Inheritance Characteristics Research Articles

Changes in fur color in different age groups of the sable (Martes zibellina, Carnivora, Mustelidae) in the middle Aldan River basin

Differences in fur color have been revealed between sables of different age groups identified by the number of annual layers in the canine teeth. In particular, the fur of young of the year is relatively light and contrasts with darker fur in animals of older age groups. The results of analyzing possible causes of this phenomenon provide evidence that species-specific features of inheritance and environmental conditions of the region have a multidirectional effect on the color of sable fur.

Finite size Lagrangian particle tracking approach to simulate dispersed bubbly flows

A new method has been developed for the numerical simulation of finite size dispersed bubbly flows. Finite size bubbles are bigger than the numerical grid cell size, meaning that Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) cannot be used, but they are yet too small to be accurately resolved by interface tracking (IT) methods. The need for such an approach arises mostly if large eddy simulation (LES) paradigm is used to resolve turbulence since it requires fine grids, and bubbles could easily cover several grid cells. The proposed method inherits features of IT and LPT, and features two-way coupling. The governing equations for the continuous phase are solved on Eulerian static grid. Bubbles are assumed to have a spherical shape, and a color function is used to monitor bubbles’ position and to update the physical properties in every grid cell same way as one does in IT. However, the color function is not updated by solving an advection equation, but is rather re-initialized at every time step by the new bubbles’ position calculated by solving Newton’s second law of motion for each bubble. A new method to calculate the undisturbed liquid velocity required to model the hydrodynamic forces is also proposed in this paper. Two methods are proposed to impose the two-way coupling (i.e. bubbles feedback on the fluid). The first approach considers the bubbles as spherical rigid particles, and bubbles’ velocities are imposed to the computational cells that lie inside the bubbles. In the second approach, a correction force is added inside each bubble to model the filtered scales due to usage of coarse grid resolution per bubble. The method is validated against terminal velocity of an air bubble rising in stagnant water to test the buoyancy and drag forces and its lateral motion in linear shear flow to check the lift force. The results are compared with simulations done with IT Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) method to verify the accuracy of the two-way coupling.

The evolution of human Y chromosome

The human Y chromosome is always intriguing for researchers, because of its role in gender determination and its unusual evolutionary history. The Y chromosome evolves from an autosome, and its evolution has been characterized by massive gene decay. The lack of recombination and protein-coding genes and high content of repetitive sequences have hindered the progress in our understanding of the Y chromosome biology. Recently, with the advances in comparative genomics and sequencing technology, the research on Y chromosome has become a hotspot, with an intensified debate about Y-chromosome final destination resulting from degeneration. This review focuses on the structure, inheritance characteristics, gene content, and the origin and evolution of Y chromosome. We also discuss the long-term destiny of Y chromosome.

Medicine inheritance in Qin and Han dynasties and it’s revelations concerned today’s education of Chinese medicine

Through the following aspects including“choose right man to teach”,“choose right doctor to take medicine”,“medical classics school and classical prescription school”,“first-Class doctor can manage a state”, this article summed up some characteristics of medicine inheritance in Qin and Han dynasties and discussed the inspiration to today’s traditional Chinese Medicine education. Key words: Heritage of Chinese medical skill; TCM education

Clinical, cytogenetic, environmental and inheritance findings in Mexican neonates with VACTERL association.

In this series the authors evaluate clinical, cytogenetic, environmental and inheritance characteristics of neonates with VACTERL association. Twenty-six patients were diagnosed with VACTERL association and had a normal somatometric profile. Fifty-eight percent cases were males. The frequency of each component was: vertebral defects (V), 77 %; anal atresia (A), 62 %; tracheo-esophageal fistula/esophageal atresia (TEF/EA), 58 %; renal anomalies (R), 58 %; limb abnormalities (L), 50 %, and cardiac malformations (C), 42 %. The most frequent combination was VAR (n = 3). Sixteen patients had non-VACTERL anomalies such as bilateral cryptorchidism (n = 4). Two probands (8 %) had first or second-degree relatives with two components. Five patients (19 %) had environmental factors that interacted with occurrence of VACTERL association. All patients had a normal karyotype. This study contributes to a better characterization of VACTERL phenotype in neonatal period. In spite of predominant sporadic occurrence, underlying genetic susceptibility and environmental influences point to a complex interplay between genes and environmental factors in VACTERL association.

