Father-son Relationship Research Articles

Y chromosome effect on prenatal live weight growth of laboratory minipigs

This paper describes the results of the influence of Y-chromosome gene complex on pre- and postnatal growth of piglets of laboratory mini-pigs ICG SB RAS. Breeding group includes four genealogical lines of boars united by a successive father-son relationship. Three lines: MS2853, MS2987, and VTN300 inherited their Y chromosomes from boars of Vietnamese-South Asian breed. The fourth line (LNDR07) received Y chromosome from the Landrace boar. This study revealed that all three lines of boars carrying Asian Y chromosome did not differ in weight of newborn offspring, while the weight and, correspondingly, prenatal growth of newborns of boars carrying European Y chromosome were statistically significantly less. Thus, at this stage of research, there is reason to believe that the selection group of mini-pigs ICG SB RAS contains polymorphism in the complex of Y-chromosome genes involved in the control of prenatal growth process. An assumption was considered that growth retardation during prenatal and early postnatal periods, as well as an increased proportion of culled offspring of boars carrying European Y chromosome can be caused by poor compatibility of its gene complex with the allele pool inherited from the mini pigs ICG SB RAS from Vietnamese breed.

Semiotical Narrative of the Greimai Bridge in Prienai

In 2017, the world celebrated 100 years since the birth of Algirdas Julien Greimas (1917–1992). The anniversary inspired many commemorative works, events, conferences, research projects, etc. That is also the case with this paper.Here, instruments of semiotic analysis are applied to a rather unusual object – a bridge located in the town of Prienai, Lithuania. In 2010, the bridge was given the name of Greimai by the Government of Lithuania as a way of paying tribute to Julius Greimas (1882–1942), schoolteacher and burgomaster of Prienai (1934–40), and his son Algirdas Julien Greimas, literary scientist and semiotician who as a child liked to wander the woods of Prienai.The paper discusses the semantics and narrativity of the Greimai bridge. The main focus is on its function, the characteristics of the bridge and its shores, the semantic universe it embodies. Also considered is the transformation from a simple and concrete structure with a clearly defined function to a symbolic monument.The findings of this small research suggest that the bridge’s characteristics make the Greimai name a good fit and that it creates additional meanings: one recognizes plurality and duality, the echo of the father-son relationship, cyclicality and rituality, etc. In addition, the bridge appears to act as a mediator between nature and culture, life and death.

“Life follows myth!”: A Jungian reading of Orhan Pamuk’s The Red-Haired Woman

The Red-Haired Woman (2016) by Orhan Pamuk mirrors the east-west dichotomy by father-son relationship. The author integrates the narratives of King Oedipus and Rostam and Sohrab in the nucleus of the text and the protagonist’s experiences; thereby, he not only brings a dual approach to the question of becoming an individual but manifests the inevitability of fate via myths turning into reality. Pamuk's literary modus operandi in the novel lets coincidence find a palpable meaning and become the repetition of past incidents. Carl Gustav Jung’s concepts of collective unconscious and archetype, in this respect, shed considerable light on the ways in which Pamuk’s characters are led by some collectively shared entities. According to Jung, every individual possesses some reflexes, tendencies and instincts shared by all humanity and stored in the very depth of human mind. Jung argues that collective unconscious, being of primitive and universal quality, appears in dreams and myths and latently influences the way man thinks and behaves. Cem Çelik, the protagonist of The Red-Haired Woman, acts so as to exhibit this holistic influence particularly in terms of father-son relationship; to a great extent, his experiences are presented as recurrences of historical/mythical situations and occurrences that have been repeated throughout human history with cultural changes and manifested in myths. Hence, this paper aims to elucidate Pamuk’s use of myths and discourses of patricide/filicide in The Red-Haired Woman through Jungian perspective.

Fathers, sons, and monsters: Rousseau, Blake, and Mary Shelley

Through their reading of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, William Blake, and Mary Shelley arrive at a similar formula for their respective texts: the mismanagement, neglect, and eventual abandonment of children by their fathers catalyses the development of monstrous progeny in Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818/31), Blake’s Tiriel (1789), The Book of Urizen (1794), and The Four Zoas (1795–1804). In particular, both Blake and Shelley pick up on Rousseau’s concerns about the mishandling of children’s bodies as part of contemporary nursing practices in Émile, as well as the way in which the vision of a self-led educational programme is continually undermined by the fear of pedagogical mismanagement. While Blake and Shelley are rarely brought together in critical discussions, this paper, by looking specifically at the physical and psychological formation of children within the context of father–son relationships, hopes to provide an analytical key which will unlock the way both Romantic writers incorporated personal, pedagogical, and philosophical material from Rousseau in their family-orientated texts.

