Fear Of Pain Research Articles

Therapeutic Procedures and Care of a Child Nursing Considerations

As pediatric nurses, our mission is atraumatic care i.e. to shield children from needless trauma and pain caused by medical procedures. Child's preparation prior to the procedure includes need based assessment of the procedure and readiness for procedure, building trust and establishing rapport as well as clustering multiple procedures to minimize trauma. Prior to procedure informed consent is necessary whenever required. It is essential to follow family centred care and educate the child and family as family is the integral part of child’s life. Preparation of child according to age, utilization of age appropriate equipment and age specific techniques, keen observation of child and surrounding are important aspect of childcare. Pharmacological, non-pharmacological and psychological strategies, involvement of loved one’s aid for minimizing the pain fear anxiety and distress. The physical and psychological safety of child should be of prime concern while performing a nursing procedure on child, the aim should be to successfully complete the procedure minimizing the negative effects of the same. Therefore, it is vital that any medical procedure is ended in a positive manner.

Reinjury Anxiety and Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cluster Analysis and Prospective Study Among 162 Athletes

Background: Recent studies have investigated the effect of psychological factors on return to sport (RTS), but none has tested the existence of psychological profiles linked to reinjury anxiety and its links with RTS and reinjury. Purpose: To assess the effect of different psychological profiles on RTS and reinjury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The study screened patients who were involved in all types of sports for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (hamstring and patellar tendon autografts). All participants were included during the RTS phase (90-180 days after ACL reconstruction). Reinjury anxiety, fear of reinjury, kinesiophobia, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, knee confidence, self-esteem, optimism, coping, and pain were measured. Hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward method) and analysis of variance were performed. In the second year after surgery, patients were recontacted by telephone to follow-up. RTS and reinjury were compared by profile type. Results: A total of 162 athletes were initially included, of whom 123 responded regarding RTS and reinjury. Cluster analysis showed a 4-cluster solution (χ2[21] = 428.59; λ = .064; P < .001). Profile 1 (27.8%) was characterized by moderate reinjury anxiety and no depression. Profile 2 (22.8%) was characterized by moderate reinjury anxiety and minor anxious-depressive reaction. Profile 3 (30.9%) was characterized by no reinjury anxiety, no depression, and high confidence. Profile 4 (18.5%) was characterized by high anxiety, high depression, and low confidence. Profile 4 had the lowest self-esteem and optimism scores compared with profile 3 (P < .001). In addition, a higher percentage of men was found in profile 3 as opposed to profile 4 (χ2[3] = 11.35; P < .01). Profile 4 had the highest rate of non-RTS with 54.2% (profile 1: 14.3%, P = .001; profile 2: 25.0%, P = .031; profile 3: 22.2%, P = .011). Finally, patients with profile 3 had a higher risk of reinjury (13.9%) than those with profile 4 (0%) (P = .047), who had an extremely conservative RTS. Conclusion: The different profiles will affect RTS, but also the risk of reinjury exclusively for profiles 3 and 4. Rehabilitation management will probably require all stakeholders to understand psychological profiles of athletes to develop an on-demand rehabilitation plan.

Women's caesarean section preferences: A multicountry cross-sectional survey in low- and middle-income countries

ObjectiveTo measure the proportion of women's preferences for CS in hospitals with high caesarean section rates and to identify related factors. DesignA cross-sectional hospital-based postpartum survey was conducted. We used multilevel multivariate logistic regression and probit models to analyse the association between women's caesarean section preferences and maternal characteristics. Probit models take into account selection bias while excluding women who had no preference. SettingThirty-two hospitals in Argentina, Thailand, Vietnam and Burkina Faso were selected. ParticipantsA total of 1,979 post-partum women with no potential medical need for caesarean section were included among a representative sample of women who delivered at each of the participating facilities during the data collection period. FindingsThe overall caesarean section rate was 23.3 %. Among women who declared a preference in late pregnancy, 9 % preferred caesarean section, ranging from 1.8 % in Burkina Faso to 17.8 % in Thailand. Primiparous women were more likely to prefer a caesarean section than multiparous women (β=+0.16 [+0.01; +0.31]; p = 0.04). Among women who preferred caesarean section, doctors were frequently cited as the main influencers, and “avoid pain in labour” was the most common perceived benefit of caesarean section. Key conclusionsOur results suggest that a high proportion of women prefer vaginal birth and highlight that the preference for caesarean section is linked to women's fear of pain and the influence of doctors. These results can inform the development of interventions aimed at supporting women and their preferences, providing them with evidence-based information and changing doctors' behaviour in order to reduce the number of unnecessary caesarean sections. Clinical trial registryThe QUALI-DEC trial is registered on the Current Controlled Trials website (https://www.isrctn.com/) under the number ISRCTN67214403.