Geomorphological inheritance for loess landform evolution in a severe soil erosion region of Loess Plateau of China based on digital elevation models

The influence of pre-quaternary underlying terrain on the formation of loess landforms, i.e., the geomorphological inheritance issue, is a focus in studies of loess landforms. On the basis of multi-source information, we used GIS spatial analysis methods to construct a simulated digital elevation model of a pre-quaternary paleotopographic surface in a severe soil erosion area of the Loess Plateau. To reveal the spatial relationship between underlying paleotopography and modern terrain, an XY scatter diagram, hypsometric curve, gradient and concavity of terrain profiles are used in the experiments. The experiments show that the altitude, gradient and concavity results have significant linear positive correlation between both terrains, which shows a relatively strong landform inheritance relationship, particularly in the intact and complete loess deposit areas. Despite the current surface appearing somewhat changed from the original shape of the underlying terrain under different erosion forces, we reveal that the modern terrain generally smoothes the topographic relief of underlying terrain in the loess deposition process. Our results deepen understanding of the characteristics of geomorphological inheritance in the formation and evolution of loess landforms.

Machining activity extraction and energy attributes inheritance method to support intelligent energy estimation of machining process

An energy-efficient intelligent manufacturing system could significantly save energy compared to traditional intelligent manufacturing systems that do not consider energy issues. Intelligent energy estimation of machining processes is the foundation of the energy-efficient intelligent manufacturing system. This paper proposes a method for machining activity extraction and energy attributes inheritance to support the intelligent energy estimation of machining processes. Fifteen machining activities and their energy attributes are defined according to their operating and energy consumption characteristics. Activities and energy attributes are extracted mainly from NC program supplemented with blank dimensional information. An effective extraction method of activities and energy attributes is the basis for the intelligent energy calculating of machining process. Based on an investigation on the extraction procedure of activities and energy attributes, energy attributes inheritance method is further discussed. Four types of energy attribute inheritance rules are summarized according to the different inheritance characteristics. Based on these four types of inheritance rules, the energy attributes can be transmitted from activity to Therblig as effective inputs of Therblig-based energy model of machining processes. The proposed methodology is finally demonstrated through two machining cases.

CURRENT STATUS OF DURIAN BREEDING PROGRAM IN THAILAND

Selection and evaluation of 1st and 2nd generation F1 hybrids and study on inheritance characteristics were selected and released with the desirable characters: early, moderate and late maturity, good eating quality, fine flesh texture, good fruit setting and phytophthora tolerant characters for durian production in Thailand during 2006 to 2010. Promising early maturity lines are hybrid No. 12-21-1 and 10-432-6, moderate maturity lines are hybrid No. 11-341-1 and 11-241-9 and late maturity lines is 5-441-13. Promising F1 hybrids of durian for processing is hybrid no. 5-451-5. Promising F1 hybrids with most tolerance to Phytophthora palmivora is IIICN5-4-3-6. Selection and evaluation of F2 durians showed that the hybrids No. 5-441-13-16-2 and 5-441-13-14-4 had growth, flowering and yield better than others. Regional yield trial for promising F1 hybrids of durian for production and export showed that hybrid no 6-413-7 grew better than others. Fertilizer response of selected F1 hybrids of durian showed that ‘Monthong’ was the most to respond to the fertilizer followed by ‘Chanthaburi 1, 2 and 3’ and nutrient content of soils showed that nitrogen most affected growth of durian. Effect of Phytophthora disease on selected F1 hybrids of durian showed that hybrid No. IIICN5-4-3-6 was the most tolerant on the stem and leaves. Commercial comparison for yield and marketable acceptance of new F1 hybrids of durian showed that ‘Chanthaburi 1’ grew better than others. Substitute of original cultivar with new F1 hybrids of durian showed that side grafting technique was successfully between 20-70%. Up to the present, based on evaluation from durian data during 2006 to 2010, it is expected that at least three promising lines of F1 hybrid cultivars will be released as new recommended durian cultivars in 2012 and will be officially named as ‘Chanthaburi 4’, ‘Chanthaburi 5’ and ‘Chanthaburi 6’.

