Father Education Research Articles

A Case Control Study on Risk Factors of Obesity Among Adolescents

Background: Adolescence is the transition period from childhood to adulthood and adolescent obesity can lead to systemic complications affecting the quality of life in later stages. This study aimed to assess the risk factors of obesity among school children of adolescent age.
 Methods: This Case control study included 110 obese and 110 non-obese adolescents between 10 and 17 years of age. Children with Body Mass Index (BMI) >+2 SD of WHO growth reference median for their age and sex were included as cases. Children with BMI between -2SD and +1SD were included as controls. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software.
 Results: The risk factors which showed a statistically significant association with adolescent obesity were less educated father and mother, being a single child in the family, adolescents from nuclear type of family, having an obese parent, increased waist hip ratio and lack of exclusive breastfeeding during infancy.
 Conclusion: Educating children and parents on the importance of preventing obesity and harmful effects of adolescent obesity is the need of the hour. This can be done through intensive health education campaigns in community and schools, and regular reinforcement on primary preventive measures.

48-72 Aylık Çocukların Gelişimlerinin Selçuk Gelişimsel Değerlendirme Envanteri ile Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmada; ebeveyn görüşlerine dayalı, güvenilir, geçerli ve norm referanslı bir gelişimsel değerlendirme aracı ile 48-72 ay aralığındaki çocukların bilişsel gelişim, dil gelişimi, sosyal-duygusal gelişim, kaba motor gelişim, ince motor gelişim ve öz bakım becerilerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Türkiye genelinden; 48-53 ay aralığında 304, 54-59 ay aralığında 218, 60-65 ay aralığında 270 ve 66-72 ay aralığında 307 olmak üzere toplam 1099 katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu ve Selçuk Gelişimsel Değerlendirme Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda gelişim alanlarının yaş gruplarında değişiklik göstermekle birlikte cinsiyet, okul öncesi eğitim kurumuna devam etme, ailedeki toplam çocuk sayısı, anne eğitim durumu ve baba eğitim durumu değişkenlerine göre farklılaştığı görülmüştür.

PARTICIPATION OF YOUNG GENERATION OF PRACTISING DAIRY FARMERS IN FAMILY DAIRY FARMING

The practical exposure or participation offered to the young generation about various tasks related to the occupation is the perfect way to develop family occupational employability or workability. In the occupation like animal husbandry, the young generation must have to practice various tasks on the field on a regular basis if they really want to succeed as adopters of family animal husbandry occupation. The dairy farmers' sons as a future generation are also expected to have the practical exposure related to animal husbandry connected operations to be more successful dairy farmers of the next generation of the family. Considering this, the present study was conducted on a random sample of 200 sons of dairy farmers of Anand and Kheda districts of Gujarat to examine factors influencing the participation of the young generation of practising dairy farmers in family dairy farming. The study concludes that great majority (94.50 per cent) of the young generation of practising dairy farmers in the middle Gujarat had high to a very high level of participation in animal husbandry related operations. The study also reveals that the level of participation in animal husbandry related operations of the young generation of dairy farmers was positively and significantly correlated with their age, marital status, herd size, annual income, scientific orientation and attitude towards farming as a dependable occupation, while it was noticed negatively and significantly correlated with their fathers' education. It shows that the degree of participation of animal husbandry related operations amongst the young generation of dairy farmers was noticed more vigorous amongst those, who had relatively older age, married marital status, bigger herd size, higher annual family income, less educated fathers, high level of orientation towards scientific approaches of life and positive feelings towards farming as an occupation.

