Fe Nanocomposites Research Articles

A novel barium zirconate titanate/Fe-MOF nanocomposite: Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic mechanism

The synthesis of a metal-organic framework (MOF) matrix of MIL-100 (Fe) loaded with BaTi0.85Zr0.15O3 (BTZ) nanoparticles (NPs) was achieved by an easy one-pot solvothermal procedure and encasing of BTZ NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption were deployed for the characterization of the synthesized samples. The degradation efficiency for tetracycline (TC), among the photocatalytic BTZ/MIL-100(Fe) nanocomposites with varied BTZ percentages (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% BTZ), revealed that (30 wt%), offered the best outcome. At 0.8 g L-1 of the catalyst, pH 9, 30 ppm TC solution, and 180 min irradiation time, as the optimal conditions, the degradation efficiency of TC molecules reached >90. Based on the study of some scavenging agents, the importance of the reactive species in TC photodegradation followed the trend of photogenerated e-, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, and photogenerated h+. TC degradation occurred through reduction and oxidation pathways via a direct Z-scheme mechanism. This work aims to describe the use of MOF-based materials as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst towards TC.

Nickel-based hydroxide composite as electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

The development of earth-abundant transition-metal-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is commercial. In this work, Fe (Co) and Ni hydroxide nanocomposites on Ni foam were synthesized as HER catalyst, FeNi-LDH/NF has the overpotentials of 291 mV at 50 mA cm−2 and 369 mV at 100 mA cm−2. It is found that FeNi-LDH/NF and CoNi-LDH/NF have large Cdl and ECSA, low Rct. Therefore, this simple method to prepare FeNi-LDH/NF and CoNi-LDH/NF can enhance the properties of electrocatalysts, which make FeNi-LDH/NF and CoNi-LDH/NF a promising material to replace noble metal-based catalysts.

High thermal stability and mechanical properties of nanosized-Fe-reinforced aluminum matrix composites via deformation-driven metallurgy

Fine-grained aluminum, characterized by high performance and lightweight, is highly susceptible to grain coarsening leading to instability at elevated temperatures. The introduction of the Fe element has shown extraordinary potential to enhance thermal stability, marked by its low solubility and diffusion rate within the Al matrix. In light of this, Fe nanoparticles were exploited to reinforce fine-grained aluminum via deformation-driven metallurgy based on the principle of severe plastic deformation. The inherent mechanisms of dynamic recovery and recrystallization associated with thermo-mechanical properties facilitated the consolidation of ultrafine-grained Al–Fe nanocomposites, resulting in homogeneous dispersion both intragranularly and intergranularly of the reinforcements with an average particle size of 200.2 ± 4.6 nm. These dispersed Al–Fe nanophases with stable structures refined grains and pinned grain boundaries to hinder migration, which significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the composites. The average grain size remained substantially constant after thermal exposure at 300 °C for 100 h, with variability maintained within a 0.20 μm threshold. The mechanical properties remained substantially unchanged, exhibiting an ultimate tensile strength of 480 ± 9 MPa and elongation of 14.8 ± 0.4 %.

Dispersive-solid phase extraction of diniconazole from water and fruit juice samples using MnCoCu-LDHs@MOF-235 nanocomposite

In this study, a new, affordable, and promising adsorbent based on MnCoCu-LDHs@MOF-235(Fe) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized, characterized, and utilized for the solid phase extraction of diniconazole (DNC) pesticide from water and food samples before it was determined by liquid chromatography. The structural characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposite were confirmed by various techniques, including FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, and FE-SEM-EDX. The central composite design (CCD) technique was used for multi-response optimization of effective parameters including the sample solution’s pH (6.0), adsorbent amount (15 mg), adsorption time (5 min), sample volume (30 mL) and eluent volume (2.5 mL), and desorption time (3 min) to achieve optimum extraction efficiency. Under optimal conditions, the method’s analytical performance was assessed. The results showed that the calibration graphs showed linearity for DNC in the range of 1.3–500 µg L−1, with a detection limit of 0.4 µg L−1 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9988. Additionally, 2.9 intra-day RSD, 6.1 inter-day RSD, 12.0 preconcentration factor, and 2.53–11.53 enrichment factors was attained. The performance of the method to extract DNC from nine different real samples was realized with high relative recoveries (88.0–108 %). In addition, the greenness of the method was assessed with the AGREE metric tool, confirming that the method is environmentally friendly.

