provision of qualified assistance on board (including in flight) were analyzed: the Mi-8MB “Bissectrisa” ambulance helicopter, resuscitation and operational aircraft An-26M “Spasatel”, operational-resuscitation aircraft laboratory IL-76MD “Scalpel”. The main medical and technical characteristics of mobile devices currently used for medical evacuation - medical modules for helicopter (MMB) and aircraft (MMS), medical air evacuation module STRATAIRMEDEVAC, multifunctional evacuation, transportation and immobilization unit METIU, medical evacuation device for seriously wounded UMETR, mobile rescue intensive care unit MIRF, and patient’s life support platform for transport LSTAT are presented. Promising developments - the diagnostic medical treatment and transportation complex for maintaining human vital activity “Angel” and a multifunctional robotic medical system are described. Conclusion. The use of special medical technical devices for medical evacuation makes it possible to increase the efficiency of medical care for the wounded and injured in emergency situations of peacetime and wartime.

Consumer preferences of attributes of mobile payment services in South Korea

The widespread diffusion of mobile devices has led to a new method of value transfer that retains the features of mobile devices: mobile payments. Many researchers have investigated consumers’ responses to mobile payment services, which is a key indicator of the success of a service, and have examined determinants of consumer adoption. Although many studies have addressed consumer adoption of mobile payment services, only the general and abstract factors affecting adoption (e.g., perceived usefulness) have been intensively investigated. However, these studies have rarely examined the idiosyncratic and concrete aspects of mobile payment services. To improve our understanding of why consumers adopt certain mobile payment services, this study investigated consumers’ evaluations of the explicit attributes of the services. Three hundred seventy-three consumers of mobile payment services participated in an online conjoint survey. Their preference structure was generated from a conjoint analysis including five service attributes (mobile payment platform, assurance policy, mileage program, authentication method, and affiliated stores), which were identified through a literature review and focus group discussion. The results showed that an assurance policy is the most critical factor influencing consumers’ choices, and a mileage program is considered to be as imperative as the platform. We also compared the findings by two consumer clusters (safety seekers vs. platform adherers), which were classified by preference. Because this study examines concrete and specific attributes of mobile payment services beyond abstract and general adoption factors, it provides insights into consumers’ actual adoption of services.

Sensors in Mobile Devices Knowledge Base

Multiple sensors are incorporated in modern mobile devices. The ubiquity of these mobile devices with a wide range of embedded sensors enables developing new types of sensor networks and novel applications. However, more often than not, users are unaware of the sensor quality in their devices. With the goal of facilitating closer collaboration between sensor developers and users' communities, we developed a knowledge base that contains various characteristics of sensors embedded into mobile devices and their quality analysis. In our novel analysis, we fused both sensor and mobile device characteristics to produce integral sensor quality indicators. Machine learning and clustering techniques were employed. To validate our approach, we collected comprehensive information about sensors currently embedded in more than 9000 mobile devices and analyzed them. We made this knowledge base and evaluation results available to the community. Also, an Android OS-based application that evaluates the quality of sensors in a particular device and provides recommendations on their use was developed and presented for community use. Examples of possible knowledge base applications are given.

Integrating Flipped Foreign Language Learning through Mobile Devices: Technology Acceptance and Flipped Learning Experience

Blended learning models have been extensively used in foreign language environments to extend in-class time as well as reinforce in-class explanations. Among these models, the increasing popularity of flipped learning has given rise to transformative pedagogies that address many of the problems experienced in traditional lecture-based classes. In this context, the use of stationary devices to develop flipped learning processes has been a common practice over the last years. However, the ubiquitous characteristics of mobile devices have rarely been investigated to carry out these types of learning methodologies. With this aim, the present investigation explores students’ perceptions and technological acceptance of the implementation of a flipped learning model in two English as a Foreign Language classes. A quantitative analysis was carried out in order to evaluate the information collected in the two groups. Findings yielded a positive perception of the flipped learning experience, particularly in terms of overall satisfaction. In addition, with regard to the use of mobile devices, participants reported ease of use and highlighted the importance of an appropriate design of the video contents for a successful flipped learning experience through mobile devices. Further research into this topic is sought as students also faced difficulties during the project.