Prediction of the Factors Affecting PISA Mathematics Literacy of Students from Different Countries by Using Data Mining Methods

The purpose of this study is to predict the mathematical literacy levels of the students participating in the research through the data obtained from PISA 2015 exam organized by OECD using data mining and to determine the variables that affect mathematics literacy. For this purpose, students' mathematics literacy levels and the variables that affect their mathematics literacy levels were analyzed separately for 6 different countries at different proficiency levels. The population of the research is 519334 students from 72 countries, who have taken PISA 2015 exam. The sample that was determined according to the purpose of the study consists of a total of 34,565 students from Singapore, Japan, Norway, the USA, Turkey, and the Dominican Republic, which have been observed to be at different proficiency levels. In the first stage of the study, analyzes were performed using data mining prediction methods. At this stage, WEKA program was employed and M5P algorithm, which is one of the most common methods, was used. In the second stage of the research, the output variable was predicted from the input variables using Artificial Neural Networks methods to determine the extent to which decision trees obtained by M5P prediction method produce valid results. In the analyzes carried out in MATLAB program, the relationship between students' actual math literacy scores and literacy scores predicted from input variables was examined. As a result of the study, the variables that affect mathematics literacy were found to be the socio-economic status index for Singapore, Norway, the United States, Turkey, and Dominic. On the other hand, the variables influencing mathematics literacy for Japan were found to be mathematics learning time and father's education level. The consistency of the results was as follows: 86.10% for Singapore, 40.26% for Japan, 30.10% for Norway, 39.15% for America, 26.43% for Turkey, and 29.24 % for Dominic. As a result of the study, a differentiation was found among the variables that affect mathematics literacy of the countries at different proficiency levels.

A Cross-Sectional Study to Estimate the Proportion of Early Initiation and Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices in Rural Field Practice Area, Mysore

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the healthiest and easily accessible nutrient to the infants Malnutrition is more prevalentin India and inappropriate feeding practices are the one of the reason. So the current study is conducted to estimate theprevalence of early initiation and exclusive beastfeeding practices and factors influencing on these practices.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 198 mothers of children less than 24 months in the field practicearea of Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore by using simple random sampling method during March2015 to August 2015 by using pretested and semi-structured questionnaire. In our study we found that 70.2% mothersinitiated breastfeeding within 1 hour of delivery, the most common reason for delay was LSCS, 14.6% mothers practicethe prelacteal feed, 92.9% mothers fed colostrum, exclusive breastfeeding(EBF) was practiced in 105 (53%) mothers themost common reason for non-EBF was lack of knowledge 78 (47.6%). Gender, fathers education, socio-economic statusand number of antenatal visits had an influence on breastfeeding practices.Conclusion: Majority of the women not practiced EBF. The knowledge regarding proper breastfeeding practices should beemphasized on each antenatal and postnatal visits. Improved socio-economic status can improve breastfeeding practices.

The Role of Academic Institutions in Instilling a Culture of Accepting Difference among Students: Universities as a Model

This study aims at investigating the role of the academic institutions in instilling the culture of accepting in different domains (religion, women's rights, individual limits and boundaries) in the Jordanian society, and to identify the extent to which there are significant statistical differences among the academic institutions in instilling the culture of accepting differences according to various variables. A questionnaire was designed for stratified random sampling including (644) male and female students from the Jordanian universities in the Northern District. The results reveal that there is a medium level role for academic institutions in instilling the culture of acceptance in different domains (religion, women's rights, individual limits and boundaries). The results have also shown statistical indicative differences attributed to the influence of gender on all aspects except for the aspect of knowing the limits of individuals. However, there are no statistical indicative differences attributed to specialization, place of residence, university, income, father's education, mother's education in all domains of study.

Self-esteem, emotional and behavioral problems, and psychopathology in children with somatic symptoms and related disorders

ABSTRACT 
 Objective: There are few studies in the literature on somatic symptoms and related disorders (SSRD) in children. The aim of this study is to investigate emotional and behavioral difficulties, self-esteem, psychopathology, and clinical characteristics in children with somatic symptoms.
 Method: This study included 44 children with recurrent and distressing somatic complaint(s) and 49 healthy children. The diagnosis of SSRD was evaluated in detail according to DSM-5 criteria. Self-esteem, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and somatization were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Children's Somatization Inventory (CSI-24), respectively.
 Results: Children with somatization had significantly greater rates of having at least one comorbid mental disorder, emotional symptoms scores, and peer relationship problems. On the other hand, these children's prosocial behavior scores (Strengths Score), self-esteem scores, and academic performance were significantly lower than the control group. In addition, children with SSRD had more disadvantaged familial characteristics such as low father education, high family history of psychiatric and medical illness and somatization, high marital problems, and domestic violence.
 Conclusions: This study revealed that somatization in children is associated with increased emotional, peer, and academic problems and psychopathology rates, and low self-esteem and prosocial behaviors. In clinical practice, it would be advisable to evaluate thoroughly children with SSRD in terms of familial disadvantages, emotional, peer, and academic problems, and psychopathology, rather than focusing solely on somatic symptoms.

Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries and the Related Factors among 3-5- Year-Old Children in Babol, Iran.

Statement of the Problem: Regular dental checkups to diagnose early childhood caries (ECC) are critical for maintaining and improving children's oral health and well-being. The prevalence of ECC is important for planning proper oral health programs.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ECC and its related factors in children aged 3 to 5 years at Babol, Iran.Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 children aged 3-5 years in the kindergartens of Babol. Children were examined for dental caries according to World Health Organization criteria. The variables such as age, gender, health, nutritional habits, parents' educational level, parents' job status, and level of dental care were recorded in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square and ANOVA and p< 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Average decayed-missing-filled teeth (dmft) were 4.03±3.6 and 73.2% in children with ECC, while 26.8% were caries-free. A significant association was found between age, snack consumption, father’s education, mother’s job, nocturnal drinking milk, tooth-brushing, and a history of dental check up before age 2 with ECC.Conclusion: The results of this analysis showed a high prevalence of ECC in Babol. Therefore, educational and interventional programs in prevention and dental health care, especially for mothers, nurses, and teachers of these age groups, should be considered.

Klasifikasi Status Keaktifan Siswa SMA di Jawa Barat Menggunakan Random Forest dengan SMOTE

The dropout rate in Indonesia has a higher percentage as education levels grow. The high school dropout rate in Indonesia is at 0.67%. West Java is the province with the highest high school dropout rate in the academic year 2017/2018. In the next academic year, the high school dropout rate in West Java decreased. The student who drop out of school was caused by various factors. This study examines important variables and classification performance that are generated by random forest. The number of dropout students is very small compared to the number of active students. The imbalance data is handled using SMOTE. Random forest with SMOTE is considered able to predict data classes better because it can increase sensitivity values and reduce errors in classifying dropout students as active students. Father's income, number of siblings, class, father's education level, and father's type of work are important variables that have a major influence in determining the active status of high school students in West Java.

The Influence of Health, Social, and Economic Determinants on the Obesity to Teenagers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Obesity is fat accumulation in the human body that increases or excessive weight. This case may cause diseases appearing in the human body, such as hypertension, cardiovascular, diabetes, and stroke. The number of obesities increased when the Covid-19 virus started to infect Indonesia. This study was conducted in October 2021 to discover the dominant factor of health, social, and economic determinants on the obesity that increased during the pandemic, especially to the first grade in SMKN 7 Malang. This study is used analytical observational with the cross-sectional study approach. This study's population is 465 students; however, the study divides them into the sample using purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hence, the final samples of the study are 102. There primarily taken from interviews and observations, also secondary data related to the name, age, gender, address of respondents. The data collection will analyze by multivariate analysis. This study found that the father's education level/mother and parents' income do not influence obesity. Then, food management, physical activity, and street food consumption have influenced obesity. In addition, the considered variable can explain the obesity variable on the teenager around 37,2%.

Intergenerational reproduction and adult self-rated physical health in China

We used cross-sectional data from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey to investigate whether and how Chinese parents utilize their socioeconomic resources to facilitate the acquisition of socioeconomic resources by their children that in turn affect the self-rated health of the adult children. We found that father's type of work unit (danwei) and father's membership in the Chinese Communist Party were not independently associated with the self-rated health of survey respondents. Father's education was associated with the self-rated health of women, especially younger women, and self-reported childhood social class was associated with the self-rated health of men and older women, most strongly so for younger men. Two thirds of the association between father's education and self-rated health among younger women was statistically explained by personal socioeconomic resources and almost a quarter of the association between self-reported childhood social class and self-rated health among younger men was statistically explained by personal socioeconomic resources. Our study illuminates the importance of intergenerational reproduction in fostering the good health of Chinese adults, especially for those who grew up after the Chinese economic reform of the 1970s.

