Feasible Design Target Space Research Articles

Pareto Optimal Characterization of a Microwave Transistor

Herein, noise, gain and port mismatchings of a microwave small-signal transistor are expressed as all the set of acceptable Pareto optimal solutions and trade-off relations within the device operation ( $\text{V}_{\mathrm {DS}}$ , $\text{I}_{\mathrm {DS}}$ , $f$ ) domain without any need of expert knowledge of microwave device. In this multi-objective optimization problem, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) -III is applied to an ultra-low noise amplifier (LNA) transistor NE3511S02 (HJ-FET) where the noise $\text{F}_{\mathrm {req}}\ge \text {F}_{\mathrm {min}}$ and output mismatching $\text{V}_{\mathrm {outreq}} \ge 1$ are preferred as the reference points, while the input mismatching $\text{V}_{\mathrm {inopt}} \ge 1 $ and gain $\text{G}_{\mathrm {Tmax}}$ are optimized with respect to source $\text{Z}_{\mathrm {S}}$ and load $\text{Z}_{\mathrm {L}}$ within the unconditionally stable working area. Thus, diverse set of the Pareto optimal (the required noise $\text{F}_{\mathrm {req}}$ , the optimum input $\text{V}_{\mathrm {inopt}}$ , the required output $\text{V}_{\mathrm {outreq}}$ , the maximum transducer gain $\text{G}_{\mathrm {Tmax}}$ ) quadruples are resulted from a fast search of the solution space. Furthermore, the optimum bias condition ( $\text{V}_{\mathrm {DS}}$ , $\text{I}_{\mathrm {DS}}$ ) and sensitivities of the terminations to fabrication tolerances are also determined using the cost analysis in the operation domain for the required $\text{P}_{\mathrm {max}}$ , $\text{I}_{\mathrm {DSmax}}$ and performance quadruple. Finally, this work is expected to enable a designer to provide the feasible design target space (FDTS) consisting of all trade-off relations among all the transistor’s performance ingredients to be used in the challenging LNA designs.

A simple and efficient honey bee mating optimization approach to performance characterization of a microwave transistor for the maximum power delivery and required noise

SummaryIn this work, a simple, efficient and multi objective Honey Bee Mating Optimization (HBMO) is presented for the performance characterization of a microwave transistor to deliver maximum power to the load with the required noise Freq. Thus all the possible compatible {Freq ≥ Fmin, Vout = 1, GTmax} triplets and the corresponding source ZS and load ZL = Z*out (ZS) terminations can be obtained in the device operation domain of (VDS, IDS and f) without working analytically for the nonlinear performance and stability equations. HBMO is a recently emerging meta‐heuristic algorithm that combines the powers of the simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. Here, a microwave transistor is chosen as a case study, effectiveness and efficiency of the HBMO are shown by comparing its performance to those of the standard meta‐heuristics Genetic and Particle Swarm algorithms and the mean cost results for 10 runs are found to be 0.22, 1.65 and 1.85, respectively, for the comparable execution times. Furthermore, all the numerical results are found to agree with their analytical counterparts obtained using the microwave, linear circuit and noise theories. The Feasible Design Target Space FDTS can be built by the cross relations among all the possible compatible {Freq ≥ Fmin, Vout = 1, GTmax} triplets together their terminations {ZS, ZL = Z*out (ZS)} covering all the possible amplifier designs where both noise figure and output power are at a premium. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A low-noise amplifier design using the performance limitations of a microwave transistor for the ultra-wideband applications

In this work, a design method of an ultra-wideband, low-noise amplifier (LNA) is put forward exploiting the performance limitations of a single high-quality discrete transistor. For this purpose, the compatible (noise F, input VSWR Vi, gain GT) triplets and their (ZS, ZL) terminations of the microwave transistor are used for the feasible design target space with the minimum noise Fmin(f), maximum gain GTmax(f), and a low constant input VSWR Vireq using the optimum noise impedance Zopt(f), and the maximum gain termination ZLmax(f) over the available bandwidth B. In the next stage, this multiobjective design process is reduced to the Darlington synthesis of the corresponding Zopt(f), ZLmax(f) terminations using the unit elements and short-circuited stubs in the T-, L-, Π-configurations. This synthesis is transformed to an optimization process with the determined feasible target space and optimization variables. Here, particle swarm intelligence is successfully implemented as a comparatively simple and efficient optimization tool in both verification of the design target space and the design process of the input and output matching circuits. Typical design examples are given with their challenging performances in the simple matching configurations realizable by the microstrip line technology. Furthermore, the performances of the synthesized amplifiers are compared using an analysis programme in MATLAB code and a microwave system simulator and verified to agree with each other and the design target space. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.

