Occupation Of Father Research Articles

Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse among School Students in a Sub-Metropolitan City

INTRODUCTION: Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development. The objective was focused to measure the effectiveness of educational intervention on knowledge regarding child abuse among school students at Janakpurdham, submetropolitan city.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in Janaki higher secondary english school, at Janakpurdham, Dhanusha. One group pre-test and post-test design was used. A self- administered structured questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge regarding child abuse among participants. Differential and inferential statistics were used to analyse data by SPSS package.
 RESULTS: Out of total 44 participants, 12 (27.3%) participants had poor level of knowledge in pre-test whereas none had poor knowledge in post-test. 25 (56.8%) participants had average level of knowledge in pre-test but only 15 (34.1%) had average level in post- test. 7 (15.9%) participants had good level of knowledge in pre-test, however 29 (65.9%) had good level of knowledge in post-test. The scores of pre-test 18.80 (3.87) and post-test 24.23 (2.78) were found to be statistically significant. There was no any association between level of knowledge in pre-test and post-test with their selected socio-demographic variables except sex, education status of mother and occupation of father in post-test.
 CONCLUSIONS: Majority of participants had average level of knowledge in pre-test that was increased to good knowledge in post-test. The scores of pre-test and post-test were found to be statistically significant which determined the effectiveness of educational intervention programme.

Family's socioeconomic profile at birth and offspring mortality until midlife – The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study

Family's socioeconomic profile collected prenatally is known to predict offspring mortality during early life, but it remains unclear whether it has the potential to predict offspring mortality until later life. In this study, 12,063 individuals belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 were followed up from mid-pregnancy for 52 years (570,000 person years). Five distinct socioeconomic profiles were identified by latent class analysis based on mother's marital status, education, and occupation; father's occupation; number of family members; location of residence, room count, and utilities; and family's wealth. The classes were highest status families (15.4% of the population), small families (22.1%), larger families (15.4%), average wealth families (23.4%), and rural families (23.3%). Their associations to offspring mortality, via linkage to national offspring death records, were analysed by Cox regression, stratified by sex and age groups (0—19, 20—38 and 40–52 years). In total, mortality was 9.2% among male and 5.0% among female offspring. Risk for midlife mortality was higher among male offspring from larger families (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.32—3.63), average wealth families (1.66, 1.02—2.73) and rural families (1.63, 1.00—2.68), relative to offspring from highest status families. It seems that family's socioeconomic profile constructed prenatally has predictive value for midlife mortality among male offspring. Premature mortality of men and women seem to be two distinct phenomena with differing underlying factors as socioeconomic profile was not associated with mortality among female offspring.

Dietary diversity (DD) and associated factors among Lactating women (LW) in Pawie district, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2019: community-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundLow Dietary Diversity (DD) result in severe problem among the vulnerable group in low-income countries (LICs), whose diets are predominantly starchy staples. Lactating Women (LW) from LICs are considered a nutritionally vulnerable group. It results in many consequences on the health and well-being of children, households, communities, and the nation. However, there is little empirical evidence on factors contributing to low DD among LW in Ethiopia and the proposed study site. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the DD and associated factors among LW in Pawie district, Northwest Ethiopia. MethodsA Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 806 LW from March to May 2019 G.C. DD assessed using 24 h dietary recall methods with structured questionnaires.A mean dietary diversity score (DDS) was computed for ten food groups. Food insecurity measured using a 9-item Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The multivariable logistic regression model was used to see the relevant associations. The variables which have a significant association with DD were identified based on AOR, P-value ≤ 0.05, and 95% Cl. ResultsA total of 806 LW aged 15–49 years were interviewed with a response rate of 100%. About two-third of LW had low DD (<5 food groups). Fathers occupation being daily laborer [AOR = 1.82, 95% CI (.339, 9.784)], birth interval less than 24 months [AOR = 3.7, 95 % CI (1.743, 7.885)], family size greater than six members [AOR = 1.55, 95 % CI (1.046, 2.313)] and food insecurity [AOR = 2.23, 95 % CI (1.626, 3.066)] were more likely associated with the low DD among LW compared to their counterpart. ConclusionThe DD among LW was low. Low Dietary Diversity was statistically associated with low birth intervals, large family sizes, and food insecurity. Hence, attention should be paid to the identified factors of low DD of LW to improve their health, and that of their children as well as their family.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Kangaroo Mother Care Among Post Natal Mothers of Low-Birth-Weight Babies at Selected Hospital of Vrindavan, Mathura, U.P.