How to predict the electronic health literacy of Chinese primary and secondary school students?: establishment of a model and web nomograms

BackgroundThe internet has become an important resource for the public to obtain health information. Therefore, the ability to obtain and use such resources has become important for health literacy. This study aimed to establish a prediction model of Chinese students’ electronic health literacy (EHL) to guide government policymaking and parental interventions, identify the predictors of EHL in Chinese students using random forests, and establish a corresponding prediction model to help policymakers and parents determine whether primary and secondary school students have high EHL.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. From June to August 2021, a cluster sample survey was conducted with 1,300 students from seven primary and secondary schools in Shaanxi Province, China. We evaluated 1,235 primary and secondary school students using the e-health literacy scale. The data were divided into training and testing datasets in a 70:30 ratio for further analysis using random forest. The predictive accuracy of the score was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We also used decision curve analysis to determine the usefulness of the prediction model by quantifying the net benefits at different threshold probabilities in the validation dataset. ResultsWe found that 33.6% of students had high EHL. The univariate analysis showed that age (P < 0.001), grade (P < 0.001), employment status (P < 0.001), household location (P < 0.001), parental phubbing behavior (P < 0.001), and general self-efficacy (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with EHL. A random forest classification model was developed with the training dataset (872 students), and seven variables were confirmed as important: age, grade, employment status, father education level, game time, parental phubbing behavior, and general self-efficacy. The validation of the model showed good discrimination, with an area under the curve of 0.975 in the training dataset and 0.738 in the testing dataset. The model was translated into an online risk calculator, which is freely available (https://xietao.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/).ConclusionsIn this study, an intuitive tool to predict the EHL of Chinese primary and secondary school students was developed and validated.

Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Mixed Feeding Among Mothers of Infants in Dubai and Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

BackgroundBreastfeeding (BF) is considered the ultimate method of infant feeding for at least the first 6 months of life. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is one of the most effective interventions to improve child survival. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the associated factors among women in Dubai and Sharjah, UAE.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals and four healthcare centers in Dubai and Sharjah between September 2017 and December 2017. Hospitals and centers are governmental and provide maternal and child health services. A convenience sample of 858 Arab and Emirati mothers with children under the age of 2 years participated in the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by using structured questionnaires. The study was approved by the University Ethical Committee and the UAE Ministry of Health before data collection. Descriptive statistics were computed to describe all the questionnaire items. The chi-square test was used to compare the study's categorical variables. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to predict the relationship between BF and its associated factors. Statistical tests with P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean age of the participating mothers was 30.6 (SD 5.5) years. Results showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among the study participants was 24.4% (31.1% in Sharjah and 22% in Dubai; P = 0.003). The binary logistic regression reported that mother's and father's education, skin-to-skin period, number of children, mothers' health, and place of living were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding (P < 0.05). The results reported a significant association between EB and duration of breastfeeding (OR = 6.9, P = 0.002), husband education (OR = 2.1, P = 0.015), mother education (OR = 1.3, P = 0.027), number of children (OR = 7.9, P = 0.045), having any health problem (OR = 1.2, P = 0.045), and living place (OR = 1.4, P = 0.033), and a non-significant positive effect of family size and family income. Furthermore, the result reported a significant association between mixed breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding (OR = 0.1, P = 0.000), skin-to-skin period (OR = 0.3, P = 0.002), underweight (OR = 4.7, P = 0.034), last infant's sex (OR = 1.6, P = 0.010), having maid at home (OR = 2.1, P = 0.000), number of children (OR = 0.2, P = 0.013), and living place (OR =1.1, P = 0.014), and a non-significant association with family size and family income.ConclusionsTherefore, a health promotion program for exclusive breastfeeding during antenatal health visits, together with initiating health policies in maternal hospitals to encourage the initiation of breastfeeding during the first hour of birth and the introduction of skin-to-skin contact during the first 5 min of birth are highly recommended.