On the replacement of objects from round-based applications over heterogeneous environments

In recent years, there has been growing support for more tightly coupled applications regarding heterogeneous resources. A specific way of obtaining better performance in such applications is to consider the replacement of execution entities by newer resources during the application's lifetime. Therefore, this article describes the rationale for developing jMigBSP, which is a Java programming library that offers object rescheduling for round-based applications. In this context, the proposal addresses Bulk Synchronous Parallel BSP applications because BSP represents one of the most often used models for writing tightly coupled parallel programs. jMigBSP's main contribution examines the rescheduling facility in two different ways: i using migration directives in the application code directly; and ii through automatic load balancing at the middleware level. Specifically, this second idea is feasible because of Java's inheritance feature, which transforms a simple jMigBSP application into a migratable one by changing only a single line of code. In addition to the description of jMigBSP, this article emphasizes the benefits of using migration over heterogeneous environments by executing scientific applications. The results indicate gains of up to 56% with object rescheduling and support the feasibility of using migration as a load balancing technique. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Exploring fingerprints using composite minutiae descriptors to determine hereditary relation across multiple generations

This work proposes a new approach to identify the hereditary relation among intra-and inter-class family members using fingerprint minutiae descriptors. The fingerprint images are acquired across three generations, from 324 subjects of 54 families. The thinned ridge patterns are investigated using a number of minutiae points and location, minutiae density and inter-ridge width. The findings are impressive, wherein 85.19% families have similar and 14.81% families have dissimilar ridge patterns. Also, the minutiae points are located proximately for intra-class, which are further validated by clustering. In addition, minutiae density and inter-ridge width for intra-class get well associated compared to inter-class. The study shows that for intra-class members of three generations, the fingerprints are evidently associated. This strongly suggests that certain hereditary information get transmuted as inheritance characteristics and registered in fingerprints. The results obtained explore the possibility of using the fingerprints in various clinical and genetically related studies.

Deterministic Versus Stochastic Variability in the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Cell-to cell variability in cell cycle duration was observed long ago however its sources are still unknown. A surprising feature of cell cycle duration inheritance is that it seems to be lost within one generation but to reappear in the next generation, generating poor correlation between mother and daughter cells but high correlation between cousin cells. This observation suggests the existence of an underlying deterministic process. We developed an experimental system that precisely measures the cell cycle duration of thousands of mammalian cells along several generations and a mathematical framework that allows discrimination between stochastic and deterministic processes. In contrast to previous understanding, we show that the inheritance of the cell-cycle duration follows a deterministic process. We build a deterministic chaos toy model for cell-cycle inheritance that reproduces the main features of our data. Our approach constitutes a general way to distinguish between stochastic and deterministic processes in lineages of cells or organisms, and may help predict and, eventually, control cell-to-cell heterogeneity in various systems, such as cancer cells under treatment.

Unity of the German component of Yiddish: myth or reality?

The article deals with the question of the unity of the German component of Yiddish. Before the 16th century, the languages used in works compiled by various Jewish authors from western German-speaking provinces show close similarities to dialects spoken by local Christians and do not represent texts written in a single specifically Jewish language. Texts dating from the 16th to 17th centuries demonstrate the existence of two separate Jewish idioms: western and eastern. The former covers western Germany and northern Italy and is mainly based on East Franconian and Swabian. The latter characterizes works written in Bohemia and Poland. It is closely related to Bohemian colonial dialect of German. It is inappropriate to consider all varieties of modern Yiddish to be dialects of one single language. Indeed, the analysis shows that in many aspects, Southwestern Yiddish inherits features of East Franconian, while Eastern Yiddish is primary based on Bohemian. Its consonantal system was later adapted to the Silesian dialect spoken by German Christian urban population in Polish towns. These two Yiddish idioms inherit numerous features from the two languages, western and eastern, respectively, that existed during the 16th to 17th centuries. As a result, as a whole, Yiddish is not descending from any hypothetical Proto-Yiddish.