요한계시록의 부부와 부자 관계에서 본 하나님의 가족

이 논문의 목적은 요한계시록의 교회론을 하나님의 가족 은유로 분석하는 것이다. 요한복음과 요한서신의 경우 하나님의 가족을 통해 구원론, 교회론, 윤리 등이 활발히 연구되어 왔다. 하지만 계시록의 경우 아버지-아들 은유와 남편-아내 은유가 통합적으로 연구되지 못했다. 이런 연구의 미진한 점을 염두에 두고, 본 연구는 하나님의 가족 은유가 위치한 문맥, 그레코-로마 세계와 구약과의 상호 관련성, 그리고 계시록 안의 관련 본문을 차례로 살핀다. 그 후 부자와 부부 은유를 비교하며, 부부와 부자 은유가 계시록의 기록 목적과 주요 신학에 어떻게 부합하는가를 간단히 살핀다. 이 가족 은유는 계시록의 결론 부분에 집중적으로 등장하여, 박해 중에 있던 독자들에게 하나님의 백성이자 어린양의 신부로서의 정체성을 견지하도록 격려하며 확고한 결단을 제공한다.

Poisonous Pantheons: God of War and Toxic Masculinity

Kratos, protagonist of God of War (2005–current), is an archetypal representation of toxic masculinity. For much of the series, his rage drives much of the narrative and game dynamics, as Kratos destroys the entire Greek pantheon. The latest iteration of the series moves Kratos into Norse mythology and introduces a son. This father–son relationship allows the developers to ruminate upon the toxic masculinity that has defined much of the series’ past. Kratos’ trajectory moves from the flatness of one defining characteristic, rage, to an introspective consideration of this emotion and its consequences. A parabolic supporting cast set the stage, each illustrating an aspect of toxicity; as explored, the mother–son relationship between Freya and her son, Baldur, is given a poignant twist. Overall, this article investigates how God of War articulates characteristics of toxic masculinity, explores its repercussions, and offers lessons for its rehabilitation.

Connecting the Image of God as Almighty Father, Narcissism, Trump, and Charles Brockden Brown’s Wieland

Given Jung’s understanding of emergence as unconscious materials unattended emerging into lived life, the election of Donald Trump to the presidency of the United States calls for analysis of unconscious collective attitudes. Trump’s enthusiastic supporters embrace his narcissism, including his claims to almighty power, obedience, and adoration, claims characteristic of the God image of the Judeo-Christian Father almighty. This essay proposes that Americans socialized to worship that image of God have not been aware that they are divinizing narcissistic traits. Charles Brockden Brown’s novel Wieland or the Transformation, An American Tale (1798) portrays such a God and a phantom narrative unveiling murderousness in the narcissistic divine Father-son relations. Brown concludes with a call for the development of “juster notions” of divinity. Recognizing the latent murderousness in the narcissistic image of God the Father almighty potentially leads to recalling that projection and collectively accepting responsibility for inner murderousness.

De pai para filho: o paradoxo fundamental da masculinidade

Partindo da defesa de Silvia Bleichmar da masculinidade enquanto uma constituição que perpassa o paradoxo no qual o menino precisa, numa relação de amor, incorporar o pênis paterno para revestir de potência e legitimar sua posição sexuada, o presente artigo contempla as peculiaridades da relação paterno-filial enquanto fonte de afirmação e contradição, já que essa fantasmática identificatória será classificada pelo Eu como homossexual. As vicissitudes da relação entre filho e pai são abordadas do estádio pré-edipiano à adolescência deflagrando que os paradoxos deixados por esse laço, ainda que represente a fragilidade da identidade masculina como essencialmente defensiva, compõem uma posição mais fértil para o sujeito. O enigma de uma posição sexuada em busca de confirmação viril apresenta a conjectura de que o sujeito, buscando a solução para a falta simbólica, pode colocar em ato a fantasmática da incorporação e, assim, estar mais suscetível à submissão sexual violenta a outros homens.

