Father Education Research Articles

The Examination of Risk Management in the Amateur Football Clubs Consisting of Student Players

The aim of the study is to examine student football players’ perceived risk levels according to some variables. Descriptive survey model was used in the research. The research was applied on 240 students playing football in 1st amateur football league, Ordu. The ‘Risk Assessment Scale’ developed by Karataş (2012) was used as a data collection tool. The scale scores of the groups according to the independent variables were compared with the student t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison tests for unrelated samples in parametric data, and the Kruskal Wallis-H test and the Mann Whitney-U test with Bonferroni correction for non-parametric data. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that the risk perception and evaluation levels of students differed significantly according to the variables of marital status, number of children, education level, family income level, place of birth and sports year (p < 0.05). However, it was determined that the risk assessment levels of the students did not differ significantly according to age, father and mother education level variables (p > 0.05). The findings reveal that the decrease in the monthly income level increases the risk perception levels of the students in the sports life. In addition, it was determined that as the education level of the students increased, their tendency to take risks also increased. According to the results of the research, it can be stated that the level of perceiving and analyzing risks of experienced students is higher than those of less experienced students.

Determinants and Prediction of Secondary Students Performance in Mathematics in Portugal Using Machine Learning

Mathematics brings order and prevents chaos in our lives. Power of reasoning, inventiveness, abstract or spatial thinking, critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and even excellent communication skills are some of the attributes that mathematics fosters. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that impact students' mathematics performance. Simultaneously, this study tries to predict student's mathematics performance. The secondary information was gathered from https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/student+performance#. This study uses a variety of methodologies such as percentage distribution, association tests, association rule mining, Decision tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest-Neighbors, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Neural Network, and Logistic Regression. Students whose father's education is higher, mother's education is higher, mothers' occupation services, who rarely go out with friends, and who did not fail the previous class have considerably better mathematics performance. Students whose father has a primary education, who spend a lot of time with friends, drink alcohol during the workday, and live in rural areas have poor mathematics performance. Furthermore, in this case, the best classifier for prediction is a Neural Network. Therefore, the performance of students in mathematics depends on the characteristics of the students as well as the characteristics of their parents and place of residence. The government and other NGOs must step forward to educate the country's people about these critical factors. Keywords: Determinant, Prediction, Student, Performance, Machine, Learning. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/13-5-03 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

“TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAM [PTP] ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING DIGITAL DETOXIFICATION AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED JUNIOR COLLEGES”.

Our day to day life has moulded immensely because of the introduction to technology. It has become faster, dynamic and more comfortable. It is difcult to imagine our life without the use of technology, the way we use our digital devices continuously, might disturbs our life balance that's why digital detox concept has arisen. Digital detox refers to a period of time when a person refrains from using tech devices such as smartphones, televisions, computers, tablets, and social media sites. Worse, than that constant connection can also take a toll on your quality of life and overload your senses. That's why taking a break from your numerous digital devices and having knowledge of digital detox could help be good for your mental and physical health. The objectives were to identify the knowledge regarding digital detoxication, to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding digital detoxication. And nd out an association between pre-test knowledge scores regarding digital detoxication with selected socio demographic variable among students in selected junior colleges. The research approach used for the study was quantitative evaluative survey approach, A Quasi-experimental, one group Pre-test Post-test design was used, which consisted a group of 60 samples who were selected by using Systematic sampling technique. Data was collected by using Socio Demographic Variables and Structured knowledge questionnaire regarding Digital Detoxication. The result shows that in the pre-test majority of samples 46(76.67%) had poor knowledge, 16(32%) had average knowledge, 0(00%) had good knowledge score whereas in Post- test 41(68.33%) had good knowledge, 19 (31.67%) had average knowledge and 0(00%) had poor knowledge. There was a highly signicant difference in the mean scores between pre-test knowledge score and post-test knowledge scores regarding digital detoxication. In this present study, there was signicant association found between pre-test knowledge score with their socio demographic variables. The calculated values were higher than tabulated values like Father's education, Mother's education, Duration of using internet and Purpose of using internet, There was signicant association between Pre-test knowledge score with their selected socio- demographic variable. Interpretation And Conclusion: The study revealed that majority of students were having poor knowledge regarding digital detoxication and planned teaching program helped students to gain knowledge regarding digital detoxication and utilize that knowledge to be a healthy wellbeing.