Life Satisfaction and Intergenerational Mobility Among Older Hispanics in the United States.

To investigate the impact of intergenerational mobility-measured as the difference between one's own and one's father's education level-on overall life-satisfaction among Hispanic, White, and Black older Americans. Data from the Health and Retirement Study were used to estimate life satisfaction by race/ethnicity using ordinary least squares regression (N = 5,057). Hispanic and Black older Americans report greater educational gains relative to their fathers compared to Whites. Despite having the lowest reported education levels, Hispanics report the highest life satisfaction across race/ethnic groups. However, net of education level and other factors, intergenerational mobility decreased rather than increased life satisfaction for Hispanic older Americans. These results indicate that intergenerational mobility may not confer equal benefits for overall life satisfaction across racial/ethnic groups. As Hispanic individuals continue to achieve higher education levels, it is unclear whether upward mobility will translate to positive or negative assimilation consequences.

Psychological and Sociological Profile of Women Who Have Completed Elite Military Combat Training

More than 75 women have successfully graduated from the U.S. Army Ranger Course since the integration of women into elite military combat training. This study sought to identify the psychological characteristics and sociological variables that contributed to their motivation and success. A guided interview and demographic and psychological questionnaires were used to assess characteristics of 13 women who successfully completed elite military combat training. Collectively, these women were college graduates and had well educated fathers, possessed high levels of grit and resiliency, and described themselves as self-competitive challenge seekers. These women all had a strong male influence in their lives. The characteristics of these pioneer women may be unique from subsequent cohorts as female participation in elite military combat training becomes the norm and as attitudes and experiences change for graduates of female combat training over time.

Association of Socio-Demographic Factors with Vaccination Status of Children at Gilgit Baltistan

Objective: To assess the vaccination status of children at Gilgit Baltistan and the association of various socio-demographic factors with none or partial vaccination among these children.&#x0D; Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics Combined Military Hospital Gilgit, from Oct 2020 to Mar 2021.&#x0D; Methodology: Children aged 15 months to 10 years presenting with any condition in the Pediatrics OPD were included in the study. Vaccination status regarding basic vaccines, included in the EPI of study participants was confirmed by vaccination card. Education of father, education of mother, type of family (joint or nuclear) and place of living (rural or urban) was correlated with vaccination status of children included in the study.&#x0D; Results: Out of 600 children presenting at the Pediatrics OPD, 390 (65%) patients were males, and 210 (35%) patients were females The mean age of the patients was 5.554 ± 3.85 years. 242 (40.3%) patients were vaccinated, 190 (31.7%) were partially vaccinated, while 168 (28%) patients were not vaccinated for basic vaccines included in the EPI. After applying the chi-square test, low education of father and mother, living in joint family and rural living were significantly related to non-vaccination or partial vaccination of children (p-value&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: A large group of children from Gilgit-Baltistan remained non-vaccinated or partially vaccinated even for the basic vaccines included in the EPI program. Children born in joint families, rural areas and parents with a low level of education had more chances of skipping the vaccines.

Quality of life and associated factors among children with cochlear implants in Vietnam: Results from parents’ perception

ObjectiveThis study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) of Vietnamese children with cochlear implants (CI) according to the perception of their parents, and to determine associated factors on the perceived QoL. MethodsA cross – sectional study were conducted among 68 children (20 children aged 3–6 years, and 48 children aged 7–10 years) who had cochlear implantation at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, from June 2020 to November 2021. Kiddy-KINDLR and KINDLR questionnaires were used to gather information on QoL of their children. Scores were transformed to a 100-point scale with 100 representing the most positive response. ResultsParents of the 7–10 year group rated generic QoL more positively than the 3–6 year group, overall average scores were 72.1, and 69.6, respectively. Parents of 7–10 years also rated QoL of their children slightly below average than that of the standard hearing population in both girls, and boys. A significant inverse correlation was detected between the overall QoL and age at first cochlear implant (r = −0.284, p = 0.019), and duration of cochlear implant experience was positively correlated with overall mean QoL score (r = 0.268, p = 0.027). Higher level of father's education level showed better QoL among their children (p = 0.015). ConclusionThe QoL of Vietnamese children with CI were slight lower than average compared with normal hearing children. Age at cochlear implant, cochlear implant use duration, and education level of father were influencing factors of the QoL of children with CI in Vietnam.