Abstract: According to the statistical assessment nearly 20 million low-birth-weight (LBW) babies are born each year, because of either preterm birth or impaired prenatal growth, mostly in less developed countries. They contribute substantially to a high rate of neonatal mortality whose frequency and distribution correspond to those of poverty. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an effective way to meet baby’s needs for warmth, breastfeeding, protection from infection, stimulation, safety and love. Kangaroo mother care is care of preterm infants carried skin-to-skin with the mother. It is a powerful, easy-to-use method to promote the health and well-being of infants born preterm as well as full-term. KMC facilitates the initiation and establishment of breastfeeding in small infants and it normalize infant physiology improves weight gain and provide sense of security to the baby. It has been demonstrated that Kangaroo Mother Care is associated with increased survival and reduced hospital. Objectives 1) To assess the level of knowledge among the post-natal mothers of low-birth-weight babies regarding kangaroo mother care in selected hospital of Vrindavan. 2) To correlate the knowledge regarding Kangaroo Mother Care among the post-natal mothers of low-birth-weight babies with selected demographic variables. Methodology: This study was conducted to assess knowledge among the post-natal mothers regarding Kangaroo mother care in selected Hospital in Vrindavan, Mathura and the descriptive study design was selected. Population selected was post-natal mothers and sample size were 60.the consent was taken. The subjects were selected by convenient sampling technique. The structured questionnaires were distributed to the mothers of selected Low birth weight babies to assess their level of regarding Kangaroo Mother Care after obtaining an informed consent. Data was collected by using Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. A significant association was found between knowledge score and type of family and dietary habit whereas no significant association was found with age, religion, occupation of father, educational status of mother, family income and residential status Results: The study revealed that the level of knowledge among the mothers is 42(70%) had inadequate knowledge and 12(20%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 06(10%) had adequate knowledge regarding Kangaroo Mother Care. The chi-square test revealed that there was no significant association with age, occupation, monthly income, place of living, type of marriage, type of family, number of children and but there was significant association between religion. Keywords: Kangaroo mother care, Postnatal, Practice

An Economic Analysis on Years of Schooling of the Children Related to Financial Support from Family and Govt. &amp; Non-Govt. Institutions

This study examined the relationship among father’s education, amount of father’s land (Dec), fathers occupation, any government help, and years of schooling in the rural area at Muktagacha Upazila in Mymensingh Division. Qualitative variables and variables which are quantitative in nature have been used for this study. We have chosen the years of schooling of the children of households as a dependent variable and the selected independent variables are father's education, fathers land amount, fathers occupation, male, rural, number of siblings, age antigovernment help. A convenient sampling procedure has been used in our research. Questionnaire and structured interview were the research instruments. Not only an urban area is counted for research but also rural households are counted for data collection about school-going children. We conducted our research by using primary data.

Effectiveness of Near Peer Learning on Knowledge and Habit Making Regarding Prevention of Water Borne Diseases among Primary School Children – A Pilot Study