The Association between Dietary Nitrate Intake and Alanine Transaminase in Adolescent Girls

Introduction: The effects of dietary nitrate on health are controversial. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of nitrate and liver enzymes among Iranian adolescent girls.
 Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 733 adolescent girls. They were recruited from several schools in different areas in the cities of Mashhad and Sabzevar, northeast region of Iran, by random cluster sampling method. The dietary intake of nitrate was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured by auto-analyzer. Linear regression was applied to investigate the correlation between nitrate intake and liver enzymes in crude and adjusted models.
 Results: There was a direct association between dietary intake of nitrate and serum levels of ALT in crude [β = 0.117; 95% CI (0.003-0.016); P < 0.01] and adjusted models for energy intake, age, BMI percentile, physical activity, menstruation, father's education, and mother's education [β = 0.128; 95% CI (0.003-0.016); P < 0.01]. No significant associations were found between dietary intake of nitrate and levels of ALP, AST, and GGT in crude or adjusted models.
 Conclusion: There was a direct relationship between dietary intake of nitrate and serum concentration of ALT. Longitudinal studies are required to examine the association between dietary nitrate intake and liver functional tests.

Behavioral compliance with preventive health measures for students with and without hearing disability during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundHearing loss affects over 1.5 billion individuals worldwide. Their disability and limited access to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic information make them suffer a greater degree than ordinary people. However, the quantitative studies on the implementation of behavior compliance with preventive health measures for vulnerable groups such as people with hearing disability were limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the compliance with pandemic-related protective health measures among people with hearing disability.DesignA cross-sectional survey, population-based cohort study of students aged 12–26 years with and without hearing disability was conducted. Behavioral compliance with preventive health measures was collected from the general education institutions and special education schools using an online questionnaire. Logistic regression and structural equation model were used to determine the associations among the demographic variables, different degrees of mental health status and psychological impacts, and preventive health behaviors.ResultsAmong 1,589 participants, 485 (30.5%) students are with hearing disability (SHD), and 1,104 (69.5%) students with normal hearing (SNH). The SHD has a significantly lower degree of behavioral compliance with the preventive health measures than SNH has. Hearing disability and anxiety [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54–1.76, p < 0.05] are risk factors for avoiding sharing of utensils during mealtime. Hearing disability, male sex, father's education level, mother's profession, bedtime after 11:00 p.m., anxiety, and depression (OR = 1.45–2.95, p < 0.05) are risk factors for hand hygiene. Male sex (OR = 2.13, p < 0.001) is risk factor and being aged below 18 years old (OR = 0.62, p = 0.03) is protective factor for wearing masks. Exercise (OR = 0.32–0.70, p < 0.01) is the most protective factor for preventive health behaviors. Mediating effect of mental health status and psychological impacts between hearing level and the compliance with the preventive health measures was −0.044 (95% CI: −0.068 to −0.027).ConclusionsTo reduce the risk of contraction, update pandemic information, essential communication services, extra assistance, and support should be provided to these disabled persons who are more susceptible to a public health emergency.

Learning Performance of International Students and Students with Disabilities: Early Prediction and Feature Selection through Educational Data Mining

The learning performance of international students and students with disabilities has increasingly attracted many theoretical and practical researchers. However, previous studies used questionnaires, surveys, and/or interviews to investigate factors affecting students’ learning performance. These methods cannot help universities to provide on-time support to excellent and poor students. Thus, this study utilized Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms to build prediction models for the academic performance of international students, students with disabilities, and local students based on students’ admission profiles and their first-semester Grade Point Average results. The real samples included 4036 freshmen of a Taiwanese technical and vocational university. The experimental results showed that for international students, three models: SVM (100%), MLP (100%), and DT (100%) were significantly superior to RF (96.6%); for students with disabilities, SVM (100%) outperformed RF (98.0%), MLP (96.0%), and DT (94.0%); for local students, RF (98.6%) outperformed DT (95.2%) MLP (94.9%), and SVM (91.9%). The most important features were [numbers of required credits], [main source of living expenses], [department], [father occupations], [mother occupations], [numbers of elective credits], [parent average income per month], and [father education]. The outcomes of this study may assist academic communities in proposing preventive measures at the early stages to attract more international students and enhance school competitive advantages.