FATHER FIGURES IN SELECTED SHAKESPEARE’S WORKS

Shakespeare and his works are widely analyzed and studied, however, you can always find something to discuss about or study, since Shakespeare’s works are always challenging and attractive. This time my focus is on the father figures that appear in some of his greatest works, like King Hamlet and Polonius in Hamlet, Barbantio in Othello, Lord Capulet in Romeo and Juliet, King Lear and Gloucester in King Lear, Leonato in Much Ado About Nothing, Shylock in The Merchant of Venice, etc. Actually, this paper aims to give an insight and compare the major characters as fathers. It covers an analysis of father-son relationship and the father-daughter relationship, fathers’ attitude towards their children, the influence they have in the life of their children, their love and authority, expectations, their image in the eyes of their children and so on. Each and every one of these characters has a specific relationship with their child; they are all authoritative, some more and some less, they are proud and they influence their children’s lives by accepting their decisions or not, by requesting very important and delicate tasks from them, by deciding themselves for their children, etc. Focusing on the issue of authority, power and ownership, the article aims at showing how stereotypical social and gender roles resonate with various political and social contexts of power. However, the paper will also analyze the dreams, duty, as well as defiance children have, show or express towards their fathers. A special importance in this paper is given to the relationships between fathers and daughters, having in mind the social position women had at that time, the role they had in their families etc. In these relationships, it is clearly that there is more likely to find a tyrannical possessiveness in excess of normal parental affection in the father's behaviour—or, as the case may be, a capriciousness, coldness, or disloyalty unwarranted by the daughter's exemplary conduct, which in fact results in the creation or not of a father figure in these plays. Namely, it is clear that Shakespeare depicted the struggle and entanglement of a father character who realizes the lonely emptiness he has to face after fulfilling the happiness of his child. As I mentioned, no matter the uniqueness of these relationships that are presented between parents and children, we can find some similarities as well, as many of the plays depict the same situations but with similar circumstances. Consequently, I hope that this paper will be just a small contribution in the field of literature and that future scholars will find it useful in their further studies and analysis of Shakespeare’s works, which is really a never-ending ‘struggle.’

Image NSST-HMT model with associated multi-state coefficients

In recent years, due to its anisotropy, multi-directional capture characteristics,and translation invariance, the non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) hasplayed an important stabilizing role inthe process of image restoration. In this study, weanalyze an images NSST coefficients, including the relationship betweencoefficients in the same subband, the relationship between“father-son” coefficients, and the relationship between “brotherhood”coefficients in different subbands. The results reveal that thecoefficients in the NSST subbands are sparse, and both “father-sonrelationship” and “brotherhood relationship” coefficients exhibitaggregation and transitivity. On this basis, a hidden Markov tree (HMT)model with associated multi-state coefficients (M-NSST-HMT) isproposed. This model estimates the reconstructed coefficientsusing “father-son relationship” and “brotherhood relationship”of the NSST subband coefficients as joint states of guiding thecoefficients transfer between subbands. In addition, the model integrates thereconstructed coefficients using the mutual information betweenthese two associated states. Finally, the proposed model is appliedto image denoising with favorable results. The results indicatethat the proposed model can reveal the relationship ofcoefficients in NSST subbands and improve the prediction accuracy ofcoefficients more effectively than the traditional HMT model.

'Just black sometimes', part 2: reflections on an adolescent's journey.

In this second article about work at a refugee centre for unaccompanied minors in Berlin, the author discusses his encounter with Syrian and Afghani adolescents who were enrolled in the program. Issues around adaptation to a new culture are explored with attention to the dynamics of conformity and marginalization. The questions of what happens to adolescent refugees separated from their families, and how their identity formation is shaped by this burden is explored in relation to the author's meeting with a Syrian adolescent living in Berlin. To illustrate the long reach of a missing father who has been left behind, characters from Virgil's Aeneid are discussed to amplify heroic and spiritual aspects within father-son relationships. The interplay between needing help and allowing for resilience is explored as an important aspect of refugees' transitions, while also considering variables such as dependence and independence, foreign and familiar, being with or without family, and adjusting to the present and/whilst relating to the past; tensions between these alternatives can create various psychosocial challenges for adolescent refugees.

Cutting the Umbilical Cord: Patriarchy and the Family Metaphor in Turgenev's Virgin Soil

ABSTRACTIn his final novel, Virgin Soil (1877), Turgenev takes up the theme of the particular kind of populism (Narodnichestvo) that swept across the European part of Russia in the 1860s and 70s. Critics on both ends of the political spectrum believed that Virgin Soil failed to truthfully depict the populist movement; however, the novel provides an important cultural commentary that heretofore has been overlooked. Turgenev explores the theme of fractured father-son relationships and masterfully exposes the nature of political dissent in Russia. He conceptualises Russian radical intelligentsia as a natural son of an enlightened patriarch, thus questioning the long-standing tradition of viewing the Russian tsar as a father to his people. While drawing on the scholarship of Stephen Lovell and other social historians who explore the problem of genealogical and generational self-identification, this study of Turgenev's work provides new legibilities of the family metaphor that lies at the core of Russian political discourse.