Near peer learning is an educational practice in which children interact with their peers or friends attain educational objectives. In simpler terms children involved in this type of learning are seniors and juniors of the same school or college. Learners are more comfortable and relaxed, and ready to learn when teacher is their peer, whom they know and understand. At the same time, it develops communication skill, leadership skills and confidence of public dealings in the teacher peer. In recent days, near peer teaching and learning becoming popular as learning methodology in schools and colleges. It involves students exposed to similar circumstances, from same educational programme, but at different levels. Research question of the study is ‘Is Near Peer learning effective on improving knowledge and habit making regarding prevention of waterborne diseases among primary school children?’&#x0D; This study was carried out systematically to assess the effectiveness of structured Near Peer learning, where a senior student teaches regarding prevention of waterborne diseases to junior students. Here the subject selected for structured near peer learning is “prevention of waterborne diseases”. Elder children of age group 13-14 years taught their near peers of age group 9-10 years, regarding prevention of waterborne diseases with special attention on improving personal hygiene and hand hygiene. The researcher assessed the effectiveness of structured Near peer learning regarding prevention of water borne diseases, in increasing the knowledge and improving the habits related to Personal hygiene and Hand washing, among primary school children. An evaluative research approach with one group pre test post test design was adopted. In the study, 4 students of 13-14 years age group were selected and researcher taught them regarding prevention of waterborne diseases. 40 primary school children of age group 9-12 years, constituting both boys and girls were also selected through convenient sampling technique. Then one elder child taught 10 younger children regarding same. Pretest and post test done. The questionnaire used were, demographic proforma, knowledge questionnaire, and checklist. Mean pretest was 9.925 and mean post test knowledge was 15.6&#x0D; Mean pretest for practice was 33.5 and mean post test for practice was 42.07. Hand washing mean pretest practice score was 7.075 and post test was 10.095. There was significant association between pre test scores regarding knowledge and practice and education of child, occupation of father and age of child. P_value&lt;0.005.

Effectiveness of Teaching Programme on Knowledge of GNM - II Year Students regarding Prevention of Needle Stick Injuries at Ancillary Medical Training School, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar

Background: Though mostly needle stick injuries cause just minor trauma and bleeding, yet, even without trauma and bleeding, the danger of contamination and infection remains. Thus, a needle stick injury may represent a hazard for a patient if the injured health professional carries hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or human immunodeficiency virus. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of teaching programme on knowledge of GNM-II year students regarding prevention of needle stick injuries at Ancillary Medical Training School, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar. Methods: In this study, a total of 50 GNM - II year students were included fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was used as the research tool. Demographic variables such as place of residence, educational status of father, educational status of mother, occupation of father, occupation of mother, and previous exposure to information related to needle stick injuries were obtained. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that there was a statistically significant association between the pre-test knowledge scores of study subjects with and previous exposure to information (p = 0.007) while no significant association was found between the pre-test knowledge scores of study subjects and other demographic variables like residence (p = 0.785), educational status of father (p = 0.435), educational status of mother (p = 0.345), occupation of father (p = 0.851) and occupation of mother (p = 0.881). Conclusion: This study reveals the importance of educational programmes, skill training programmes, conferences, workshops and educational meetings to enhance the nursing students’ knowledge regarding the prevention of needle stick injuries.

Socioeconomic selectivity of Japanese migration to the continental United States during the Age of Mass Migration

ABSTRACT This study explores the socioeconomic selectivity of Japanese male immigrants who migrated to the continental United States (US) during the Age of Mass Migration (mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century) by comparing the US administrative records of Japanese long-term immigrants interned during World War 2 (WRA records) with a Japanese social survey of non-migrants (SSM survey). Both data contained information on educational attainment in Japan, the father's occupation in Japan, birth cohort, and birth prefecture. The analysis revealed positive educational selectivity of the long-term migration of both secondary- and tertiary school-educated Japanese males in all the migratory time periods. The selectivity of secondary school-educated Japanese males was especially strong and extended to males from all family backgrounds and all Japanese prefectures. Given the strong middle-class nature of secondary and tertiary education in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century in Japan, the results showed that first-generation Japanese immigrants were positively selected in terms of their socioeconomic status. These findings are important because the growing literature on socioeconomic selection in migration during the Age of Mass Migration has predominantly focused on transatlantic (Europe–US) migration and has largely neglected transpacific migration from Asia.

Inequalities in immunization coverage in Indonesia: a multilevel analysis.