A multilevel model of the help-seeking behaviors among adolescents with mental health problems.

Objective:Mental health problems are highly prevalent among adolescents yet the utilization of mental health services among such a population is very low. This study was conducted to examine mental health problems and related help-seeking behaviors among a Chinese sample of adolescents.MethodsA total of 3,480 students were recruited from four middle- and high schools in Changsha City, Hunan province, and completed an online questionnaire that assessed their general information, mental health problems including depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicide ideation, as well as their help-seeking behaviors from both formal (including psychological teachers and mental health professionals) and informal sources (including family, friends, and teachers).ResultsThe participants had a prevalence of 13.7% for depression, 11.5% for anxiety, 9.8% for self-harm, and 9.1% for suicide ideation. Although a high rate of help-seeking behaviors was observed (73.0%), most were concentrated in informal sources (99.3%), while only a small portion of participants resorted to formal sources (13.9%). Being female (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.83), higher grade (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01–1.73), school mental health resources not available (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02–1.88), without suicide ideation (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.42–2.90) were all associated with increased likelihood of formal help-seeking behaviors. On the other hand, complete middle school (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22–0.59), the middle level of academic ranking (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–0.97), and higher father education levels (OR: 0.54–0.56, 95% CI: 0.33–0.90) were all associated with a decreased likelihood of formal help-seeking behaviors.ConclusionOur results showed a higher prevalence of help-seeking behavior for emotional or psychological problems during the past year. Compared to the high rate of informal help-seeking behaviors, students showed a lower propensity to seek formal help for their mental health problems, which may be explained by individual-level, family-level, and school-level factors. Our findings provide important implications for the development and popularization of targeted, needs-based mental health promotion and education programs in the future.

Evaluation of factors affecting body mass index of children with intellectual disability.

This study was conducted to evaluate the BMI of the children with intellectual disability and the factors affecting their BMI. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out between March 2016 and April 2016 in Turkey and consisted of 135 children. Children's anthropometric measurements were and their BMI values were calculated. Categorization of children by BMI percentile according to AAP reference values was performed. There was a significant difference between the BMI categories of the children (p < 0.05) and the education level of children's father (x2 = 8.960; p = 0.028), the degree of intellectual disability (x2 = 16.113; p = 0.008), the presence of other disabilities (x2 = 22.013; p = 0.000), type of disability (x2 = 21.359; p = 0.001), the nutrient intake (x2 = 38.935; p = 0.000) and the presence of nutritional problems (x2 = 7.687; p = 0.042). Father's education level, children's degree of disability, child's having presence of other disabilities, child's being dependent in the view of nutrient intake, and child's having nutritional problems were determined as factors affecting BMI.

Impact of Domestic Violence upon Mental Health of Secondary level School Girls

Abusing physically, mentally, sexually and economically by a person to a person who have familial relationship is domestic violence. This paper aims to describe what the relationship between impact of DV committed by mother and father, and mental health of girl students is. The study followed cross sectional research design and cluster sampling technique. Data of 385 students that were collected through self-administered anonymous questionnaire were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Pearson’s Correlation test was applied to identify what the relationship of abusing and beating have with anxiety and depression, and multiple regression analysis was used to predict significant contributor to DV. The great majority (84.6%) and 73.1% respondents who had experience of DV respectively had mild to moderate anxiety and depression. One in seven (15.4%) and 26.7% respondents respectively had severe anxiety and depression. Severity and frequency of abusing and beating had strong positive significant relationship with anxiety and depression. Severity and frequency of father beating contribute more to anxiety and depression. Local government must conduct domestic violence education for mothers and fathers of the study area.

The relationship between tooth decay with stress and BMI among elementary students in Iran.

