Fatty Acid Composition Of Fractions Research Articles

Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant compounds from the fruiting body of an edible mushroom, Agrocybe aegerita.

In the search for bioactive natural products from edible mushrooms, we have investigated the fruiting body of Agrocybe aegerita. The methanol extract of this mushroom yielded a fatty acid fraction (FAF), along with palmitic acid (1), ergosterol (2), 5,8-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22-dien-3beta-ol (3), mannitol (4) and trehalose (5). The composition of FAF was confirmed by GC-MS and by comparison to the retention values of authentic samples of palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids. The structures of 1-5 were established using spectroscopic methods. FAF and compounds 1-3 showed cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The inhibition values of liposome peroxidation by FAF, compounds 1 and 2 at 100 microg/ml were 75, 45, and 43%, respectively. The inhibition values of COX-I enzyme by FAF and 1-3 at 100 microg/ml were 80, 39, 19, and 57%, respectively. Similarly, COX-II enzyme activity was reduced by FAF and 1-3 at 100 microg/ml with values of 88, 45, 28, and 22%, respectively. Compounds 1, 3 and fatty acids were isolated here for the first time from the fruiting body of A. aegerita.

Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant compounds from the mycelia of the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa.

The bioassay-guided isolation and purification of the hexane extract of the cultured mycelia of Grifola frondosa led to the characterization of a fatty acid fraction and three compounds, ergosterol (1), ergostra-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (2), and 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol (3). The composition of fatty acid fraction was confirmed as palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids by GC-MS and by comparison with the retention values of authentic samples. The structures of compounds 1-3 were established by spectroscopic methods. The fatty acid fraction and compounds 1-3 showed cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The inhibition of COX-1 enzyme by the fatty acid fraction and compounds 1-3 at 250 microg/mL were 98, 37, 55, and 67%, respectively. Similarly, COX-2 enzyme activity was reduced by fatty acid fraction and compounds 1-3 at 250 microg/mL by 99, 37, 70, and 4%, respectively. The inhibitions of liposome peroxidation by the fatty acid fraction and compounds 1 and 2 at 100 microg/mL were 79, 48, and 42%, respectively. This is the first report of compounds 2 and 3 from the cultured mycelia of G. frondosa. The COX inhibitory activities of compounds 1-3 are reported here for the first time.

Smooth and wrinkled peas. 2. Distribution of protein, lipid, and fatty acids in seed and milling fractions

The yield, protein and lipid distribution, and fatty acid composition of fractions from roller-milling of smooth and wrinkled pea seeds were compared with the composition of hand-dissected germ, whole cotyledon, and hull and pea cotyledon layers removed by abrasion. When peas were abraded to remove up to 65% of the kernel, there was a gradual decrease in protein and lipid; the protein and lipid concentrations in the residual 35% were only about 75% and 50%, respectively, of that in the original seed. Both protein and lipid concentrations decreased from shorts, to reduction flour, to break flour, and to bran. Linoleic acid was the main fatty acid. In smooth peas, oleic acid was higher in germ lipid than in the cotyledon lipid

Fatty acids of the ameboid sperm of Ascaris suum (nematoda)

Abstract 1. 1. Total lipids were extracted from the ameboid sperm of Ascaris suum and separated into neutral, glyco- and polar lipid fractions by silicic acid column chromatography and preparative TLC. 2. 2. The fatty acid composition of fractions was determined by gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. 3. 3. Six saturated: (12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 20:0, 22:0) and sixteen unsaturated (14:1, 14:2, 16:1, 16:2, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, 20:2, 20:4, 20:5, 22:1, 22:3, 22:4, 22:5, 22:6, 24:1) fatty acids were identified in the sperm extract. One saturated (18:0; 12%) and five unsaturated (18:1, 18:2, 20:1, 20:2, 22:1; 74%) fatty acids represented 86% of the total. 4. 4. The major neutral lipid component of the sperm migrated as a free fatty acid when analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). This component was purified by preparative TLC; GLC analysis indicated that it contained five major fatty acids identified as 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1 and 20:2.