Immunization is one of the most cost-effective methods for reducing mortality and morbidity rates in children. Children being fully vaccinated helps prevent diseases that would have great societal costs otherwise. Incomplete vaccination poses public health risks and challenges. This study examines the issue of incomplete vaccination in Indonesia. The objectives were to quantify the association between child level, parent level and community level determinants and child immunization coverage in Indonesia. Data were from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey; this study included 4753 children aged 12-24 months. The survey implemented multistage random sampling. The data were examined using descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression analysis. The survey found that in Indonesia, country-wide, 58.22% of children were fully vaccinated. A multilevel logistic regression model after adjusting for household wealth and proportion of public healthcare centers (PHCs) showed that children of first birth order had significantly lower likelihood of being fully immunized than children of second order and higher. The parent level factors, such as age of mother at delivery, mother's education, father's occupation, antenatal care (ANC) and region, significantly influenced the completeness of child immunization. At the community level, the presence of a PHC significantly improved immunization coverage. The findings indicate that there is a wide range of inequality in immunization throughout the region due to socioeconomic and demographic factors. Findings revealed that complete immunization status was significantly associated with birth order, age of mother at delivery, mother's education, father's occupation, ANC, region, and proportion of PHCs. This study emphasizes the need to increase healthcare centers in each community with the objective to reduce disparities in maternal and child health services.

The advantage of daughters in hypogamous families: parental heterogamy and educational outcomes among children of highly educated parents

ABSTRACT Increasing female educational attainment across OECD countries is making hypogamy a widespread phenomenon. This trend provides an opportunity to re-examine the effects of educational assortative mating on children's educational outcomes. This research explores the effects of hypergamy, homogamy, and hypogamy on gender differences in children's expectation of university graduation and actual college graduation. For the first purpose, logistic regression with country fixed-effects is applied to individual-level data from PISA 2015; a similar analysis is carried out for the second purpose with data from the European Social Survey. Three characteristics make us expect higher female advantage among children of hypogamous couples: higher probability of mothers being the main family breadwinner; higher probability of gender value conflict, eventually leading to family breakup and the father's absence; and the possibility that the father's occupation discourages sons from pursuing higher education. A systematic female advantage is indeed found among children of hypogamous couples in terms of expectation of college graduation and actual college graduation. Among the possible mechanisms behind this female advantage, only the father's and the mother's occupation could be explored with the data at hand, but none of them explain this advantage.

Hygiene Hypothesis and Occupational Asthma to Vegetable Textile Dusts: A Pilot Study

Background: Over the last decades, the prevalence of allergic manifestations has increased significantly. To explain the increase in the prevalence of asthma, Strachan advanced the Hygiene Hypothesis, which states that decreased exposure to infectious microorganisms in infancy may have contributed to changes in the maturation of the immune system during childhood. To the best of our knowledge, no analytical studies detailing the links between the Hygiene Hypothesis and occupational allergy have been carried out to date. Objective: To study the relations between the factors involved in the Hygiene Hypothesis and the occurrence of occupational asthma (OA) to vegetable textile dusts. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from September 2017 to September 2018. The cases and controls were enrolled from the occupational medicine department of the University Hospital “Farhat Hached” of Sousse (Tunisia) among patients attending from 2009 to 2016. The case group was composed of patients diagnosed with OA to vegetable textile dusts. Controls were age and gender matched, working in the textile sector and not suffering from any allergic diseases. Results: A total of 57 OA cases and 112 controls were enrolled. Four factors involved in the Hygiene Hypothesis were independently associated with OA to vegetable textile dusts: the lowest rank in siblings (p=0.037; ORa=0.14; 95% CI= [0.02-0.90]); contact with animals (p=0.006; ORa=0.22; 95% CI= [0.08-0.65]) especially cats; history of parasitic and/or mycotic infections in childhood (p=0.004; ORa=0.035; 95% CI= [0.004-0.35]) and history of viral infections in childhood (p&lt;10-3; ORa=0.028; 95% CI= [0.01-0.14]). Other factors had a protective effect, such as the parents' low socioeconomic level and the father's occupation as a farmer. Conclusion: The microorganism-rich environment during childhood is an important model for understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of allergic asthma. Our data suggest that prevention of OA in adults might require early intervention in childhood.