BackgroundTooth decay is one of the most common chronic diseases among children worldwide. Stress and body mass index are also amongst the arguable risk factors which will affect people considerably. They include biological (hormones and blood sugar), socio-economic, and environmental factors and also lifestyle. In the present study, the relationship between tooth decay with stress and BMI in children was therefore investigated.Materials and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of a descriptive-analytical type. A total of 350 students who were referred to the clinic of the faculty of dentistry at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences during 2021–2022 were selected through convenience sampling method to participate in the study. First, the students underwent a dental examination after being measured on their height and weight. Then, two questionnaires; namely, demographic information and Children's Stress Symptom Scale (CSSS) of Scherer and Ryan-Wenger were completed by the children's parents through self-reporting. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and then descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied.ResultsThe mean BMI of the participating students was in the normal range. The prevalence of tooth decay among participants was 76.9% (269 people). The mean and standard deviation of stress scores was 6.85 ± 4.01 out of 26, which was at a low level. Also, the mean and standard deviation of the BMI were 22.78 ± 5.28, which was within the normal range. The results of the logistic regression showed that the variables of “father's level of education,” “family's economic status,” “the experience of the toothache during the past year,” “the oral health status,” “the frequency of tooth brushing,” “flossing,” “stress,” and “BMI” were influential factors in tooth decay (P <0.05).ConclusionStudents who had improper BMI, more stress, less educated fathers, families with poor economic status, the experience of toothache within the past year, poor oral health status, and those who used toothbrushes and floss to a minimal degree suffered more tooth decay. Therefore, it is necessary that we pay more attention to these students in designing and implementing educational programs to prevent tooth decay.

The Effect of Dynamic Assessment Strategy on Developing EFL Pupils´ Achievement

The current research aims at finding out the effect of dynamic assessment strategy on EFL pupils’ Achievement at the same time it aims to find out the effect of dynamic assessment strategy on developing EFL pupils’ Achievement. It hypotheses that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group which is taught by dynamic assessment strategy and the mean scores of the control group which is taught by the conventional methods in the achievement post-tests. It also hypotheses that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group in the achievement-post tests. The work includes, randomly assessing two groups, one as an experimental and the other as a control group. Then applying a written pre-test to the two groups for the sake of equalization in pupils' achievement in English subject-matter and to equalize the groups concerning mother's education, father's education and pupils' achievement at previous schooling year 2020-2021. The experimental group is the group in which pupils are exposed to dynamic assessment strategy. Two groups are exposed to a post-test to know the effect of dynamic assessment strategy on developing EFL pupils’ achievement in English language. After the test, the data and findings were presented and appropriately statistically analyzed. The results explain that there is a significant difference between the achievement of the experimental group who is taught according to dynamic assessment strategy and the control group who is taught by using the conventional method. Moreover dynamic assessment strategy guide the students in the experimental group to better achievement at the posttest.

The Relationship of Mother's Pregnancy at A Young Age with The Emotional Development of Children Aged 3-5 Years Old in The Kebomas Health Center

Background: The percentage of emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool age children is quite high, namely 34.10%. One of the factors that affect the emotional development of children is the age of the mother when she was pregnant. Results and Methods: This study aims to determine the relationship between pregnancy at a young age and the emotional development of children aged 3-5 years. This study uses a historical cohort design. The research subjects were all pregnant women who were pregnant in 2017-2018 in the working area of ​​the Kebomas Health Center. The sample of this study amounted to 74 respondents. The independent variable, namely the emotional development of children, was measured using a questionnaire. The dependent variable, namely maternal age was measured using a questionnaire. External variables, namely the number of children, gender, mother and father's education, parenting, and income were measured using a questionnaire. The analysis used is chi square and multiple logistic regression. Conclusion: The results show that there is a relationship between pregnancy at a young age and the emotional development of children aged 3-5 years. Children aged 3-5 years who are born to mothers who are pregnant at a young age and have an 80% chance of experiencing emotional development disorders compared to adult mothers. Suggestions for adolescents, families, and health workers to pay attention to age during pregnancy so that they can avoid emotional disturbances for children aged 3-5 years by making a pregnancy program after 20-35 years.