Provider Perspectives on Analgesic Use in Intrauterine Device Insertion Procedures: A Mixed Methods Analysis.

The intrauterine device (IUD) is one type of long-acting reversible contraceptive that is becoming increasingly popular among patients and healthcare providers alike, though many are deterred from using this option due to pain or fear of pain with IUD insertion. While the IUD insertion process itself is standardized, the use of pain medication is not. There is a lack of research regarding provider preference in analgesic use for IUD insertion procedures, which analgesics are being provided to patients, and under which circumstances. This study aims to explore which analgesics are being used routinely in clinical settings, which patient populations are more likely to receive or benefit from these treatments, and why. Secondarily, this study aims to evaluate the impacts ofprovider characteristics such as location of training and practice, length of practice, and type of training in analgesic administration. Various national organizations were contacted via email and asked to distribute the "IUD Pain Management" survey via discussion board or email newsletter. This survey was developed to gather demographic information on providers of IUD placement procedures and evaluate trends in analgesic methods used based on provider and patient characteristics. Additionally, the survey included an opportunity for participants to agree to participate in a brief interview to further elaborate on their responses via phone. Survey responses were collected and evaluated on the secure QuestionPro platform.Results from the interview were qualitatively assessed by coding recurrent themes between participant interviews. Survey respondents represented physicians from family medicine and OB-GYN specialties, as well as nurse practitioners, registered nurses, physician assistants, and OB-GYN resident physicians. The average length of clinical practice is 6.7 years. The majority of respondents reported offering some sort of analgesic for IUD insertion procedures, with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the most commonly used. Participants also reported an increased likelihood of prescribing analgesics for adolescent and nulliparous patients. Participant interviews included themes such as patient perception of pain, provider training, barriers to access, and alternative analgesic options. Our study has identified a significant amount of variation in practices regarding analgesic use for IUD insertion procedures and highlighted some underlying causes of these inconsistencies. Future studies should further investigate trends in analgesic administration in IUD insertion procedures with a larger sample size and delve into factors such as provider education and barriers to access.

Assessment of Oral Health Awareness among the Individuals in Chengalpttu District: A Questionnaire Based Study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the patients visiting the OPD Department of periodontology and implantology KARPAGA VINAYAGA INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on the patient visiting OPD of KARPAGA VINAYAGA INSTITUE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, CHENGALPATTU 300 participants participated in this pilot study. This study included a self-administered questionnaire, which took an average of about 10 minutes to complete all the question. Responses from the subjects were calculated in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: Out of 300 participants 57.7% of them visit dentist only when they have dental problem. 78% of the population is afraid to visit dentist due to fear of pain 87.3% of participants were of the opinion that tooth loss is a natural sequel of the aging process. Conclusion: There is a lack of awareness and a negligent attitude towards oral health among the general public. People must be motivated, and their attitudes towards the importance of oral health must be clarified through various programs. Comprehensive educational programs to promote excellent oral health and teach proper oral hygiene practices are desperately needed. Keywords: Oral attitudes, oral health behaviour, knowledge, and awareness

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(184) The Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Women Seeking Infertility Treatment in Vietnam