Hypertension and its determinants among school going adolescents in selected urban slums of Nagpur city, Maharashtra: A cross-sectional study

Problem consideredEarly detection of hypertension and its risk factors are considered the best possible intervention to avoid complications later in life. Our study was conducted to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its determinants among adolescents of selected schools in slums of Nagpur city, India. MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among 910 school students of Class-VI to IX studying at selected government schools of Nandanvan area, Nagpur city, Central India. A questionnaire for diet, behaviour and mental health was adapted from the Global School Health Survey Questionnaire. Children were considered hypertensive if the systolic or diastolic BP or both were ≥95th centile considering height, age and sex. ResultsWe found 10.6% and 12.9% were pre-hypertensive and hypertensive respectively. Inadequate physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle were reported in 62.3% and 22.7%. In adjusted analysis, father's occupation, family history of Hypertension, mental health symptoms and overweight had significantly increased odds of developing hypertension. ConclusionAs prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors are high amongst the school students, the need to develop school based focused intervention is paramount.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Blood Donation among Non Medical Students of selected Colleges of Mount Abu, (Rajasthan)

Introduction: Blood transfusion is a medical procedure that is designed to provide patients who need Blood or blood products to correct a defect .Secure supply of safe blood components; Based on voluntary, non-remunerated blood donation is an important national goal to Prevent blood shortages. Now a day, in many low and middle income countries, blood Supply is critically inadequate. We therefore set out to determine knowledge regarding Blood donation among non-medical students. Design: A Descriptive Survey research design. Participants: 100 Non Medical Students were selected using Probability Simple random sampling technique in selected colleges of Mount Abu, Rajasthan. Tool: Self Structured Questionnaire was used to assess the level of Knowledge of Non Medical Students regarding Blood Donation. Results: In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the Age group 50% (20- 22), Gender 54% (Female), Religion 90% (Hindu), Residence 46% (Rural), Monthly Income 644% (less than 10000), father education 36% (primary education), mother’s education 64% (no formal education), father occupation 50% (others), mothers occupation 88% (house wife). Majority of students (46%) of non-medical students were having poor knowledge regarding blood donation, (32%) having average knowledge, (18%) having good knowledge and only 4% having excellent knowledge. Findings revealed that there was significant association between age and level of knowledge at 0.05.Conclusion: The result of study clearly shows that there is poor knowledge regarding blood donation among Non-Medical Students. Further research and multi centric studies required to assess the real problem behind their lacking knowledge.

Iodine Status of School Age Children 6-12 Years in Umuahia South LGA of Abia State, Nigeria

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders have continued to be a significant health problem in some Nigerian communities despite universal salt iodization. Objective: This study was designed to assess the iodine status of school age children (6-12 years) in Umuahia South LGA of Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 414 school children were studied. Urine samples were obtained from 84 school children, 30 males and 54 females. The background and socio-economic information, food habit and dietary intake of the respondents were determined using validated questionnaires. Urinary iodine concentration analysis, using Sandell-Kolthoff reaction was used to determine the iodine status of the children. Chi-square was used to determine the relationship between urinary iodine status of the children and the socio-economic characteristics of their parents. Results: More than half (58.7%) of the children were females while 40.5% were males. About a quarter of the children (40.1%) were 9-10 years, 23.4% were 11-12 years while 36.5% were 6-8 years. Most of the respondents (72.2%) were aware of iodized salt; 14.3% heard about iodized salt from friends, 41.8% heard from the media while 13% heard about iodized salt from the market. Majority of the respondents (94.4%) claimed they consume iodized salt while 4.9% said they use salts that were measured in cups which was not iodized salt. The study revealed that 54.3% of the school children had optimal iodine status while 35.7% had mild iodine deficiency which was higher in males (46.7%) than in females (29.6%). About 5.6% of the respondents had grade 1 goiter. There was a significant association (p&lt; 0.05) between urinary iodine status of the school children and educational status of their fathers’, mothers’, parents’ occupation and income level of fathers. Conclusion: Nutrition education should be aimed at mothers, caregivers, and school children to promote consumption of iodine rich foods.