‘Let Go My Hand’ by Edward Docx

The Edinburgh Neurology Book Club recently read Edward Docx’s novel ‘Let Go My Hand’. Docx writes about one father’s experiences with motor neurone disease (MND), taking us on a turbulent...

Representing Father–Son Relationships among African-American Muslim Men in Film and Television

ABSTRACTAfrican-American Muslims are well-known for their prison reform ministries and initiatives aimed at assisting disenfranchised men and women in inner city communities. In media discourse, the redemption narratives of young African-American Muslim men in these environments have often been stimulated by African-American Muslim leaders who function as highly influential fatherly figures that usually stress an importance of fatherhood in ameliorating juvenile delinquency and hopelessness. While fatherhood is a cherished institution among Muslim families, this analysis focuses on depictions of father-son relationships among African-American Muslim men in film and television. This study examines relationships between Muslim sons and non-Muslim fathers, Muslim fathers and non-Muslim sons, and fathers and sons who both embrace Islam throughout these visual narratives. In exploring these relationships, the article examines the impact of African-American Muslim fathers on their sons’ faith and spiritual development, negotiation of masculinity, management of racism, confrontation of Islamophobia, and maintenance of discipline, social mobility, and life skills.

MODELING OF THE ARTISTIC WORLD OF CHILDHOOD IN MODERN ITALIAN LITERATURE ABOUT CHILDREN

The article investigates the problem of modeling the childhood world in novels by N. Ammaniti "I am not afraid", "You and me", "As God commanded", A. d'Avenia "White, like milk, red, like blood", a history by A. Nanetti "My grandfather was a cherry tree" when the first contact between a child / teenager and the world of adults appears. Identified microdominants for the world of children in these authors: existential measurement of home and family (N. Ammaniti, A. Nanetti), father-son relations (N. Ammaniti), categorical coloring of the childhood world and seeking oneself (A. d'Avenia), unbreakable unity childhood - adulthood - old age (A. Nanetti). The dysharmony of the world manifests itself in the motives of violence, suffering, uncertainty of the child, which makes hero actively seek his place in society and his identity. The subjective narrative "I" of the child reflects the catastrophic attitude of the 21st century, seeks salvation in adults, but finds the strength to resist evil in the world only in its pure soul. It was found: the destruction of the ordered childhood world with positive images of home, father and mother is the reality of the 21st century.

Komedi ve Kadın: Hokkabaz Filminde Cinsiyet Problemi

This study argues that representations of the female protagonist in the Turkish filmHokkabaz (The Magician, Cem Yılmaz & Ali Taner Baltacı, 2006) replicate gendered masculine hegemony. Using the concept of hegemonic masculinity and genre theory, we suggest that Hokkabaz contributes to the inequality of gender through its treatment of the father-son relationship. We first examine the formation of gender roles by means of the conventions of comedy and then, in terms of hegemonic masculinity, analyse the impact of the father on the son in a patriarchal society. The main elements of the essay, which employs the technique of textual analysis, are the collective discourses about women as represented in mainstream comedies and the hegemonic relationships between men found in the literature of hegemonic masculinity.

“Tell it slant”: Postcoloniality and the fiction of biographical authenticity in Hanif Kureishi’s My Ear at His Heart: Reading My Father

In Postcolonial Writers in the Global Literary Marketplace (2007), Sarah Brouillette expands on Graham Huggan’s exploration of the current entanglement between “the language of resistance” inherent to postcolonialism and “the language of commerce” intrinsic to postcoloniality (Huggan, 2001: 264). Connecting the successful marketing of postcolonial writing with the regime of postcoloniality, Brouillette argues that such a regime requires or projects a “biographical connection” (2007: 4) between text and author so that even postcolonial fiction can be thought of as offering a supposedly authentic or unmediated access to the cultural other. This article discusses Hanif Kureishi’s My Ear at His Heart: Reading My Father (2004), in which the British Asian author narrativizes his ambivalent relationship with his father and retraces the latter’s trajectory from India to the UK of the 1960s and 1970s. My aim is to show how this memoir is very much concerned with the relationship between postcolonialism and postcoloniality even as it foregrounds issues of genre, authorship, and (af)filiation. Highlighting the ambiguities and impossibilities inherent in any referential pact (see Lejeune, 1975), My Ear at His Heart not only complicates the demand for “biographical authenticity” that is seen by Brouillette to condition the niche marketing of postcolonial literatures, the memoir also alludes to the reception of Kureishi’s own work, which was framed by “autobiographical” readings of his early novels. Through an analysis of the ways in which My Ear at His Heart re-places issues of postcoloniality and genre at the heart of the father–son relationship, I wish to suggest that Kureishi still has “something to tell us” about the commodification of “minority” cultures, provided that postcolonial scholarship starts taking issues of form seriously.