High sensitivity and high humidity resistance of p-p heterostructure CaFe2O4/Ca2Fe2O5 based sensor to ethanol under UV–visible light

Gas sensors with high sensitivity and high humidity resistance have broad application prospects in air monitoring and detection of exhaled biomarkers. Structural design and light-activated gas sensing technologies have been proposed as new strategies to improve the gas sensing performance of sensors. In this work, a series of Ca–Fe nanocomposite were prepared using a sol-gel method. The effects of annealing temperature on the phase structure and microstructure of the nanocomposites were systematically studied, and the sensing responses to ethanol vapour under different relative humidity (RH) and light conditions were compared. A novel CaFe2O4/Ca2Fe2O5 (CF2/CF) nanocomposite with a p-p heterostructure was obtained by annealing at 700 °C. The microstructure of “nanorods + nanoparticles” indicated the formation of a composite phase structure. Notably, high ethanol sensing response of 3.95 was obtained for the CF2/CF-based sensor under 4 ppm ethanol at 69 % RH and moderate operating temperature of 160 °C, indicating high sensitivity and good humidity resistance. It was found that the ethanol sensing response of the CF2/CF-based sensor was significantly improved under light illumination. Compared to that in dark, the CF2/CF based sensor exhibited notably enhanced ethanol sensing responses of 20 %, 13.5 %, 8.5 %, and 7.9 % under 370 nm, 420 nm, and 470 nm light as well as natural light, respectively. The observed high sensitivity and high humidity resistance of the CF2/CF nanocomposites were attributed to the p-p heterojunction structure, light illumination and nature of both CF2 and CF materials. The p-p heterostructure CF2/CF nanocomposites contribute significantly to the development of gas sensors with high sensitivity.

Oxaliplatin-Loaded Mil-100(Fe) for Chemotherapy-Ferroptosis Combined Therapy for Gastric Cancer.

Oxaliplatin (Oxa) is a commonly used chemotherapy drug in the treatment of gastric cancer, but its toxic side effects and drug resistance after long-term use have seriously limited its efficacy. Loading chemotherapy drugs with nanomaterials and delivering them to the tumor site are common ways to overcome the above problems. However, nanomaterials as carriers do not have therapeutic functions on their own, and the effect of single chemotherapy is relatively limited, so there is still room for progress in related research. Herein, we construct Oxa@Mil-100(Fe) nanocomposites by loading Oxa with a metal-organic framework (MOF) Mil-100(Fe) with high biocompatibility and a large specific surface area. The pore structure of Mil-100(Fe) is conducive to a large amount of Oxa loading with a drug-loading rate of up to 27.2%. Oxa@Mil-100(Fe) is responsive to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and can release Oxa and Fe3+ under external stimulation. On the one hand, Oxa can inhibit the synthesis of DNA and induce the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. On the other hand, Fe3+ can clear overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in TME and be reduced to Fe2+, inhibiting the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), leading to the accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxides (LPO), and at the same time releasing a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the Fenton reaction, inducing ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells. With the combination of apoptosis and ferroptosis, Oxa@Mil-100(Fe) shows a good therapeutic effect, and the killing effect on gastric cancer cells is obvious. In a nude mouse model of subcutaneous tumor transplantation, Oxa@Mil-100(Fe) shows a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth, with an inhibition rate of nearly 60%. In addition to its excellent antitumor activity, Oxa@Mil-100(Fe) has no obvious toxic or side effects. This study provides a new idea and method for the combined treatment of gastric cancer.

Effect of In Situ NbC-Cr7C3@graphene/Fe Nanocomposite Inoculant Modification and Refinement on the Microstructure and Properties of W18Cr4V High-Speed Steel.

A novel graphene-coated nanocrystalline ceramic particle, iron-based composite inoculant was developed in this study to optimize the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of W18Cr4V high-speed steel (HSS). The effects of the composite inoculant on the microstructure, crystal structure, and mechanical properties of HSS were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The (002-) and (020) crystal planes of the Fe3C and Cr7C3 phases, respectively, were collinear at two points in the reciprocal space, indicating a coherent relationship between the Fe3C and Cr7C3 phases in the tempered modified HSS. This contributed to an improved non-uniform nucleation rate and refining of the HSS grains. The mechanical properties of the modified steel exhibited a general improvement. Specifically, the modification treatment enhanced the hardness of HSS from HRC 63.2 to 66.4 and the impact toughness by 48.3%.