Do Nursing Students Have High Social Intelligence? Findings from Selected Nursing College, South India

Background: Social intelligence is the capacity to know oneself and to know others. Social intelligence can be expressed as a measure of social awareness, social skills and social information process. Nursing is a career, which demands high level of social intelligence. The aim of the present study was to describe the social intelligence among nursing students in a selected nursing college, south India.Methods: Descriptive survey design was used to conduct the study among 323 Nursing students South India. After getting ethical clearance and informed consent from the subjects the data were collected during the month in March 2020 using the standardised tool “Tromso Social Intelligence Scale”. Cluster random sampling was used to conduct the study. Nursing students currently undergoing their course are included in the study and those who were suspended or dismissed from their course or absent during the time of data collection were excluded from the study.Results: Among 323 subjects’ majority 229 (70.9 %) were in &lt;20 years of age. Most of the subjects 315 (97.5%) were females. The subjects are studying in the first, second, third and fourth year of the course. Two hundred and thirty (71.2 %) are belonged to rural community. The average social intelligence score is around 90 [Q1= 85, Q3= 95]. It is observed that variables such as age, year of study and occupation of father are significantly associated with Social intelligence score [p&lt;0.05].Conclusions: From the present study, it is observed that nursing students are equipped with good levels of social intelligence.

Ethnic Capital and Class Reproduction: Comparing the Impact of Socio-Economic Status on Children's Educational Attainment Across Ethno-Religious Groups in Israel

This article investigates the relationships between ethnicity, class, and prospects of educational success. For this purpose, we compared the effects of family socio-economic characteristics on children's educational attainment in four ethno-religious groups in Israel (Muslim, Christian, and Druze Palestinians; Jews). Information from the 1995 census on the households with at least one child born in the cohort of 1975-1985 is matched with Ministry of Education records on all those who achieved matriculation certificates and academic degrees between 1995 and 2012. The results show that the educational outcomes of Christian and Druze children are less dependent on their family characteristics compared to Muslim and Jewish children. We suggest that the disadvantage of Palestinian schools in a Jewish-dominated state is offset by the tougher competition Jewish children from disadvantaged strata face in schools attended by those from affluent strata. Family background is more important for academic degrees than for the matriculation certificate. Furthermore, the education and occupation of mothers and fathers both have an equally important impact on child outcomes.

Child Temperament and Academic Performances among Kindergarteners

The study examined the relationship between child temperament and academic performances among kindergarteners in the Wa East and Wa West districts of the upper west region of Ghana. A sample of 150 fathers were selected at random from the two districts to participate in the study. Children of the fathers selected were made of 69 boys and 81girls. Self-reported data from questionnaires were used to examine the relationship between child temperament and academic performances among the kindergarten children of the selected region. Analyses of the data revealed that low intensity, anger/frustration, attentional focusing, fear, and falling reactivity/soothability characteristics of child temperament categories predicted the academic performances of the kindergarten children within the two districts. It was also realized from the study that the occupation of fathers exhibited significant relationship with the academic performances of the kindergarten children. However, child gender, their ages and that of fathers’, fathers’ income levels, and the districts of origin showed no relationship with the academic performances of the kindergarten children. It is hereby recommended that behavioral disorder/disability centers should be established at kindergarten centers to guide and counsel practice on behave management and practices.