Gendered lives in vernacular fiction: Redefining family in Hindi short stories of the early 1940s

This article is embedded in discourses surrounding the new mobility of people as well as scientific, technological and socio-cultural changes in a late-colonial setting. It investigates how a number of prominent and less-known male authors from the centre and margins of the twentieth-century Hindi literary canon, including Rishabhcharan Jain, Shriyut ‘Arun’ and Durgadas Bhaskar, depict unconventional family constellations and human relationships that challenge normative conceptions of family, fatherhood, conjugality and blood bonds as well as gender roles and responsibilities. The short stories under investigation suggest that human relationships require constant negotiation and investigation of the meaning of kinship, caste, class and the human. In the process, we encounter adulterous husbands, strong wives and nurturing fathers’ life struggles and tribulations. These short stories centre on husband–wife, man–mistress, wife–mistress and father–son relationships. Their male protagonists are authoritative towards their wives, caring towards their mistresses and nurturing towards children. At times, their self-sacrifice goes as far as to complete self-annihilation for the sake of the offspring, and, at other times, they lead double lives. Mothers are absent in these short stories. Instead, male protagonists claim parenthood and are ready to go as far as to abduct infants in order to perform fatherhood. I argue that parenting constellations and conjugality became negotiable for a number of factors that are addressed in my selection of Hindi short stories: (a) parenthood was not contingent upon biology (as stories on adoption and abduction suggest), (b) contraception was readily available to women and men (as promoted in periodicals of the time) and in the process also changing attitudes towards sexuality and conjugality, (c) abortion emerged as a medical option to undo a pregnancy emerging from an illicit love affair and (d) the new mobility enabled people to get around easily and frequently and even lead double lives. In addressing these factors, fiction published and circulated in periodicals offered novel imaginative and innovative spaces for the negotiation of family models once projected as normative in social reformist and nationalist discourses.

Father-Son Communication About Consistent and Correct Condom Use.

Twenty-five father-son dyads completed semistructured interviews designed to elicit specific preferences for teaching and learning about consistent and correct condom use and strategies for addressing common condom use errors and problems. For analysis, we used in vivo coding and vertical and horizontal analysis techniques. Fathers and sons agreed that communication about condom use is feasible and acceptable. However, fathers tended to convey vague messages regarding protecting oneself from the negative consequences of sexual activity. Furthermore, both fathers and sons reported barriers hindering conversations. Secondly, the style and frequency of condom use conversations can help overcome barriers and support father-son relationship management. Talking frequently in 1-on-1 settings and using strategies to reduce discomfort made communication easier. Lastly, fathers and sons reported distinct preferences for teaching and learning about condom use. Sons wanted fathers to give specific guidance on the use and management of condoms. Fathers expressed interest in opportunities for improving their own condom knowledge and skills. Fathers identified gaps in their own condom use knowledge as a limitation to effective instruction of their sons. A father-focused communication intervention about condom use is feasible and acceptable. Enhancing the intergenerational benefits of father-son communication by addressing specific father-son preferences and learning needs for condom use instruction, as well as communication barriers, represents a novel mechanism for reducing male sexual reproductive health disparities.

The archetype of the father in the art of William Kurelek: typology and semantic connotations

Purpose of the article: It is necessary to study the archetype of the Father as one of the foundations of nationaland personal-psychological self-awareness in the work of the Canadian-Ukrainian artist William Kurelek. Through this context, we can analyze the typology of archetypal images of the Father as semantic modules that illustrate parental- synovial interactions in the polynomial emigrant Canadian society. Methodology: General scientific and interdisciplinary research methods were used for solving the tasks: analysis, synthesis, formalization and the comparative method. Using the method of extrapolation, which is based on the assumption that the pattern of development of the object in the past will remain unchanged for a certain time and in the future, we characterize the natural inherited through the generations and behavioral patterns of father-son relationships that William Kurelek portrayed in his picturesque works. The scientific novelty: In the context of artistic research of William Kurelek‘s work, we have for the first time introduced the problem of the archetype of the Father as an integral part of the semantic art model of the artist, analyzing different approaches to the interpretation of the parental image. Results: Based on the analysis of the artist's works, as well as his theoretical reflections, the general principles, and modifications of the father's archetype are revealed. In the article, we first outlined the typology of father's images based on the analysis of paintings: the image of a narcissistic rebellion, a person with a landlessness complex, the image of brother-destruction, a romantic vision of prosperity, an ironic satire, and a national melancholy.