Abstract Introduction Sexual function plays a crucial role in women's psychosocial and overall well-being, significantly impacting their quality of life. Any decline in sexual function can have detrimental effects on the affected individuals' quality of life Objective (i) To describe the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women seeking infertility treatment at the Andrology and Fertility Hospital of Hanoi, Viet Nam, and (ii) to analyze the factors associated with sexual dysfunction in the study population. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. All women (1.039) seeking infertility treatment at the Andrology and Fertility Hospital from December 30, 2022, to March 30, 2023 participate in the study. They were invited to scan a QR code and complete the research questionnaire. Female sexual dysfunction is assessed based on the FSFI scale included six domains: sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain (comprising 19 questions). The data were extracted into Excel, cleaned, and analyzed using STATA 17.0 software. The analysis of factors associated with female sexual dysfunction was conducted using logistic regression models. Results Among the 1039 participants in the study, the mean age was 30.9±5.3 years. The overall score for female sexual dysfunction was 25.09 ± 6.20, with individual component scores. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was 49.7%. There is a positive correlation among the six components of female sexual dysfunction, p&amp;lt;0.01. In the multivariate regression model, the risk of female sexual dysfunction is higher among individuals who work away from home, have an underweight body mass index, have a poor relationship with their partner, have had no sexual intercourse in the past 4 weeks, experience fear of pain, anxiety, and body image concerns during sexual activity, have infrequent or no discussions with their partner regarding sexual desires, preferred positions, and stimulation, and are dissatisfied with their sexual life. Conclusions Half of the women seeking infertility in late-stage medical care experience sexual dysfunction. Factors that increase the risk of sexual dysfunction include having a job far from home, being underweight based on body mass index, having a poor overall relationship with a partner, not engaging in sexual activity in the past four weeks, fear of pain, anxiety, body image concerns during sexual intercourse, and limited or lack of communication with a partner about sexual issues such as desires, preferred positions, and stimulation. Additionally, dissatisfaction with one's sexual life contributes to the occurrence of sexual dysfunction. Therefore, early screening and timely intervention are necessary for this group of individuals. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Andrology and Fertility Hospital of Hanoi.

Pelvic Pain and Sexual Function in Primiparous Pregnant Women with and without High/Severe Fear of Childbirth

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to determine pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction in primiparous pregnant women with varying levels of fear of childbirth (FOC). Methods This is a descriptive correlational study. This study was conducted with 400 pregnant women at 24–40 weeks of gestation who applied to the obstetrics polyclinic of a hospital between January 2022 and March 2022. Data were collected through a personal information form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQ-A), the Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ), and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) Female Form. Results Of the 400 pregnant women, 232 (58%) had high/severe FOC. High/severe FOC was a risk factor that negatively affected pelvic pain and sexual function (frequency of sexual intercourse, communication, sexual satisfaction, avoidance, touching, vaginismus, and anorgasmia) in pregnant women (p &lt; 0.000). In addition, pregnant women with high/severe FOC avoided vaginal examination (p = 0.016), had higher fear of vaginal examination (p = 0.004), experienced more pain or burning during sexual intercourse (p = 0.017), and had more fear of pain during sexual intercourse (p = 0.003). Conclusions High/severe FOC during pregnancy is an important risk factor that negatively affects pelvic pain and sexual function. Policy Implications Identifying pregnant women with high/severe FOC and support programs such as antenatal education programs or cognitive coping strategies to cope with FOC may be useful in preventing pelvic pain and sexual functions that may be negatively affected.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward herpes zoster (HZ) and HZ vaccination: Concept elicitation findings from a multi-country study in the Asia Pacific