Molecular species of liver triglycerides during development of [formula omitted][formula omitted

Triglycerides from embryonic chick livers at various developmental stages (13th, 17th and 21st day) were resolved into twelve groups of molecular species differing in their unsaturation degree and fatty acid composition. The relative abundance of each fraction was determined. SM 2 fractions underwent a nearly three-fold increase between 13th and 21st day of embryonic development, whereas S 2H+SMH species decreased from 32.7% to 11.2% during the same period. Nevertheless, on a wet tissue basis only the SM 2 group showed a marked increase throughout that interval. Fatty acid composition of fractions remained practically constant from one stage to another, the only exception being the group SM 2 for which some significant changes were noticed.

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids folowing a single intake of thyroxine.

ABSTRACT Studies of serum lipids and of the fatty acid composition of the main fractions were performed in a 17-year-old girl following a large single oral intake of 1-thyroxine. Cholesterol and phospholipids values decreased markedly. These changes were followed by pronounced disturbances in the fatty acid composition of these fractions, with a lowering of linoleic acid, and an increase in arachidonic acid percentages. Other changes were increased oleic acid in the cholesterol esters, and increased eicosatrienoic acid in the phospholipids. The changes were in accordance with findings made in patients with long standing thyrotoxicosis. They support the hypothesis that increased synthesis of arachidonic from linoleic acid contributes to the linoleic acid deficiency seen in thyrotoxicosis. The serum lipids and values for fatty acid composition showed a tendency to return to the original levels within 10 to 15 days. However, in the phospholipids some of the very long-chained fatty acids decreased during the 40-day observation period.

INFLUENCE OF SEX AND POSTMORTEM AGING ON INTRAMUSCULAR AND SUBCUTANEOUS BOVINE LIPIDS

SUMMARY –Fifteen wholesale beef ribs from an equal number (5) of half‐sib bulls, steers and heifers were used to study the changes in subcutaneous (SQ) and longissimus dorsi intramuscular (IM) lipids at 2, 7, 14 and 21 days post‐mortem (PM). The progressively increasing free fatty acid (FFA) levels observed in both depots with time PM were paralleled by fatty acid composition changes. During the aging period the content of C14:0 in the FFA fraction decreased from 11.7–5.8%; the level of C18:1 increased from 42.6–49.7%. Cholesterol and phospholipid levels did not change with PM aging. PM aging had no effect on the composition of the IM phospholipid class, suggesting that autoxidation does not readily occur during aging of fresh beef ribs. Fatty acid composition of the bull IM lipid fractions frequently differed from the fatty acid composition of these fractions in heifers or steers; the latter two sexes had similar fatty acid compositions in their IM lipid fractions. In the SQ triglyceride fraction, heifers had higher and lower levels of C18:1 and C16:0, respectively, when compared to both bulls and steers. Traces of C22:6 were present in the IM free fatty acid fraction of heifers, whereas 3.2 and 4.1% were present in the FFA of steers and bulls, respectively. Rib steaks from heifers had significantly (P < .05) higher sensory panel scores for aroma and lower IM and SQ levels of FFA when compared to bulls. A significant (P < .01) correlation of ‐0.49 was obtained between aroma score and IM levels of FFA.

Lipid fatty acid composition of several areas of the aorta in subjects with atherosclerosis.

SummaryThe cholesterol ester, triglyceride and phospholipid fatty acid composition (gas-liquid chromatography) of aortic media, thickened intima and plaque material were determined in 6 human subjects. For comparison, the fatty acid composition of those fractions in serum was determined in 6 subjects (aged 55-70 years) with occlusive atherosclerosis in a good nutritional status. The triglyceride fraction of those tissues and serum were similar in their fatty acid composition. Some slight differences were noted in the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fractions, most notably in the arachidonic and long chain fatty acids. The cholesterol ester fraction of the tissues studied showed the greatest differences in fatty acid composition. Both early and advanced plaques had significantly less linoleic and more oleic acid in that fraction than serum or media. Media and serum CEFA were similar in their fatty acid composition. The significance of these findings in relation to atherogenesis is discussed.