Fear Of Retribution Research Articles

The Role Of Psychological Safety In Enhancing Radical Candor And Effective Team Dynamics

This study examines the critical role of psychological safety in fostering radical candor and effective team dynamics within organizations. Psychological safety, defined as a shared belief that individuals can voice ideas, concerns, or challenges without fear of retribution, has become essential for open, honest communication. Radical candor, a feedback approach that emphasizes both empathy and directness, heavily relies on an environment of psychological safety to function effectively. By analyzing various research studies, including Google’s Project Aristotle, Netflix’s feedback culture, and insights from Deloitte and MIT Sloan Management Review, this paper explores the synergy between these concepts and their impact on team performance, innovation, and engagement. Results indicate that psychological safety is fundamental to cultivating a culture of radical candor, leading to higher productivity and employee satisfaction. This paper concludes with recommendations for organizational practices to embed these critical dynamics within the workplace

The Facade of Justice: Transitionless Transitional Justice of Ethiopia

The Ethiopian government has committed to a transitional justice process to address gross human rights violations through investigation, prosecution, truth-finding and revelation, reconciliation, conditional amnesty, reparation, and institutional reforms. Despite these efforts and international support, this mechanism will unlikely resolve Ethiopia's political and security issues. The government's lack of intent to cease ongoing conflicts and its continued human rights violations hinder effective participation in implementing the transitional justice process. Furthermore, the involvement of non-state and foreign actors, which are beyond the state’s authority, in gross human rights violations undermines accountability. Victims and witnesses in conflict zones face significant barriers to participation due to the government's limited reach and fear of retribution. Gross human rights violations by the government and the Ethiopian National Defense Force raise doubts about the accountability of civil and military leaders through a government-controlled transitional justice mechanism. To address these challenges, the current government should relinquish power to a transitional government to mitigate undue influence on the justice process, cease hostilities, and hold officials accountable. If the government resists establishing a transitional government, a hybrid court with foreign judges and prosecutors should handle high-profile cases, while domestic courts, with strict measures to ensure impartiality and independence, should address other cases.

A STUDY ON PATIENT SAFETY IN HOSPITAL

Patient safety is a fundamental aspect of healthcare quality, aiming to prevent and reduce risks, errors, and harm to patients during the provision of healthcare. This dissertation investigates the multifaceted nature of patient safety, examining its determinants, impacts, and strategies for improvement. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis from patient safety incident reports and qualitative insights from healthcare professionals through interviews and focus groups. Key findings highlight the prevalence of medication errors, surgical complications, and healthcare-associated infections as primary concerns. Contributing factors include inadequate staffing, insufficient training, and poor communication among healthcare teams. The dissertation emphasizes the critical role of a robust safety culture, where open communication and continuous learning are prioritized. Recommendations for enhancing patient safety include the implementation of standardized protocols, advanced training programs, and the integration of health information technologies such as electronic health records (EHRs) and computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems. Additionally, fostering a non-punitive environment encourages reporting and addressing errors without fear of retribution. This study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the continuous evaluation of safety practices to adapt to the evolving healthcare landscape. By identifying key areas for intervention and providing actionable strategies, this dissertation contributes to the ongoing efforts to safeguard patient well-being and improve healthcare outcomes. This abstract encapsulates the main elements typically addressed in a comprehensive study on patient safety, focusing on the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to enhance safety in healthcare settings.

Influence of Authentic Leadership on Employee Innovation and Creativity in Technology Companies in Pakistan

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of authentic leadership on employee innovation and creativity in technology companies in Pakistan.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: The study explores the impact of authentic leadership on fostering innovation and creativity among employees within technology companies. Authentic leadership, characterized by transparency, ethical behavior, and genuine concern for employees, is found to significantly influence employee innovation and creativity. Leaders who exhibit authenticity create an environment of trust and psychological safety, encouraging employees to express new ideas and take risks without fear of retribution. Such leadership fosters a culture that values diverse perspectives and encourages experimentation, leading to increased innovation and creativity within the organization. Employees under authentic leaders feel empowered to think outside the box, collaborate effectively, and pursue novel solutions to complex problems. Consequently, technology companies benefit from enhanced adaptability, competitiveness, and long-term success as a result of nurturing authentic leadership practices within their organizational structure.
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Transformational leadership theory, social learning theory and self-determination theory may be use to anchor future studies on assessing the influence of authentic leadership on employee innovation and creativity in technology companies in Pakistan. Develop and implement leadership development programs that focus on cultivating authentic leadership qualities among managers and executives in technology companies. Advocate for the inclusion of authentic leadership principles in corporate governance guidelines and regulations.