Energy Efficient Virtual Fixed Number System on Mobile Devices

Kullanıcı alışkanlıklarının mobil cihazlara doğru değişmesi, mobil cihaz yaygınlığının artması ve giderek daha da yaygınlaşması, sabit telefon hizmetlerinin (telefon ve faks) yanı sıra, SMS hizmetinin mobil kullanımı ile farklı bir boyut kazanarak mevcut sabit telefon operatörleri için yeni bir yaklaşım sergilemiştir. Skype ve Whatsapp gibi birçok firmanın benzer özellikte ürün olmasına rağmen, uluslararası geçerli bir numara ile telekom sistemlerine bağlanarak kullanım sunmak internet üzeri yazılı ve sesli iletişim sağlayan önceki saydığımız firmalarda olmayan bir özellik olup, kullanım açısından özellikle kurumsal kullanımlarda fark yaratmaktadır. Kurumsal sabit numara kurumun kimliğinin bir parçasıdır. Bu numara üzerinden çağrı yapmak ve gelen çağrıları almak müşterilerle iletişimde güven sağlar. Bu nedenle özellikle küçük ve orta ölçekli firmalarda, firma çalışanı seyahatte iken kurumsal numara çağrısının o kişiye yönlendirilmesi zor ve ciddi bir maliyet oluşturmaktadır. Bu problemi çözmek için sanal sabit hat uygulamaları geliştirilmektedir. Bu yayın kapsamında mobil cihazlarda sabit telefon özelliklerinin kullanılması, bellek, batarya ve ses kalitesi yönetimi, şifreleme entegrasyonu açısından uluslararası kapsamda özgün çıktıları olan yaklaşımlarla oluşturulmuş mobil cihazlar üzerinde sanal sabit numara sistemi sunulmuştur.

Increasing User Satisfaction of Mobile Commerce using Usability

Online shopping continues to simplify people’s way of life in the present world. People no longer need to physically visit stores to buy items for home use or other purposes. This can be done online using mobile applications to order for preferred items, which can be delivered in return. However, the increase in the features of mobile applications and mobile devices makes usability testing a necessary aspect in today’s advancement of technology. This paper uses an experiment-based usability testing evaluation on Lazada Indonesia mobile application to understand four usability factors, namely, ease of use, efficiency, functionality, and satisfaction. The test was performed using 40 participants and all were students from Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Universitas Gadjah Mada, and Universitas Sanata Dharma. These performed 6 tasks on the mobile application and later answered a questionnaire to capture their views concerning the usability of the mobile application. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics were displayed using standard deviation and arithmetic means. The results from the evaluation showed that the mobile application is easy to use, efficient, and has good functionality. However, some issues were mentioned by participants which indicated that users were not fully satisfied with the mobile application. Therefore, this calls for designers to consider these usability issues to increase user satisfaction.

Traffic data collection using active mobile and stationary devices

In this paper, we study the complementary characteristics of stationary and mobile devices for traffic data collection. Since stationary devices continuously collect traffic data at fixed locations in a network, they can give insight of the traffic at particular locations over a longer period of time. Mobile devices have wider range and are able to collect traffic data over a larger geographic region. Thus, we argue that both types of technology should be considered to obtain high-quality information about vehicle movements. We present a traffic simulation model, which we use to study the share of successfully identified vehicles when considering both stationary and mobile technologies with varying identification rate. The results of our study, where we focus on freight transport in southern Sweden, confirms that it is possible to identify the majority of vehicles, even when the identification rate is low, and that the share of identified vehicles can be increased by using both stationary and mobile measurement devices.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF MOBILE LEARNING MATA KULIAH METODE PENELITIAN FPP UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Learning 4.0 refers to 9 IT-based trends and learning. Changes in education gave birth to innovations in the field of education with the aim of improving the quality of education. Information technology as an innovation becomes an educational need. Technology support in the field of education, educators are greatly helped in efforts to improve the quality of learning. The characteristics of mobile devices that have a high degree of flexibility and portability enable students to access material, direction and information related to learning where and at any time. One of them is the use of mobile learning applications. Interactive multimedia applications can be developed into mobile learning applications. The purpose of this study is to produce an application as a learning tool for students of research methods on Android-based smartphones that have material content that is tailored to the SOP of the State University of Padang. This application was developed through the Prototyping development approach with an Android-based Java programming language using the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) of Android Studio. The making of this research resulted in the application of research methods courses as a means of learning for students who had syllabus features, lesson plans, material from units I to X and videos adapted to the syllabus. With the results of the application of learning this research method, it is expected that this application can contribute and provide convenience in the learning process of FPP UNP student research methods.

Wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using discrete wavelet packet transform and principal component analysis

The cognitive radio is a wireless technology which offers so much promise in the mitigation of the problem of spectrum scarcity. To achieve this noble objective, a cognitive radio must be characterized by speed and accuracy. In this paper, we present a spectrum sensing technique using discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) and principal component analysis (PCA) with convex optimization. An input signal was decomposed using DWPT to generate the required data matrix whose dimension was reduced using PCA and optimized using convex optimization. This technique was extensively compared with spectrum sensing using discrete Fourier transform (DFT), which is a popular wideband scheme. It was found that the DWPT scheme significantly outperformed DFT in spectrum detection accuracy. This was attributed to the fact that the time–frequency nature of wavelet transform makes it less lossy, i.e., it preserves information content much more than the DFT. The effect of PCA on the scheme was also evaluated and it was found that data dimensionality reduction was considerable, which impacts positively on the speed of spectrum detection. Data dimensionality reduction due to PCA also translates to memory and energy savings for the CR, since less energy is spent in processing signal data. It can then be said that this technique is also energy efficient, a desirable feature for mobile devices.

Implementation of Energy Efficient gates using Adiabatic Logic for Low Power Applications

In today's electronic sector, low energy has appeared as a major feature. Power effectiveness is one of the most significant characteristics of contemporary, high-speed and mobile digital devices. Different methods are available to decrease energy dissipation at distinct stages of the planning method and have been applied. As the transistors count per device region continues to rise, while the switching energy does not rise at the same pace, power dissipation increases, and heat removal becomes more hard and costly. The power consumption of electronic appliances can be decreased by using various logic types. For such low-power electronic applications, adiabatic logic mode is very appealing. Using adiabatic logic, distinct power-efficient gates are intended in this document and contrasted for energy dissipation, propagation delay and no of the transistors used. In addition, the circuit developer can use these gates in the combinational and sequential circuits to develop low-power systems. The simulations of these gates are carried out in 90 nm technology using cadence virtuoso instrument.

Explaining tourist behavioral loyalty toward mobile apps

论游客对移动APP使用忠诚度研究摘要研究目的游客整体感受正在因为移动终端、全网覆盖网络、以及旅游APP应用的发展而改变着。本论文旨在找到对于移动APP持续使用和推荐行为的成因，本论文采用UTAUT2模型，考虑了用户本身的创新性特点，和移动手机其中一个核心特点（便捷携带性）。研究设计/方法/途径研究样本为285名西班牙游客，他们均持有一部智能手机，并且在旅游途中使用过某种旅游APP。研究结果研究结果表明UTAUT2模型在解释旅游APP忠诚度方面是有效的。此外，本论文还发现其模型变量是用户特性对移动终端特点作用的中介变量。研究理论意义为了保证用户对旅游APP的持续使用，这个APP需要具体几点核心特点：性价比高；娱乐性；及时性；有用信息；对用户有依赖性。研究原创性/价值本论文针对用户在旅游途中的APP使用进行了研究，这有别于之前大多数文献仅集中对旅游前期（比如服务预定）等方面的研究。关键词移动APP、忠诚度、旅游业、UTAUT2、游客行为

Mobile Technologies That Help Post-Secondary Students Succeed: A Pilot Study of Canadian and Israeli Professionals and Students With Disabilities

In this preliminary investigation we examine the uses of mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets and laptops for (a) non-academic and (b) academic purposes in the post-secondary classroom, as well as for (c) academic tasks outside the class by post-secondary students with disabilities. Integration of smartphones and other mobile devices into the learning process is innovative, challenging and highly relevant for post-secondary education. Also, research shows that post-secondary students like courses where use of their personal mobile devices in class is allowed. To explore how students with disabilities use their mobile devices we held four focus groups, with six to eight participants each: two in Canada (one for students with disabilities, one for professionals who assist students with disabilities) and two in Israel. The findings show that students with disabilities use their mobile devices for all the same reasons as nondisabled students. In addition, students with disabilities use general purpose mobile device features and apps as assistive aids. Implications of the blurring of the distinction between assistive and general use mobile device features and apps for the academic inclusion of post-secondary students with disabilities is discussed. It appears that for many students with disabilities, access to their personal mobile devices for academic purposes, both in and out of the classroom, is essential to ensure their full inclusion.