ABSTRACT Herpes zoster (HZ) is a prevalent disease characterized by a painful rash. A multi‑country study was conducted to elicit public and physician knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward HZ disease and vaccination for the assessment of local factors influencing HZ vaccine perceptions in four Asian-Pacific countries/territories One-to-one qualitative interviews were conducted in 2022, among the public (people aged ≥ 50 years, adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years, zoster vaccine live-vaccinated individuals aged ≥ 50 years in Republic of Korea, and HZ patients; n = 78) and physicians (general practitioners and specialists; n = 24). Themes surrounding KAP toward HZ and HZ vaccination were summarized using a thematic analysis. A substantial knowledge gap related to HZ was observed among the public, including its causes, long-term impacts, and the at-risk population. There was a low perceived risk of HZ and low general awareness of HZ vaccine availability, although country/territory-specific differences existed. Fear of HZ-associated pain contributed toward vaccination intent among HZ patients and adults with parents aged ≥ 50 years. HZ-naïve adults who were encouraged to receive the vaccine by others were not motivated to do so due to optimism bias. Physicians were perceived to be a reliable source of information. However, physicians did not always proactively discuss HZ vaccination due to time constraints and a perceived need to prioritize other vaccinations including influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. Initiatives are needed to improve public awareness of HZ and its complications, in terms of overall impact on individuals and society, and highlight the important role of physicians in recommending vaccination.

Clinical outcomes of conservative versus surgical treatment for patients with proximal humeral fracture before physiotherapy.

Fear of movement, pain, and loss of shoulder function are the most common problems irrespective of their approach to management after proximal humeral fracture (PHF). However, it has been unclear whether there could be differences between both treatments in early clinical outcomes. It can help physiotherapists to guide in choosing treatment approaches. This study aimed to compare kinesiophobia, pain, range of motion (ROM), shoulder function, and Quality of life (QoL) in patients treated with either conservative (CT) versus surgical (ST) after PHF. In addition, it aimed to determine correlations between fear of movement and seconder outcome measures. This cross-sectional study enrolled the patients having 5-6 weeks (being permitted active movement) after being treated either CT or ST and receiving no physical therapy. Pain, passive and active ROMs, shoulder function, fear of movement, and QoL were evaluated. 42 patients were recruited. Kinesiophobia scores were similar (p=0.55) and moderate in both groups. There was a significant difference in degrees of shoulder active flexion, active and passive abduction in favor of the CT group (p=0.05, p=0.02, p=0.04, respectively). However, there was no difference between groups regarding the remaining clinical outcomes. Furthermore, kinesiophobia showed a moderate negative correlation with energy/fatigue, social functioning, and general health. These findings showed that patients treated surgically did not have more kinesiophobia, less function, and QoL before starting physiotherapy, despite having soft tissue damage and different types of fractures. However, surgically treated patients had significantly less range of motion.

Modal Sosial: Kendala Penanganan Dokter dan Bidan untuk Meminimalkan Kelumpuhan Janin Akibat Takut pada Ibu Hamil

This study aims to analyze the obstacles faced by doctors and midwives in minimizing the risk of fetal paralysis due to pregnant women's fear. The fear experienced by pregnant women can influence medical decisions made by doctors and midwives, leading to complications during pregnancy and childbirth. The research involves qualitative analysis from the perspectives of practitioners in various healthcare facilities. Findings reveal various relationships between factors and levels of maternal fear. Firstly, there is no significant relationship between the age of pregnant women and their fear levels. Secondly, maternal education significantly impacts fear levels, with highly educated pregnant women exhibiting lower fear levels, while those with lower education experience higher fear levels. Thirdly, maternal employment status is significantly related to anxiety levels, indicating that working pregnant women may experience higher levels of fear than non-working counterparts. Qualitative analysis indicates that nulliparous women tend to have greater fear of labor pain and pre-delivery concerns. BMI has a significant relationship with anxiety levels, suggesting that pregnant women with higher BMI may experience higher fear levels. Lastly, spousal support plays a crucial role in anxiety levels, with pregnant women receiving greater support from their husbands tending to have lower levels of fear.