Integrated MCDM techniques for the selection of hybrid MWCNT/Ni–Zn–Fe nanocomposites for X-band radar absorption applications

In the 21st century, microwave-absorbing materials are used in a wide range of applications, such as in anechoic chambers and as electromagnetic interference shielding materials in radar and wireless communications. The design and development of new microwave-absorbing materials require substantial resources such as time, raw materials, and energy, and need to be cost-effective. Judicious selection of radar-absorbing materials from available alternatives often becomes difficult because it involves conflicting and non-commensurate attributes, such as bandwidth, reduced reflection loss, and thickness. This study aims to design and select novel double-layered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/ Ni–Zn–Fe (NZF) microwave-absorbing materials using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques such as TOPSIS, VIKOR, and PROMETHEE-II. Single-layered microwave-absorbing materials with various compositions of MWCNT and NZF were prepared using a low-cost and facilein-situpolymerization process. The multi-layered radar-absorbing materials reflection loss was determined using transmission line theory. Subjective and objective criteria weights from the analytical hierarchy process, entropy methods, and their calculated combined weights were utilized to implement the MCDM techniques. The combination of MWCNT/NZF radar-absorbing materials was chosen using integrated MCDM methods as the preferred microwave-absorbing material with a reflection loss of −15 dB for a 2.6 GHz bandwidth and a maximum reflection loss of –22 dB at 9.6 GHz in the X-band.

Magnetic solid-phase extraction-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for label-free therapeutic drug monitoring of carbamazepine and clozapine in human serum

Determination of antiepileptic drugs and antipsychotics in human serum is significant in individualized drug administration and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). In this study, we developed a rapid label-free TDM method for the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and the antipsychotic clozapine (CLO) in human serum. This detection strategy is based on the combination of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). Initially, Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-101(Fe) nanocomposites were synthesized by the layer-by-layer self-assembly method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, ultraviolet–visible, and Fourier transform infrared analyses. Subsequently, CBZ and CLO were detected in human serum using Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-101(Fe) as the solid-phase extraction adsorbent and Ag nanoparticles as SERS substrates. The potential of the MSPE–SERS method for the label-free TDM of CBZ and CLO was then investigated. Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-101(Fe) prevents magnetic particle aggregation and demonstrates rapid magnetic separation capability that simplifies the pretreatment process and reduces interference from complex matrices. Its large surface area can effectively enrich targets in complex matrices, thereby improving the SERS detection sensitivity. The linearity between CBZ and CLO was excellent over the concentration range of 0.1–100 µg/mL (calculated as the intensity of the SERS characteristic peaks of CBZ and CLO at 728 cm and 1054 cm−1, respectively), with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9987 and 0.9957, and detection limits of 0.072 and 0.12 µg/mL, respectively. The recoveries of CBZ with CLO ranged from 94.0 % to 105.0 %, and their relative standard deviations were <6.8 %. Compared to other assays, the developed MSPE–SERS method has the advantages of simple sample pretreatment, rapid detection, and good reproducibility, which provides a novel approach for the TDM of other drugs.

Integrating MOF‐Based Catalysis with Nanocavity‐Confined Pd Catalysis over Multifunctional Pd‐MOF‐Fe for Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols under Visible Light

AbstractSolar‐driven hydrogen (H2) evolution combined with synchronously selective oxidation for fine chemicals production is of great significance in energy and synthetic chemistry. Herein, ultrafine Pd nanoparticles‐encapsulated MIL‐100(Fe) (Pd‐MOF‐Fe) nanocomposites are synthesized through double‐solvent impregnation integrated with photo‐reduction method. Integrating MOF‐based catalysis and Pd‐based catalysis, the Pd‐MOF‐Fe can serve as multifunctional catalyst for photoinduced alcohol dehydrogenation reaction. Optimal generation rates of H2 (3.61 mmol g−1 h−1) and benzaldehyde (3.40 mmol g−1 h−1) are gained over Pd‐MOF‐Fe, ca. 4.1 times that of the Pd/MOF‐Fe, in which Pd crystals with size ranging from 3 to 6 nm are immobilized on the intersurface of MOFs. Besides, controlled experiments reveal the pivotal role of the opened FeO6 nodes of MIL‐100(Fe) as Lewis acid sites toward alcohol activation. This work provides a controllable approach for metal nanoparticle immobilization. Furthermore, considering the diversified MOF structures, this study also highlights the infinite possibility of metal nanoparticle/MOFs as multifunctional platform for solar energy conversion and chemicals production.