THE EFFECT OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE FIRST VISIT OF A CLUBFOOT TO A HEALTH FACILITY

Background: Clubfoot, also known as CTEV (Congenital Talipes Equinovarus), is a foot deformity characterized by varus of the hindfoot, adductus of the forefoot (metatarsus), arched middle leg (cavus), and equinus. Untreated CTEV causes physical, social, psychological, and financial burdens that worsen the patient's condition, family, and community around the patient. Methods: This research is an observational analytic study in which data was collected in the city of Medan in December 2021 and the number of samples in this study was 38. Results: Patients with low paternal education had a 3.5 times risk of having a first visit time of > 1 year compared to those with high paternal education. Patients with low maternal education had a risk of 3,212 times having a first visit time of > 1 year compared to those with high maternal education. Patients with low paternal income are 3,261 times more likely to have a first visit time of > 1 year than those with high paternal income. Conclusion: Socioeconomic factors such as father's education, mother's education, and father's income were significantly related to the first visit of pediatric patients with clubfoot to health facilities.

Determinants of the Coexistence Dual Form of Malnutrition in Pairs of Mother and Child Aged 6 – 59 Months in Bogor District 2019

The dual form of malnutrition (DFM) is defined as multiple nutritional problems in the same household and time. This study aimed to determine the related factor to DFM incidence in pairs of mothers and children aged 6–59 months in Bogor District in 2019. This cross-sectional study used secondary data on the Nutrition and Health of Babakan Madang Subdistrict Toddlers in 2019 and Nutrition Intake and Stunting of Children Under-Five in Bogor District, West Java Province, involving a total sample of 274 households. The dependent variable in this study was DFM, while the independent variables were maternal age during pregnancy, maternal height, maternal breastfeeding history, parity, family income, mother's and father's education level. Bivariate analysis involving the Chi-square test and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression tests was used in this study. The results revealed that DFM incidence in the Babakan Madang Subdistrict in 2019 was 42%. The determinants of DFM that were significantly related were maternal height (p-value = 0.000), maternal breastfeeding history (p-value = 0.027), and parity (p-value = 0.049). The analysis results showed that the dominant factor in the prevalence of DFM was the maternal height (OR = 2.704; 95% CI = 1.615-4.528). It is recommended to improving nutrition in adolescence, especially in the case of girls in their role as future mothers.

The Effect of Father's Education on Increasing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Health Protocols in Preventing COVID-19 in Nursing Students

Aims : This study aims to determine the effect of father's education on increasing knowledge, attitudes, the practice of health protocols in preventing COVID-19 in nursing students. Design : This study is a quantitative study using the pre-experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design Methods : The data was collected through questionnaire which distributed on Google Form to the 166 respondents. The intervention is to provide health education to respondents via the internet: Windows 365 (Teams) about information and ways to prevent COVID-19, as well as simulations on how to wash hands, physical distancing, and dispose of masks which are carried out in 2 sessions in 1 week. Results : The results showed that the number of fathers of nursing students with low education was 134 (80.7%), while the fathers of nursing students with higher education were 32 (19.3%). Meanwhile, the statistical test results obtained a p-value of 0.000 which indicates that there is a significant difference between knowledge about COVID-19, health protocol attitudes, and respondents with low father education and high father education before and after the intervention. Conclusions : There was increase in knowledge, attitude and practice of health protocol for nursing students in avarage after they got education. COVID-19 is very important for nursing students to learn about in order to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and practice of health protocols so that COVID-19 does not happen.