Analyzing the Barriers of Incident Reporting in MRI Practice in Government Hospitals of Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Background: In health care industry, incident reporting systems are considered effective instruments to learn from adverse events and errors and improve the quality of health care of all the stake holders. The present study has analyzed the challenges and barriers facing the medical staff to report incidents and events in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) practices in government hospitals of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A well-structured MRI safety questionnaire was the primary data collection method, utilizing a quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional survey to highlight the challenges and barriers to incidents reporting in MRI practices. Data were subjected to statistical analysis, and the results have been presented with comprehensive discussions. Results: The data showed that the fear of retribution, fear of being questioned or interrogated, getting the supervisorons.ection method, reporting, and fear of damage to workers’ reputation are the most significant parries that can prevent MRI personnel from reporting, leading to safety issues. Conclusions: Our findings provide an overview of the hurdles to MRI event/incident reporting in the perceptions of governmental hospitals as well as a number of suggestions for how institutions might minimize these barriers to encourage MRI staff to report.

Linking employee voice to service recovery performance in the hotel sector: The mediating role of tacit knowledge sharing and employee innovation

PURPOSE: In reality, service failures are inevitable. However, poor service recovery can decrease customer trust and exacerbate customer dissatisfaction. Previous studies have focused on service failure types, reasons for failure, and successful recovery actions from the customers’ perspective. Accordingly, this study aims to present adifferent view by investigating the factors that could improve hotel recovery performance from the employees’ perspective. Therefore, amodel was developed to study the influence of employees’ voice, tacit knowledge sharing, and employee innovation on service recovery performance. METHODOLOGY: This quantitative study used an online survey to gather data from employees in the hotel industry in Jordan. Atotal of 214 valid responses were obtained. Participants were targeted randomly, mainly through Facebook groups for hotel employees. PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling) was employed in this research to analyze the data using Smart PLS 3 software. FINDINGS: The results indicated that employee voice is positively associated with tacit knowledge sharing. Furthermore, it was found that tacit knowledge sharing is positively related to employee innovation. The findings demonstrated that tacit knowledge plays apartial mediating role in the association between employee voice and employee innovation. Additionally, it was discovered that employee innovation has apositive association with service recovery performance. Finally, the results indicate that employee innovation partially mediates the relationship between tacit knowledge and service recovery performance. IMPLICATIONS: Hoteliers are suggested to create asupportive work climate where employees can express their thoughts, ideas, and concerns without fear of retribution. Furthermore, hotel managers are advised to establish clear expectations for employees regarding the significance of their opinions and insights, and recognize and reward innovative ideas that can hopefully enhance hotels’ performance. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This research provides new insights and contributes to the understanding of the role of employee voice, tacit knowledge sharing, and employee innovation in enhancing service recovery performance, particularly in acontext that has received little attention from researchers, which is the hotel sector, and in adeveloping country, Jordan. Compared to past studies, this study offers amodel that demonstrates how to leverage service recovery efforts in hotels by illustrating structured relationships between employee voice and service recovery performance through the mediation of tacit knowledge sharing and employee innovation.

Utilizing Simulation-Based Training to Increase Preeclampsia Recognition in Undiagnosed Patients.

Research suggests that simulation in nursing education is a learning strategy that promotes critical thinking and utilization of clinical judgment in a safe environment without fear of retribution if errors are made. Senior nursing students in a small liberal arts university participated in a complex simulation that involved a pregnant patient with preeclampsia. The students were charged with doing a complete assessment of the patient and unborn baby. Upon completion of the assessment, the students utilized their critical thinking skills to determine the best treatment for the patient and baby that rendered the best outcomes. The goal of the exercise was to provide the students with a realistic scenario that advanced quickly into an emergent situation. The majority of students will not work in labor and delivery, but they will experience situations in their respective units that require quick thinking and critical decision-making. This simulation was a strategy to help facilitate these students into their transition to practice.

Experiences of Minority Frontline Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Minority healthcare worker (MHW) experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic has received little attention in the published literature compared to their majority counterparts. This study describes healthcare systems, mental health, and advocacy challenges that MHWs experienced during the pandemic in the United States. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to gather data from a convenience sample (n = 74) of MHWs who identified as registered nurses, advanced nurse practitioners, physicians, pharmacists, nursing assistants, dentists, and respiratory therapists. Data were imported into SAS Version 9.4 (Cary, NC) for analysis. Responses to each survey question were tabulated, and percentages of participants responding in the affirmative to each health system, mental health, and advocacy question were displayed. Findings indicate the pandemic both exacerbated old and imposed new challenges. Health systems should offer both tangible and intangible or emotional resources that support resilience; build an inclusive work environment that would consider the experiences and knowledge of MHWs; implement and sustain workplace changes that support and promote self-advocacy without fear of retribution; and increase research on MHWs to inform effective and culturally relevant interventions for challenges experienced by MHWs.