Modeling the evolution of loess-covered landforms in the Loess Plateau of China using a DEM of underground bedrock surface

The evolution of loess-covered landforms is largely controlled by the pre-Quaternary underlying bedrock terrain, which is one of the most important factors in understanding the formation mechanism of the landforms. This study used multiple data sources to detect 1729 outcropping points of underlying terrain, in order to construct a digital elevation model (DEM) of the paleotopography of an area of the Loess Plateau subject to severe soil erosion. Four terrain characteristics, including terrain texture, slope gradient, the hypsometric curve, and slope aspect, were used to quantify topographic differences and reveal the loess-deposition process during the Quaternary. A loess thickness map was then created to show the spatial distribution of loess deposits in the test area. Finally, the geomorphological inheritance characteristics of the loess-covered landforms were evaluated in different landform divisions. The results showed the significant inheritance of modern topography from the underlying topography with a similar general relief trends. The average thickness of loess deposits was computed to be 104.6m, with the thickest part located in the Xifeng loess tableland area. In addition, the slope aspects of the North and Northwest seem to have favored Quaternary loess deposition, which supported the hypothesis of an eolian origin for loess in China. The modern surface has lower topographic relief compared to the underlying terrain due to loess deposition.

Principles of nucleation of H3K27 methylation during embryonic development

During embryonic development, maintenance of cell identity and lineage commitment requires the Polycomb-group PRC2 complex, which catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). However, the developmental origins of this regulation are unknown. Here we show that H3K27me3 enrichment increases from blastula stages onward in embryos of the Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) within constrained domains strictly defined by sequence. Strikingly, although PRC2 also binds widely to active enhancers, H3K27me3 is only deposited at a small subset of these sites. Using a Support Vector Machine algorithm, these sequences can be predicted accurately on the basis of DNA sequence alone, with a sequence signature conserved between humans, frogs, and fish. These regions correspond to the subset of blastula-stage DNA methylation-free domains that are depleted for activating promoter motifs, and enriched for motifs of developmental factors. These results imply a genetic-default model in which a preexisting absence of DNA methylation is the major determinant of H3K27 methylation when not opposed by transcriptional activation. The sequence and motif signatures reveal the hierarchical and genetically inheritable features of epigenetic cross-talk that impose constraints on Polycomb regulation and guide H3K27 methylation during the exit of pluripotency.

Phenotype, inheritance characteristics, and risk factors for idiopathic epilepsy in Finnish Spitz dogs

To determine the phenotype, inheritance characteristics, and risk factors for idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in Finnish Spitz dogs (FSDs). Prospective epidemiological study. 2,141 FSDs. From 2003 to 2004, questionnaires (n = 5,960) were sent to all owners of 1-to 10-year-old FSDs in Finland. Phone interviews were performed 1 to 2 years later. Estimated prevalence of IE was 5.36% (111/2,069 of FSDs that were still alive). Males were predisposed to IE. The median age of onset was 3 years (range, 0.6 to 10 years). The median seizure frequency was 2 seizures/y (range, 0.5 to 48 seizures/y), and the median duration of the seizure episode was 11.75 minutes (range, 1.5 to 90 minutes). The majority (85%) of the seizures had a focal onset, and 54% were characterized as generalized secondary. A generalized seizure phase was determined to be a risk factor for development of progressive disease. Factors associated with the occurrence of a generalized phase were the age of onset, duration of the seizure, number of feeding times per day, and whether the dog was used for hunting. The seizures were not progressing in 678% of the dogs and were easily controlled by antiepileptic treatment in 78.9% of the dogs. The heritability estimate of IE in FSDs was 0.22; IE was best explained as a polygenic trait. In the present study conducted in Finland, complex focal seizures were the most common seizure type for FSDs with IE, and a generalized seizure phase was a risk factor for progression of the disease. Results suggested a benign course of epilepsy in FSDs.