Memetic optimization algorithm applied to design microwave amplifier for the specific gain value constrained by the minimum noise over the available bandwidth

In this work, the neural performance and fuzzy logic data sheets of the transistor are used to determine the feasible design target space in the optimization of a microwave amplifier. The compatible (Noise F, Input VSWR Vi, Gain GT) triplets and their (ZS, ZL) terminations of a microwave transistor are exploited for an amplifier design with the minimum noise Fmin(f), required gain GTreq(f), and a low input VSWR Vi over the available bandwidth. The multi-objective design procedure is obtained from ZS(f), ZL(f) terminations with the unit-elements and short-circuited stubs in the L+L configurations and memetic optimization algorithm is successfully implemented as an optimization tool. A typical design example is given with its challenging performance in the simple L+L configurations realizable by the microstrip line technology. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.

Particle swarm intelligence applied to determination of the feasible design target for a low‐noise amplifier

AbstractIn this work, feasible design target space is presented as an optimization problem for a basic low‐noise amplifier and solved by using particle swarm optimization (PSO). This feasible design space consists of {Noise Figure F, Input VSWR Vi, Gain GT} triplets and their source ZS and load ZL termination couples. Worked examples are preented for the two high technology transistor and results are compared with the ones obtained from the device performance characterization Gunes et al., IEEE Proc Circ Devices Syst 141 (1994) 337–344. Excellent agreement is observed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1214–1218, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24276

DESIGN OF AN ULTRA-WIDEBAND, LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER USING A SINGLE TRANSISTOR: A TYPICAL APPLICATION EXAMPLE

In this work, a design method of an Ultra-Wideband (UWB), low-noise amplifler (LNA) is proposed exerting the perfor- mance limitations of a single high-quality discrete transistor. For this purpose, the compatible (Noise F, Input VSWR Vi, Gain GT) triplets and their (ZS, ZL) terminations of a microwave transistor are exploited for the feasible design target space with the minimum noise Fmin(f), maximum gain GT max(f) and a low input VSWR Vi over the available bandwidth B. This multi-objective design procedure is reduced into syntheses of the Darlington equivalences of the ZSopt(f), ZLmax(f) terminations with the Unit-elements and short-circuited stubs in the T-, L-, ƒ-conflgurations and Particle Swarm Intelligence is successfully implemented as a comparatively simple and e-cient optimization tool into both veriflcation of the design target space and the design process of the input and output matching circuits. A typical design exam- ple is given with its challenging performance in the simple ƒ- and ƒ-conflgurations realizable by the microstrip line technology. Further- more the performances of the synthesized ampliflers are compared us- ing an analysis programme in MATLAB code and a microwave system simulator and verifled to agree with each other.

A GENERALIZED DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR A MICROWAVE AMPLIFIER: A TYPICAL APPLICATION EXAMPLE

In this work, a generalized procedure is carried out for the design of a microwave amplifier. First of all, the Performance Data Sheets (PDS) resulted from the active device characterization are used as Feasible Design Target Space (FDTS). Employing the PDS, the compatible (Noise F , Input VSWR Vi, Gain GT ) is determined over the predetermined bandwidth B between fmin and fmax operation frequencies with the source ZS and load ZL terminations as the design target. In the design stage, the Simplified Real Frequency Technique (SRFT) is utilized in the scattering-parameter formulation of the front- and back-end matching two-ports to provide the source and load terminations to the transistor, respectively. As an application example, a novel high technology transistor is chosen and the design targets are determined using the PDSs of the device and its front- and back-end matching two-ports are characterized by the scattering- parameters using the novel SRFT for each design target. Furthermore, the performances of the resulted amplifier circuits are analyzed and compared with the simulated results.