It's in the Cloud

This paper examines the impact of mobile device characteristics on perceptions of cloud storage. Following the framework and guidelines for context-specific theorizing in information systems research, we develop and test a model that examines the following research questions: How does the individual's experience with mobile devices impact perceptions of mobile cloud storage? How do mobile context-specific factors influence the individual's adoption of cloud storage? The model incorporates context-specific factors such as ease of file storage, ease of file transfer, multiple device use, and mobile device use. Our study contributes to the literature on theorizing context-specific factors by highlighting the importance of mobile device characteristics and usage contexts in individual technology adoption research. We also identify both performance increases and security challenges in providing access to cloud storage through mobile devices to individuals.

Extending UTAUT2 toward acceptance of mobile learning in the context of higher education

The use of smartphones as a learning tool in education is on the rise, causing a rapidly developing use of mobile learning (m-learning) in both developed and developing countries. The key features of smartphones, i.e., mobility, ubiquity, lightweight, low-cost and connectivity from anywhere and anytime, enhance their usage in a variety of ways. M-learning is an innovative idea that provides enormous opportunities by connecting humans and technology, such as better learning experiences and technology acceptance. The use of m-learning is growing at a higher pace worldwide, yet sufficient understanding of the factors that influence its acceptance in society is still lacking, particularly in developing countries. A number of models related to m-learning acceptance do exist, for instance, the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2); however, the use of UTAUT2 to study m-learning acceptance is scant in the context of higher education institutes and it does not cover specific features of mobile devices. Therefore, this study not only uses UTAUT2 as a base theoretical framework but also extends it using five other constructs: ubiquity, information quality, system quality, appearance quality and satisfaction. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two engineering universities in Pakistan. The questionnaire was administered among 900 students, out of which 730 usable responses were selected for further analysis. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that the model fits data well; the model fit indices were within the recommended thresholds. The performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, habit, ubiquity and satisfaction have statistically significant impact on the behavioral intention and the information quality, system quality and appearance quality also have statistically significant impact on the mediator satisfaction toward m-learning acceptance. This study contributes to the body of literature related to technology acceptance models for m-learning by making a tailored extension in UTAUT2 that provides valuable insights into assess m-learning acceptance in the context of higher education institutes of developing countries, specifically in Pakistan.

Security Analysis of Mobile Device-to-Device Network Applications

Mobile device-to-device (D2D) network has now become a standardized feature in many mobile devices, by which mobile devices can communicate with each other even when commercial Internet access is not available. Because D2D network is expected to be an intrinsic part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile device is the smartest and the most advanced commercial device in everyday usage, the D2D feature and related security protocols it adopts influences the design and implementation of many other IoT devices. While D2D network provides tangible benefits to users, it also raises the security risks of information leaking. This paper presents an in-depth empirical security analysis on mobile D2D network among Android devices. Android apps could establish a mobile D2D network in various ways, including Wi-Fi hotspot, Wi-Fi Direct, and Bluetooth. Those mobile D2D protocols normally take different protection mechanisms, which makes security investigation considerably challenging. In this paper, we focus on most popular apps in the Google Play Store, with aggregated downloads more than 500 million. Our analysis reveals some critical vulnerabilities. The key findings are bi-fold. First, the current mobile D2D network framework enabled by Android has significant flaw of overprivilege issue. Second, we have identified that most data transfer over mobile D2D network is unencrypted. Furthermore, we exploit the identified Android framework flaws to construct three proof-of-concept attacks and we conclude this paper with security lessons and suggestions of possible solutions against the identified security issues.

A New Deep Learning-Based Handwritten Character Recognition System on Mobile Computing Devices

Deep learning (DL) is a hot topic in current pattern recognition and machine learning. DL has unprecedented potential to solve many complex machine learning problems and is clearly attractive in the framework of mobile devices. The availability of powerful pattern recognition tools creates tremendous opportunities for next-generation smart applications. A convolutional neural network (CNN) enables data-driven learning and extraction of highly representative, hierarchical image features from appropriate training data. However, for some data sets, the CNN classification method needs adjustments in its structure and parameters. Mobile computing has certain requirements for running time and network weight of the neural network. In this paper, we first design an image processing module for a mobile device based on the characteristics of a CNN. Then, we describe how to use the mobile to collect data, process the data, and construct the data set. Finally, considering the computing environment and data characteristics of mobile devices, we propose a lightweight network structure for optical character recognition (OCR) on specific data sets. The proposed method using a CNN has been validated by comparison with the results of existing methods, used for optical character recognition.