Features of family inheritance in patients of non-functional pituitary adenomas in Uzbekistan

Features of family inheritance in patients of non-functional pituitary adenomas in Uzbekistan

Clinical and molecular research of neuroacanthocytosis.

Neuroacanthocytosis is an autosomal recessive or dominant inherited disease characterized by widespread, non-specific nervous system symptoms, or spiculated “acanthocytic” red blood cells. The clinical manifestations typically involve chorea and dystonia, or a range of other movement disorders. Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms may also be present. The two core neuroacanthocytosis syndromes, in which acanthocytosis is atypical, are autosomal recessive chorea-acanthocytosis and X-linked McLeod syndrome. Acanthocytes are found in a smaller proportion of patients with Huntington's disease-like 2 and pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. Because the clinical manifestations are diverse and complicated, in this review we present features of inheritance, age of onset, neuroimaging and laboratory findings, as well as the spectrum of central and peripheral neurological abnormalities and extraneuronal involvement to help distinguish the four specific syndromes.

PTEN mosaicism with features of Cowden syndrome

We present the first known case of somatic PTEN mosaicism causing features of Cowden syndrome (CS) and inheritance in the subsequent generation. A 20-year-old woman presented for genetics evaluation with multiple ganglioneuromas of the colon. On examination, she was found to have a thyroid goiter, macrocephaly, and tongue papules, all suggestive of CS. However, her reported family history was not suspicious for CS. A deleterious PTEN mutation was identified in blood lymphocytes, 966A>G, 967delA. Genetic testing was recommended for her parents. Her 48-year-old father was referred for evaluation and was found to have macrocephaly and a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but no other features of CS. Site-specific genetic testing carried out on blood lymphocytes showed mosaicism for the same PTEN mutation identified in his daughter. Identifying PTEN mosaicism in the proband's father had significant implications for the risk assessment/genetic testing plan for the rest of his family. His result also provides impetus for somatic mosaicism in a parent to be considered when a de novo PTEN mutation is suspected.

Изучение особенностей семейного наследования неактивных аденом гипофиза в Республике Узбекистан

В статье авторы выполнили анализ больных с неактивными аденомами гипофиза (НАГ) (71), разделенных на 2 группы: без отягощенного семейного анамнеза и с отягощенным семейным анамнезом заболевания. На основании ряда исследований особенностей наследования НАГ авторы пришли к выводу, что имеется 2 типа наследования заболевания: с панмиксией (73,2 %) и инбридингом (26,8 %).

Genetic Recombination in Wheat Using SSR Markers

为了解小麦品种形成中亲本基因组的遗传重组和遗传保留区段的分布特点，对周麦18和百农AK58及其衍生品系共23个材料进行了全基因组SSR扫描分析。遗传重组分析表明，单交组合的平均重组数（12.3）低于回交组合（13.9）；染色体4A、5A、7A、1B、3B、4B、7B、1D、2D、3D、5D、6D和7D重组发生较多，其余染色体重组相对较少，染色体的中间区段与远端区段重组数相当，分别为6.1和6.0。子代间基因组比较发现，一些染色体区段成为重组的多发区，如5D的gwm358–wmc357、6D的cfd49–barc196、7A的wmc158–barc23和7B的gwm274–gwm146区段，分别有35、19、15和14次重组。分析亲本传递给子代的染色体区段，发现子代继承亲本的遗传区段在14~29个，每个区段涉及2~8个多态性位点，大的遗传区段主要分布于4A、5A、5B、5D和7D染色体。以上基因组区域的关联性状是进一步研究的重点。