Modulated antibacterial activity in ZnO@MIL‐53(Fe) and CuO@MIL‐53(Fe) nanocomposites prepared by simple thermal treatment process

By controlling the release of encapsulated antibacterial materials and the intrinsic antibacterial components of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) through the slow degradation of their frameworks, the composite material that contains self‐degrading MOFs demonstrates synergistic antibacterial effects. In this study, MIL‐53(Fe) was investigated for finding MOFs that have metal oxides in the pores ([CuO]1.3@MIL‐53(Fe) and [ZnO]1.05@MIL‐53(Fe)) with antibacterial activity. MIL‐53(Fe) exhibits a significant surface area and precise pore structure, so it was a good choice for this study. MIL‐53(Fe) was synthesized by solvothermal method, and [Cu (CH3COO)2.H2O]1.0@MIL‐53(Fe) and [Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O]0.5@MIL‐53(Fe) were prepared by immersion of the MOF in aqueous solution of [Cu (CH3COO)2.H2O] and [Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O], respectively. Then, the [MO]x@MIL‐53(Fe) nanocomposites were prepared by thermal treatment of [Cu (CH3COO)2.H2O]1.0@MIL‐53(Fe) and [Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O]0.5@MIL‐53(Fe) at 310°C and 290°C in N2 atmosphere, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, X‐ray powder diffraction, inductively coupled plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, energy‐dispersive spectrometer‐mapping, and thermogravimetric analysis analyses were proved the successful synthesis of these compounds. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the composites was assessed against both Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).

Fe3O4-SiO2-MIL-53 (Fe) nanocomposite for magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of cadmium (II) at trace levels prior to HR-CS-FAAS detection.

A magnetic metal-organic framework Fe3O4-SiO2-MIL-53 (Fe) nanocomposite was synthesized for magnetic dispersion micro-solid phase extraction (M-d-µSPE) of cadmium in water, spice, chocolate, tea, and tobacco samples prior to the detection by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Fe3O4-SiO2-MIL-53 (Fe) nanocomposite fabricated using the solvothermal technique was characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The extraction efficiency of the method was improved by optimizing the experimental factors. After optimization, the linearity range for Cd (II) was 4.3-500µgL-1. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.3 and 4.3µgL-1, respectively. The presented magnetic dispersion-micro solid phase extraction method was applied to Cd (II) analysis in food and some environmental samples.

Graphitic carbon nitride/MIL-88B(Fe) nanocomposite for methylene blue dye removal from aqueous solution by UV-visible light active photo-Fenton Reaction

Graphitic carbon nitride/MIL-88B(Fe) nanocomposite for methylene blue dye removal from aqueous solution by UV-visible light active photo-Fenton Reaction

Phytofabrication, characterization, and evaluation of novel bioinspired selenium–iron (Se–Fe) nanocomposites using Allium sativum extract for bio-potential applications

Abstract Green nano-chemistry is an advanced research route covering eco-friendly fabrication approaches for synthesizing bimetallic nanocomposites (NCs) to enhance their therapeutic properties. The current study aims to phytofabrication, characterization, and bio-potential evaluation of novel selenium–iron (Se–Fe) NCs by utilizing garlic extract. The morphological and physicochemical features of Se–Fe NCs were evaluated by UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and Zeta potential analysis. The findings showed that garlic cloves extract was a promising capping and reducing agent for the formulation of the NC. To explore the antioxidant potential of a bioinspired Se–Fe NC, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays were performed. Furthermore, antioxidant efficacy was confirmed through antimicrobial activities against clinical pathogens. Phytosynthesized Se–Fe NCs (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) showed a dose-dependent response. Higher concentrations of Se–Fe NCs impose a more potent antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. The astonishing findings suggest that phytochemicals in Allium sativum extract are useful reducing agents in the formulation of well-defined Se–Fe NCs, and such NCs could act as competitive inhibitors against pathogens. To the extent of our understanding, Se–Fe NC is the first time synthesized and demonstrates the distinctiveness of green chemistry and will give multifunctional applications in nano-biotechnology.

Heterostructured Ag@MOF-801/MIL-88A(Fe) Nanocomposite as a Biocompatible Photocatalyst for Degradation of Reactive Black 5 under Visible Light.

