Medical technical devices for medical evacuation of wounded and injured in emergency situations

Abstract

Relevance. Medical evacuation of the wounded and injured in emergency situations of peacetime and wartime is an important component of medical support, which largely determines the effectiveness of medical care. The presence of a large number of victims forces us to use not only regular medical transport, but also any available vehicles for medical evacuation. Equipping vehicles with special modules and creating mobile medical technical devices that simultaneously solve the problem of monitoring physiological data, transport immobilization, transportation and treatment of the injured are certainly relevant. Intention. To analyze the use and justify the prospects for the development of medical technical devices for medical evacuation of victims in emergency situations of peacetime and wartime. Methodology. The subject of the study was the Russian and foreign experience in the medical evacuation of victims of emergency situation in peacetime and wartime. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the use of various systems and devices for the medical evacuation of the wounded and injured in emergency situations. The study of medical and technical characteristics, efficiency of use and development prospects of these devices was carried out using methods of historical analysis and comparison, logical analysis, expert estimates, system analysis and forecasting. Results and Discussion . It is shown that the technical improvement of medical evacuation can be carried out either by creating a special medical transport, or by developing devices that allow evacuating victims in any kind of transport while monitoring physiologically important functions and the possibility of carrying out basic resuscitation measures. Types of special medical transport created in the 70-80s of the 20th century for the evacuation of victims and the provision of qualified assistance on board (including in flight) were analyzed: the Mi-8MB “Bissectrisa” ambulance helicopter, resuscitation and operational aircraft An-26M “Spasatel”, operational-resuscitation aircraft laboratory IL-76MD “Scalpel”. The main medical and technical characteristics of mobile devices currently used for medical evacuation - medical modules for helicopter (MMB) and aircraft (MMS), medical air evacuation module STRATAIRMEDEVAC, multifunctional evacuation, transportation and immobilization unit METIU, medical evacuation device for seriously wounded UMETR, mobile rescue intensive care unit MIRF, and patient’s life support platform for transport LSTAT are presented. Promising developments - the diagnostic medical treatment and transportation complex for maintaining human vital activity “Angel” and a multifunctional robotic medical system are described. Conclusion. The use of special medical technical devices for medical evacuation makes it possible to increase the efficiency of medical care for the wounded and injured in emergency situations of peacetime and wartime.