GAMBARAN RESPON HOSPITALISASI PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH YANG PERTAMA KALI DIRAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT

Hospitalization causes the child to temporarily separate from their parents, which can lead to excessive fear, worry, and anxiety. The negative responses that arise in children during hospitalization can disrupt the care process and create new challenges in various aspects of the child's development in the future. The research aims to determine the overview of the responses of children who are hospitalized for the first time. Methods: The research is a quantitative study using a descriptive approach with a sample size of 30 preschool-aged children. Sample data is collected through a questionnaire prepared by the researcher using the accidental sampling technique. The data is analyzed using univariate analysis. Results: The most common age of the respondents is 4 and 5 years old (30%), the majority of the respondents are female (60%), respondents have siblings (76.7%), some respondents had a short hospital stay (50%), and most of the respondents were cared for by their mothers during hospitalization (90%). Children's responses to hospitalization include anxiety about separation (76.7%), a sense of loss of control (70%), and fear of injury and pain (83.3%). Conclusion: Hospitalization in preschool-aged children includes anxiety about separation, a sense of loss of control, and fear of bodily injury and pain. Nurses should communicate with the family and child using simple explanations, offering choices, and using visual aids to explain hospital procedures.

Кризові етапи розвитку спортивної кар’єри спортсменів-одноборців та формування шляхів їх подолання

Purpose: to determine the crisis stages in the development of the sports career of single combat athletes and to formulate ways to overcome them. Material and methods. The following methods were used to solve the purpose of the study: theoretical analysis, systematization and generalization of data from scientific and methodological sources. Results: the achieved level of achievements in sports requires special abilities from young single combat athletes, the ultimate intensification of the training process, and the use of stimulation tools to achieve particularly high results. Increased physical and psychological stress in single combat sports leads to rapid depletion of physical strength, injuries, and occupational diseases - in order to show consistently high results in such difficult conditions, an athlete needs a special personal and motivational readiness. Sports activities are considered to be extreme types of human activity that are difficult to perform and require a person to exert extreme physical and mental strength. Extremity can be both objective, determined by the following factors: high level of psychological and physical stress, dangerous conditions of performance, strict selection conditions, high competition, etc., and subjective, determined by such factors as fear of pain, injury; fear of an «inconvenient» opponent, feeling of overstrain during the competition, etc. The ability of an athlete to «overcome» depends to a large extent on his/her personal characteristics: target orientations - dominance of «self orientation» or «task orientation», dominant values, level and degree of moral control over behavior, degree of concentration. Conclusions. It has been determined that the ability to control one's stream of thoughts should be trained regularly. The winning mindset of a single combat athlete is based on the ability to concentrate on the «right» thoughts. You can train the ability to concentrate through special training and meditation. A concentrated athlete is able to control his or her emotions during competitions. Regular work with the formation of the winner's mindset helps to develop constructive thinking. It is necessary to constantly apply psychological techniques in practice. The family and coach should help the athlete to win, support and guide him. Keywords: psychological barriers, psychology of the winner, mental state, martial arts.

Some Aspects Regarding the Psychology of the Surgical Patient

The need for a medical consultation always generates an unpleasant sensation, which becomes more accentuated, when the doctor is a surgeon. The surgeon is next to the dentist, gynecologist and psychiatrist, the doctor to whom the patient turns with the greatest fear. The operative indication and the discussion of therapeutic perspectives can trigger a psycho-emotional imbalance, leading to tomophobia. In fact, it is a complex psychological reaction, including odynophobia (fear of pain), dysmorphophobia (fear of postoperative bodily sequelae), hypnophobia (fear of anesthetic sleep, from which one could not wake up), trypanophobia (fear of injections, needles, scalpel), pantophobia (fear of everything that happens around, in this case, in the hospital environment) and above all, thanatophobia (fear of death). Therefore, it can be stated that the surgical intervention is a test of the psycho-affective capacity.&#x0D; The paper presents the authors' experience in 20 years (2002-2021), related to the psychological management of surgical patients, subjected to medium or large-scale surgical interventions (75% performed in emergency mode), in 958 patients.&#x0D; Mental stress can have consequences, both on the reactivity of the surgical patient and on his postoperative evolution. In the time crunch and in the absence of a psychologist, available to offer specific advice on medical objectives, the management of perioperative anxiety rests with the surgeon and the nursing staff.