Heterostructured Ag@MOF-801/MIL-88A(Fe) nanocomposite was synthesized through template effects in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). MIL-88A(Fe) was fabricated on a MOF-801 template using the internal extended growth method (IEGM) via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the structure-director agent to create the MIL-88A(Fe)-on-MOF-801 heterostructure. The MOF-801/MIL-88A(Fe) heterostructure was used as a template for the formation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) inside it via a double solvents method (DSM) combined with a photoreduction route (PR). To characterize synthesized samples to a high level of detail, PXRD, FT-IR, EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, TEM, DRS, PL, EIS, and Mott-Sckottky measurements were used. The resulting Ag@MOF-801/MIL-88A(Fe) nanocomposite demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity of 91.72% for the degradation of Reactive Black 5, after 30 min under visible light irradiation.

Physical, electrochemical, and catalytic attributes of Mx–Bi–V–O (Mx = Al, Fe, Co, and Ni) nanocomposites for the fabrication of chromene derivatives

Physical, electrochemical, and catalytic attributes of Mx–Bi–V–O (Mx = Al, Fe, Co, and Ni) nanocomposites for the fabrication of chromene derivatives

Investigation through the antimicrobial activity of electrospun PCL nanofiber mats with green synthesized Ag–Fe nanoparticles

Wound or device infections with drug resistant microorganisms are a major challenge in medicine that could increase morbidity and mortality rate, with a great financial burden on the health care system. Nanofibers with antimicrobial coating have been widely applied in wound dressing and tissue engineering to decrease the risk of infections. In the present study, Ag–Fe core-shell NPs were green synthesized by applying Ducrosia anethifolia plant extracted as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The novel nanocomposites by a combination of Ag–Fe and polymeric polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were produced. Synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized using several physical and mechanical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering method (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), and tensile test. The mean size of the synthesized Ag and Ag–Fe core-shell nanoparticles were 4.1 and 18.4 nm. Silver nanoparticles were successfully coated with Fe shell and nearly spherical core-shell shape. SEM images showed that PCL nanofibers have an average size of 265 nm. The results revealed that the increase in the Ag–Fe core-shell NPs' concentration leads to the smaller size of nanofibers. The antimicrobial properties of Ag–Fe core-shell and PCL/Ag–Fe nanocomposites were evaluated against some clinically important bacteria and fungi. Also, the cytotoxicity of PCL/Ag–Fe nanocomposites on fibroblast cells Natural man (NHDF) was assessed for 24, 48, and 72 h. The results of the study confirmed minimal cellular toxicity and considerable antimicrobial properties of green synthesized PCL/Ag–Fe nanocomposites, especially against some drug resistant pathogens, which could be promising new insight to improve the PCL-based composites applications in wound dressings or medical devices.

Study of Antimicrobial Potency of Synthesized Cellulose-Based Nanocomposite Films Incorporating Bi-Fe-Sn Trimetallic Microcrystalline Using Terminalia arjuna Leaf Extract for Packaging and Medicinal Applications

In this work, cellulose-based nanocomposite films having trimetallic (Bi, Fe, and Sn) nanoparticles were prepared by green adaptive methodology using Terminalia arjuna leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Then, they were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The color change of microcrystalline cellulose films revealed the formation of the trimetallic (Bi, Fe, Sn) nanoparticles. Characteristics absorption peaks for reducing functional groups indicated the presence and role of the plant material used; moreover, the presence of various bands in FTIR spectra below 1000 cm−1 was indicative of the formation of (Bi, Fe, and Sn) nanocomposites. These synthesized nanomaterials were also tested for their antimicrobial potency against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Positive outcomes designated their potential to be adopted for biomedical applications and in food packaging as an alternative of synthetic plastics to control pollution.

One-step solid-state synthesis of Mx-ZnBi2O4–Bi2O3 (Mx = Fe, Co, Ni, Eu, and Ho) nanocomposites and catalytic production of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones

One-step solid-state synthesis of Mx-ZnBi2O4–Bi2O3 (Mx = Fe, Co, Ni, Eu, and Ho) nanocomposites and catalytic production of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones

Fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheet/Bi5O7Br/NH2-MIL-88B (Fe) nanocomposites: Double S-scheme photocatalysts with impressive performance for the removal of antibiotics under visible light

Fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheet/Bi5O7Br/NH2-MIL-88B (Fe) nanocomposites: Double S-scheme photocatalysts with impressive performance for the removal of antibiotics under visible light