Location-Based Test Case Prioritization for Software Embedded in Mobile Devices Using the Law of Gravitation

Considering that some intelligent software in mobile devices is related to location of sensors and devices, regression testing for it faces a major challenge. Test case prioritization (TCP), as a kind of regression test optimization technique, is beneficial to improve test efficiency. However, traditional TCP techniques may have limitations on testing intelligent software embedded in mobile devices because they do not take into account characteristics of mobile devices. This paper uses a smart mall as a scenario to design a novel location-based TCP technique for software embedded in mobile devices using the law of gravitation. First, test gravitation is proposed by applying the idea of universal gravitation. Second, a specific calculation model of test gravitation is designed for a smart mall scenario. Third, how to create a faulted test case set is designed by the pseudocode. Fourth, a location-based TCP using the law of gravitation algorithm is proposed, which utilizes test case information, fault information, and location information to prioritize test cases. Finally, an empirical evaluation is presented by using one industrial project. The observation, underlying the experimental results, is that our proposed TCP approach performs better than traditional TCP techniques. In addition, besides location information, the level of devices is also an important factor which affects the prioritization efficiency.

A Comparison of Cloud Execution Mechanisms Fog, Edge, and Clone Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a technology that was developed a decade ago to provide uninterrupted, scalable services to users and organizations. Cloud computing has also become an attractive feature for mobile users due to the limited features of mobile devices. The combination of cloud technologies with mobile technologies resulted in a new area of computing called mobile cloud computing. This combined technology is used to augment the resources existing in Smart devices. In recent times, Fog computing, Edge computing, and Clone Cloud computing techniques have become the latest trends after mobile cloud computing, which have all been developed to address the limitations in cloud computing. This paper reviews these recent technologies in detail and provides a comparative study of them. It also addresses the differences in these technologies and how each of them is effective for organizations and developers.

Usage Status and Characteristics of Mobile Devices for the Geriatric Population

Objective：This study aims to investigate the current usage status and identify the needs of mobile devices in the geriatric population, thus grasping the accessibility and possibility of mobile devices which can be positively used to allow them to obtain health information and manage their mental health. Methods：All self-reported questionnaires, such as demographics, mobile phone usage, and several mental health-related scales, were completed by two elderly groups (14 males ; aged over 60, mean=73) who visited Seodaemun-gu center for dementia: 1) 54 feature phone and 2) 57 smartphone users. Results：The results revealed that they have had the need to receive health information and healthcare particularly on psychiatric disorders such as dementia, geriatric depression, and anxiety. The relation between wireless calling plan and the two groups was significant. The two groups showed a significant difference only in the Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS) score; The feature phone group had significantly higher SGDS score than the smartphone group did. Conclusion：As the elderly mobile phone users showed a high level of need for health information and healthcare via their own mobile phones, the data of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for the development of elderly-friendly mobile applications and programs.

3D Gesture Recognition Based on Handheld Smart Terminals

With the popularity of smart devices, it has become impossible for traditional human-computer interaction techniques to accommodate people's needs. This article proposes an iOS-based three dimensional (3D) gesture recognition system, gathering users' specific gestures from their handheld smart terminals to judge implications of these gestures, so to control other smart terminals with more natural human-computer interactions. In this article, gestures were recognized by reading data about corresponding 3D gesture data with motion sensors of smart terminals using optimized dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. As to this algorithm, curve paths were delimited via slope based on features of mobile devices and dynamic programming. Meanwhile, this algorithm reduced computational load for template matching and costs of gesture recognition by preliminarily storing upper and lower boundaries of delimited areas with linked lists or setting distortion thresholds. In this article, efficiency and precision of recognition schemes were tested and verified on cellphones. The results suggested that the improved algorithm was less time-consuming than classical algorithms, and required less time for computational load for template matching. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the gesture recognition based on dynamic template matching algorithms, with higher recognition efficiency and precision, could bring better experiences of human-computer interactions.