Longitudinal Pain Outcomes Following an Intensive Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Program: Testing Potential Treatment Mechanisms.

This study tested performance measures of physical functioning and pain-related psychosocial measures as potential mechanisms of improvements in outcomes following intensive outpatient interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation for adolescents. We hypothesized that improvements in performance measures of physical functioning, fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy during treatment would be related to improvements in pain, functional disability, and depressive symptoms. Seventy-seven adolescents, 10 to 18 years old, completed self-report measures before treatment, after the first week, at discharge, and at the 3-month follow-up. Participants completed physical performance measures of physical and exercise capacity and core strength on day 1, after the first week, and at discharge. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between changes in potential mechanisms and changes in outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, pain duration, and baseline functional disability. Statistically significant improvement in functional disability, pain, and depressive symptoms was demonstrated across the 4 time points. Improvements were also demonstrated in physical performance measures, fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy. Improvements in pain catastrophizing predicted improvements in functional disability, pain, and depressive symptoms. Improvements in self-efficacy predicted improvements in all outcome variables except depression. Improvements in physical performance measures predicted improvements in some aspects of functional disability and pain, but not depressive symptoms. This study contributes to the growing literature on the effectiveness of pediatric intensive interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs and mechanisms that influence improvements in outcomes, an area that is currently underexplored. Results are important to guide future research and inform clinical practice.

Validity and Reliability of the Romanian Version of a Modified Short Form of Fear of Dental Pain Questionnaire.

The design of the study was cross-sectional. Data were collected through an online questionnaire completed by university students, administered from January to March 2024. The survey included information about past dental treatments, the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), and items of s-FDPQ. 186 participants were included in the study. The Romanian version of the modified s-FDPQ had a good reliability Sperman-Brown coefficient is 0.878, and Cronbach alpha is 0.92. The questionnaire had a good convergent validity, with all items being moderately correlated with the DAS score. The one-factor model was tested and has a good fit according to the confirmatory factor analysis. The participants were afraid of pain mostly regarding having a wisdom tooth extracted or a dental implant inserted. A statistically significant higher fear of dental pain was observed in those who did not previously have a root canal treatment (p=0.008) and in those who had dental implants in the past (p=0.046). Those attending regular dental check-ups had lower levels of fear of dental pain. The Romanian version of s-FDPQ, modified by adding a question about dental implant insertion, has good reliability and validity. Fear of dental pain seemed to be influenced by features of dental procedures and previous dental experience.

Assessment of Preoperative Anxiety Levels Among Patients Admitted for Surgery in Public Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia.

Anxiety before surgery is one of the most challenging aspects of preoperative care. Preoperative anxiety has a number of postoperative complications. There are only a few studies that report on preoperative anxiety in surgical patients in Ethiopia, and their prevalence differs from one study to the next. The aim of this study was to assess the level of preoperative anxiety and associated factors among surgical patients admitted at public hospitals in southern Ethiopia. From July to August 2022, a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted to surgical wards at public hospitals. Data collection was conducted using a pretested, structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer. Preoperative anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale. The data were coded and entered in Epi Data Version 4.6, then exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 for analysis. To describe the study variables, descriptive statistics were used. The associated factors were then identified using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results were declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 based on an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 220 patients were enrolled, with a 99.5% response rate. The observed preoperative anxiety level was 57.5% (95%CI: 54.63-62.35). High preoperative anxiety was associated with no formal educational status (AOR: 3.75; 95%CI = 1.36, 10.39), fear of death (AOR =2.01; 95%CI = 1.09, 3.73), fear of waking up in middle of surgery (AOR =3.42; 95%CI =1.19, 9.77), fear of postoperative pain (AOR = 2.56; 95%CI = 1.15, 5.74). This study found that five out of ten patients scheduled for surgery in public hospitals had high levels of preoperative anxiety. Anxiety levels were associated with factors such as the educational status of respondents, fear of death, fear of waking up in the middle of surgery, and fear of postoperative pain. Preoperative anxiety assessments should be conducted regularly in each hospital, and appropriate anxiety-reducing methods must be implemented.