INVESTIGATING POLITICAL SECURITY AS A SUBSET OF HUMAN SECURITY WITH A FOCUS ON URBANIZATION IN HUMAN RIGHTS

The Political Security Review of the human security subcategory, which focuses on human rights, provides a comprehensive overview of how protecting and promoting human rights is critical to maintaining political stability and ensuring security in societies. This subcategory recognizes that violations and abuses of human rights can lead to profound instability, social unrest, and conflict. By focusing on this aspect of human security, policymakers and scholars emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to protect individuals' fundamental freedoms, ensure their participation in decisionmaking, hold those responsible for human rights violations accountable, and address systemic inequalities. In this way, they seek to create an environment where all people can exercise their rights without fear of retribution or discrimination. A thriving democracy and sustainable peace require not only robust political institutions, but also a commitment to upholding human rights as the basis for achieving lasting security.

Addressing Health-Care Disparities in Pediatric Disaster Planning: A Qualitative Study.

The Western Regional Alliance for Pediatric Emergency Medicine (WRAP-EM) is a multi-state, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) funded pediatric disaster center of excellence. WRAP-EM set out to determine the impact of health disparities on its 11 core areas. We conducted 11 focus groups during April 2021. Discussions were led by an experienced facilitator, and participants could also include their thoughts on a Padlet throughout the discussion. Data were analyzed to determine overarching themes. Responses focused on health literacy, health disparities, resource opportunities, addressing obstacles, and resilience building. Health literacy data highlighted the need for development of readiness and preparedness plans, community engagement in cultural and language appropriate means, and increasing diversity in training. Obstacles faced included funding; inequitable distribution of research, resources, and supplies; lack of prioritization of pediatric needs; and fear of retribution from the system. Multiple already existing resources and programs were referenced highlighting the importance of best practice sharing and networking. A stronger commitment to mental health-care delivery, empowerment of individuals and communities, use of telemedicine, and ongoing cultural and diverse education were recurring themes. Results of the focus groups can be used to prioritize efforts to address and improve health disparities in pediatric disaster preparedness.

The Michigan Action Progress System (MAPS): Enhancing a Culture of Professionalism, Accountability, and Psychological Safety

To prioritize trainee well-being, promote professionalism, and allow individuals to raise concerns without fear of retribution, one surgical department created an innovative process by which individuals can raise concerns and obtain subsequent support. The University of Michigan Department of Surgery implemented the Michigan Action Progress System (MAPS) in February 2021. General Surgery residents, faculty, and staff voluntarily participate in MAPS. Since implementation, there have been 26 entries into MAPS. Petitioners included students (10, 38%), residents and fellows (7, 27%), staff (1, 4%), faculty (1, 4%), and anonymous petitioners (7, 27%). Concerns regarding racism (1, 4%), bullying (11, 52%), gender discrimination (1, 4%), and other incidents (8, 38%) were addressed though MAPS. We have successfully implemented an innovative system that focuses on the needs of the user, consolidates handling of concerns, and emphasizes transparency, documentation, education, and improvement to promote a culture of professionalism and accountability.

Is the blue wall of silence a fallacy in cases of police sexual misconduct?

Police sexual misconduct encompasses a range of behaviours: from sexually inappropriate language directed towards colleagues or members of the public to engaging in sexual relationships with vulnerable members of the public. All types of police misconduct are thought to be under-reported, in part because of the ‘blue wall of silence’ where police officers fail to report colleagues’ wrongdoing for reasons of loyalty and a fear of retribution. A sample of 382 English police officers were invited to assess eight fictional police sexual misconduct scenarios to ascertain whether the scenario was a breach of the Code of Ethics, the expected level of discipline and if they would report the officer. Reporting likelihood was increased when officers perceived the scenario to be a breach of the Code of Ethics and worthy of a higher level of discipline. Female officers were more likely to report sexual misconduct than male officers, and scenarios involving direct colleagues were less likely to be reported. Non-reporting was greatest for sexual harassment between colleagues and the seriousness of this behaviour was minimised as justification for non-reporting. Use of confidential reporting was minimal with direct reporting to a line manager to be the preferred option.