Study on nutritional status among children up to five years at tertiary care hospital, HIMS, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh

Background: Undernutrition makes children in particular much more vulnerable to disease and death; around 45% of deaths among children up to 5 years of age are linked to undernutrition and these mostly occur in low and middle-income countries. Malnutrition increases health care costs, reduces productivity, and slows economic growth, which can perpetuate a cycle of poverty and ill-health. Objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of underweight (weight-for-age), sociodemographic profile and to determination of differences exist by gender.Methods: The present study was hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from June 2019 to December 2019. The sample size calculated was 410, and accounting for 10% nonresponsive, the sample size calculated was 451. The data obtained were compiled and entered in MS-excel 2010 and analysed by using institutional SPSS (22.0).Results: Male children 230 (51.0%) was observed higher proportion as compared to female children 221 (49.0%) and same preponderance difference was found among underweight children. Literate fathers belong to 332 (73.6%) children and illiterate fathers belong to 96 (53.0%) underweight children. literate mother belongs to highly significant 283 (62.8%) children and illiterate mothers belong to highly significant 105 (58.0%) underweight children. Majority of father occupation belongs to other type job 294 (65.2) whereas labour occupation mostly belongs to underweight children 109 (60.2%) highly significant and most of the housewives belong to normal children 361 (80.1%) and underweight children 119 (65.8%) highly significant.Conclusions: Health education on nutrition to parents would be beneficiary for underweight children.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Vitamin A in the Treatment of Idiopathic Microscopic Hematuria in Children

Background: Hematuria is a symptom with a prevalence of 0.5% to 2% in those aged 5 - 12 years. Different factors can influence the severity of hematuria, including vitamin A (as a micronutrient). Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of vitamin A on hematuria in children. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 156 children aged 5 - 12 years with Idiopathic Microscopic Hematuria are studied. Participants were divided into two groups of treatment and control (each with 76 subjects). Those in the treatment group received vitamin A as a pearl of 25000 in 14 days, in addition to the routine treatment. The control group only received routine handling. The basic information of patients were recorded using an author-develop form by the supervisor and intern. Urine samples were collected on 14, 28, and 42 days. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Statistical significance was considered when P-value &lt; 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning gender (P = 0.202), age (P = 0.330), father's education (P = 0.152), mother's education (P = 0.392), father's occupation (P = 0.125), mother's occupation (P = 0.265), and numbers of children in the family (P = 0.209) variables. Hematuria status on days 14 (P = 0.014), 28 (P = 0.001), and 42 after treatment (P = 0.001) was statistically more positive in the vitamin A group. Hence, there was a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Vitamin A can reduce idiopathic microscopic hematuria. Hence, vitamin can be used as an alternative treatment to treat idiopathic hematuria in children.

Socio-demographic factors on food insecurity among rural school going children in Bangladesh

Background: This study aimed to assess the extent of socio-demographic factors that affect food insecurity among rural school going children.&#x0D; Methods: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 rural school going children (class 4 to class I 0) in Saltha upaziila of Faridpur district, Bangladesh from January-December, 2019. Children providing assent after getting consent from their parents were inducted as study participants. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the food insecurity and socio-demographic variables. The study was conducted in Saltha upaziila of Faridpur district, Bangladesh from January-December, 2019&#x0D; Results: Among the participants about 59.3% were moderately food insecure which means they were deprived of psychological and physical access to food. 53.7% were female and 88.3% of them were Muslims , 30.7% were from class 8, 70.7% were from nuclear family, 93% had siblings , 92% resided into house on their own land , 78.5% had own agricultural land and in 52.7% cases participant's father were farmer and their mean income was 98208.18 ± 13618.196 Taka per. 35.2% lived in both Semi Pucca house and Tin Shade house and 7 I% had domestic animal in their hou se, such as goat, sheep, cow, duck, hen etc., 41.5% had television in their house but 52% didn't have refrigerator in their house. There was a statistically significant relationship between food insecurity and age of participants (p- 0.000),educational status (p- 0.000),head of family (p- 0.008),occupation of father (p- 0.0IO). yearly ineome of family member (p-0.000), house type (p-0.000).&#x0D; Conclusion: National policies and programs need to stress on how to improve family income earning capacity and socioeconomic status to handle food insecurity.&#x0D; JOPSOM 2020; 39(1): 67-72