Evolution of anxiety management in prostate biopsy under local anesthesia: a narrative review

Introduction and methodsProstate biopsy (PB) is an essential step in the diagnosis and active surveillance of prostate cancer (PCa). Transperineal PB (TP-PB) is now the recommended approach and is mostly conducted under local anesthesia. However, this procedure can potentially cause anxiety for patients, given the oncological context and the fear of peri-procedural pain and complications. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the currently available tools for the management of peri-interventional anxiety during TP-PB, with a particular emphasis on the potential role of virtual reality (VR) in this setting.ResultsIn TP-PB, preoperative anxiety can lead to increased pain perception, longer procedure time, and decreased patient satisfaction. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have been explored to reduce anxiety, such as premedication, deep sedation, education, relaxation techniques, hypnosis, and music therapy, albeit with mixed results. VR has recently emerged in the technological armamentarium for managing pain and anxiety, and the efficiency of this technology has been evaluated in various medical fields, including pediatrics, gastroenterology, urology, gynecology, and psychiatry.ConclusionDespite the paucity of available data, VR appears to be a safe and effective technique in reducing anxiety in many procedures, even in frail patients. No studies have evaluated the role of VR in TP-PB. Future research should thus explore the optimal way to implement VR technology and any potential benefits for TP-PB patients.

Evaluation of a short in-person and online antenatal educational intervention for high-risk pregnant women linked to antenatal consultation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate a short educational intervention that focused on labor pain (through visual analogue scale, VAS), postpartum anxiety, and birthing experience before and during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. This was a quasi-experimental study conducted between November 2019 and May 2021 in Brazil in 100 women with a high-risk pregnancy in the third trimester of pregnancy with an intervention group with in-person or virtual sessions (during the COVID-19 pandemic) and a non-intervention group. The antenatal intervention included breathing and relaxation techniques, upright positions, and information about labor. For evaluation, an antenatal questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and a postpartum questionnaire were used. For data analysis, Student's t-test, chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, ANOVA, bivariate, and multivariate regression analysis, were used. When comparing the women in the intervention group to the non-intervention group, it was observed that the latter group reported higher fear of pain at labor during antenatal consultations (p<0.013); more women needed analgesia at 0-4 cm dilation (17/40) (p<0.018); the duration of labor was ≥12 hours (37/50) (p<0.037); while the intervention reported having a regular, good or excellent labor period (36/50) (p=0.014). The multiple regression analysis for labor pain showed a significant relationship between mode of delivery (cesarean delivery: RR; SE -21.43; 5.32, p<0.001) and labor pain, and good satisfaction with labor (RR; SE -13.86; 6.40, p=0.033). Women from the intervention group had more satisfaction and less pain during labor than women from the non-intervention group.

The relationship between nursing students' pain beliefs and fear of pain: A descriptive and correlational study

BackgroundFuture nurses' beliefs and attitudes regarding pain can affect their approach to patients with pain and pain management. AimThis study aimed to determine the relationship between nursing students’ pain beliefs and their fear of pain. MethodsA descriptive and correlational study included 312 nursing students. The “Student Information Form,” “Pain Beliefs Scale,” and “Fear of Pain Scale-III” were used to collect data. ResultsThe students’ mean scores of the Fear of Pain Scale-III, Organic Beliefs, and Psychologic Beliefs sub-categories were 92.21 ± 17.73, 3.47 ± 0.67, and 2.67 ± 1.03, respectively. There was a positive relationship between the Fear of Pain Scale-III and psychological and organic beliefs mean scores (p < 0.05). A one-unit increase in the organic beliefs variable increases the probability of fear of pain by 0.36 times. ConclusionsThe nursing students' organic beliefs and fear of pain were moderate and their psychological beliefs were low. Nurse educators can integrate different teaching strategies to overcome students' misconceptions about pain and fears of pain into their curriculum.