Failure to fail: Fear of retribution or a response to neglecting the learner?

Rudland and Rennie comment on Swails et al.'s observation that staff are failing fewer learners, offering reflection on the impact neglecting a learner may have on educator decisions if the failure to fail phenomenon is considered.

Fundamental issues and pandemic pushes pharmacists past their limits

Fundamental issues and pandemic pushes pharmacists past their limits

The Culture of Bullying in Medical Training Must Stop

Among the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics professions, medical training continues to carry remnants of the medieval concept of apprenticeship. A lingering hangover of apprenticeship in medicine is the culture of teaching through shame, embarrassment, and humiliation that has persisted over the years. Estimates of the prevalence of bullying in medicine vary from as little as 13% to as high as 81%, with considerable reason to suspect under-reporting. The consequences of bullying approximate that of abuse in early childhood and are often long-lasting. Burnout, a decline in performance as a resident doctor, and depression are commonly reported consequences of bullying and abuse on medical students. Only a minority of medical students ever report abuse due to trust deficit and fear of retribution. Most medical program directors appear to be unaware of the scope and extent of abuse occurring under their watch. Most victims of bullying appear to become bullies themselves, perpetuating the bully-victim cycle of abuse. Traditional power hierarchies play a role in bullying in the medical profession, as in other professions. The cost of bullying and abuse to the health and welfare of medical students is considerable. There is a strong case to be made for compassion in medicine and for bringing back humanity into the medical humanities. Medical training must not a barrier to medical learning. The safety of survivors of abuse must also be addressed while reporting to protect them from repercussions. We must work to make training spaces safe for medical students.

Reforming the health care system to address structural racism

Reforming the health care system to address structural racism

COMPARATIVE LITERARY AND CULTURAL OVERVIEW OF FOLKLORE STUDIES IN BANGLADESH AND INDIA

This study looks into the state of folklore education in both Bangladesh and India at the present time. The research also hopes to analyse the literary and cultural trends in folklore in the two countries that are neighbouring each other in South Asia. This study demonstrates how folkloric education in this region started to develop and attract attention from cultural analysts, academics, scholars, and folklore students worldwide through evidence gleaned from scholarly evaluations, personal correspondence, and journals. It makes a case for making this type of education widely available to create a society where people can culturally express themselves without fear of retribution and in a way that they feel comfortable doing so. Socialization is severely hampered in today's ultramodern, competitive, and fast-paced world. Consequently, it is indispensable to represent the structure of technologically-driven humans in addition to artistic spirits. As a result of the need for more relevant materials and information, conducting research in this field can be problematic at times. It is essential to better people's lives and to understand the potential, advantages, and disadvantages of folklore education in this region. This paper may pave the way for future efforts to promote this education for the local community's benefit.

Partnership with a Theater Company to Amplify Voices of Underrepresented-in-Medicine Students

Partnership with a Theater Company to Amplify Voices of Underrepresented-in-Medicine Students

Why do nurses choose to stay silent?: A qualitative study.

This study aimed to explore nurses' views and experiences regarding remaining silent. Silence is a barrier for organizational improvement and can occur for many reasons; it cannot be simply defined as the opposite of speaking out. An exploratory qualitative design was used for this study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews in 2016 with 24 nurses who were recruited by using a snowball sampling method. Three themes emerged as a result of the thematic analysis: fear, silence climate and disengagement. The first theme contained three subthemes: avoidance of being seen as a troublemaker, financial loss and reluctance to reveal lack of ability or knowledge. The results indicated that nurses remained silent when they felt unsupported or psychologically unsafe in their work environment. Encouraging nurses to express their opinions is essential for creating a psychologically safe nursing work environment and an organizational climate that supports open communication. Because the majority of healthcare professionals are nurses, they can act as role models and change agents for other nurses if they are encouraged to share their ideas and opinions without fear of retribution.

The Psychological Mediators Between Abusive Supervision and Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior

To understand why employees commit unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB), research often focuses on social exchange and organizational identification. This research examines why employees who work under abusive supervisors still conduct UPB, even though there are few reasons to reciprocate by acting in ways that benefit the organization when their supervisors treat them poorly. Through two studies, we examine the positive relationship between abusive supervision and UPB, and explore three potential mediators: organizational identification, moral decoupling, and fear of retribution. In Study 1, we found support that abusive supervision is positively related to UPB, but organizational identification did not mediate the relationship. However, when we included all measures in Study 2, we found support for two mediators: organizational identification and moral decoupling mediations. We discuss theoretical implications and methodological challenges of studying low frequency abusive behaviors.