Evaluation of Exclusive Breastfeeding Patterns for 6-month-old Infants of Fars Province

Introduction: Breastfeeding during the early months of life has benefits for both mother and baby and it is recommended that children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of their life. This study was conducted to determine the exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life and some associated factors in Fars Province.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1681 children aged 6 to 9 months. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included demographic questions and questions about breastfeeding and some predictive variables. The information was collected by interviewing the mothers in their homes. Data were analyzed via SPSS software version 16 and evaluated by descriptive and analytical tests (Chi-square test).&#x0D; Results: About 57% of infants were exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life. The main reason for the non-breastfeeding was the lack of enough breast milk. The variables such as residence, mother's occupation, father's education, type of delivery and place of delivery had a significant effect on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (P&lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding rate in Fars Province was better than some regions of Iran and even the world and the goal of the World Health Organization for 2025 has been achieved. The main reason for the non-breastfeeding was the lack of enough breast milk, which seems to be necessary to carry out inquiries and provide useful solutions to this problem.&#x0D;

Childhood lead exposure and sex-based neurobehavioral functioning in adolescence

It is well documented that childhood lead exposure is associated with long-term decreases in intelligence quotients (IQ). Lesser known is the relationship with neurobehavioral domains, especially in adolescence. This study sought to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between lead exposure and adolescent executive and visual-motor functioning and examine sex-based differences. Participants were 681 children from Jintan, China who had their blood lead levels (BLLs) assessed at age 3–5 years and 12 years old and neurobehavioral functioning assessed through the University of Pennsylvania Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PennCNB) platform http://www.med.upenn.edu/bbl at 12 years old. Mean BLLs were 6.41 mcg/dl at age 3–5 years and 3.10 mcg/dl at 12. BLLs at 3–5 years and 12 years were used as predictors for the individual neurobehavioral domains in general linear models while controlling for father and mother occupation and education, residence location, age, and adolescent IQ. Models were run separately for males and females. In adjusted models, males BLLs at 3–5 years were associated with increased time to correctly complete tasks in multiple domains including abstraction/flexibility (β = 19.90, 95% CI( 4.26, 35.54) and spatial processing (β = 96.00, 95% CI 6.18, 185.82) at 12 years. For females in adjusted models, BLLs at 3–5 years were associated with increasing time to correctly complete tasks on the episodic memory domain task (β = 34.59, 95% CI 5.33, 63.84) at 12 years. Two adolescent cross-sectional relationships remained in the adjusted models for males only, suggesting a positive association between BLLs and increasing time for correct responses on the attentional domain task (β = 15.08, 95% CI 0.65, 29.51) and decreasing time for correct responses on the episodic memory task (β = −73.49, 95% CI −138.91, −8.06) in males at 12 years. These associations remained with and without controlling for IQ. These results suggest that lead exposure is associated with overall deficits in male and female neurobehavioral functioning, though in different domains and different timing of exposure.

The Effect of Breastfeeding Duration and Parental Attitudes on Academic Success

This study aims to reveal the relationship between the academic success of the students and the duration of breastfeeding, parental attitude, and other variables.&#x0D; This cross-sectional study was conducted among 9th-grade high school students in 2019. A total of 501 students and their families participated in the research.&#x0D; Academic success in order of importance in multivariable linear regression analysis, the increase in the education level of the father, the preparation for the exam, the increase in the protective and democratic parental attitude, the shortening of the first walking age, and the increase in the maternal age increase the high school exam score. Breastfeeding duration and authoritarian parental attitudes were not found to be statistically significant.&#x0D; The protective and democratic attitude of the parents, the high level of father education, and early walking positively affect academic success, while the breastfeeding duration is insignificant.

Factors Affecting Urination Control in Children

Background: The time of urination control varies in chHildren with environmental, genetic, geographical, and other factors. Objectives: We examined factors affecting urination control in children. Methods: We enrolled children aged over five years at Amirkabir hospital and Imam Reza pediatric clinic, Arak, Iran. They were divided into two groups with and without urinary incontinence. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and urinary factors in children were gathered in questionnaires. Data were analyzed in the SPSS program by chi-square and t-test. Results: The mean age was 6.45 ± 1.96 years. There were 436 (44.2%) males and 550 (55.8%) females. Anatomic and functional bladder disorders, UTIs, and organic disorders were the most common genetic factors, and toilet training neglect was the least common etiologic factor. Factors such as gender, living area, father, and mother education significantly differed between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Proper and timely urination regarding personal, familial, and environmental factors plays a vital role in urination control in children.

Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 6–24 months under poverty alleviation policy in Shanxi province, China: A cross-sectional study

IntroductionChild malnutrition continues to be a major public health issue, accounting for 54% of all child mortality globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood malnutrition and its associated risk factors as well as to explore the best developmental strategy among infants and young children (IYC). MethodologyThis cross-sectional study was conducted six months after the distribution of nutritious YingYangBao (YYB). It involved children aged 6–24 months in Shaanxi Province, China. Data were collected via interviews with parents of IYC, followed by measurements of the children's height and weight. Data were analyzed using EpiInfo software and SPSSv.26, which encompassed descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Ethics approval and parents' informed consent were attained prior to the study. ResultA total of 3431 data were analyzed in the study. The prevalence of stunting was highest among IYC between 12 and 18 months (3.9%). Prevalence of underweight (0.5%) and wasting (1.5%) were highest among IYC aged 18–24 months while the prevalence of overweight was highest among IYC aged 6–12months (9.0%). Significant associating risk factors of malnutrition were IYC from Northern Shaanxi (aOR = 2.24; 95%CI:1.68–2.98) and mothers with parity ≥3 (aOR = 1.52; 95%CI:1.10–2.10). IYC with a higher educated father (aOR = 0.79; 95%CI:0.66–0.95), YYB intervention (aOR = 0.77; 95%CI:0.65–0.90), correct supplementary food time (aOR = 0.84; 95%CI:0.71–1.00) and separate supplementary food preparation (aOR = 0.79; 95%CI:0.66–0.95) were significantly associated with lower risk of malnutrition. ConclusionEven though the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting were relatively low (<5%), there is still a need to strengthen existing policies on child nutrition.

The association between dietary inflammatory index, dietary antioxidant index, and mental health in adolescent girls: an analytical study

BackgroundDiet is considered as one of the modifiable factors that appears to exert a vital role in psychological status. In this way, we designed this study to examine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII), dietary antioxidant index (DAI), and mental health in female adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 364 female adolescents selected from high schools in the five regions of Tabriz, Iran. A 3-day food record was used to extract the dietary data and calculate DII/DAI scores. DII and DAI were estimated to assess the odds of depression, anxiety, and stress based on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. Adjusted relationships of the DII and DAI with depression, anxiety, and stress were determined using multiple regression after adjusting for age, energy intake, BMI, family income and mother and father education. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI)-for-age > + 1 z-score relative to world health organization standards.ResultsDepression, anxiety, and stress were observed in 21.4%, 26.6%, and 25.7% of subjects, respectively. The percentage of overweight among adolescents was 19.4%. The association between DII and score of mental health profile was positive among subjects in the third tertile of DII compared to subjects in the first tertile. However, this association was not statistically significant after adjusting for confounding variables. Moreover, there was a significant inverse association between DAI and depression and anxiety; and a statistically insignificant association between DAI and stress after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsOur results highlighted the importance of a healthy and anti-inflammatory diet on mental health in female adolescents. Therefore, modifying unhealthy dietary habits are likely to be effective in the management of psychosocial disorders.

Analytical study of the impact of age chronotype and time preferences on the academic performance of secondary school students from a modest social background

The biological factors of the human being are subject to both endogenous and exogenous circadian rhythms. The effects of the latter on cognitive, psychomotor and academic performance is burdensome. During the weekdays, the adolescent interactions are regulated by the school rhythm on the one hand and the biological fluctuations on the other. However, no studies till nowdays have investigated the relationship of academic performance with age and chronotype or analyzed students’ time preferences of courses reviewing and familial socioeconomic status in a young Moroccan population. For this reason, we aimed to examine the impact of these variables on the scholar outcomes of Moroccan adolescents whose average age is 13 years, based on their grade levels.We used the “Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire (MEQ)” through its 19 multiple-choice questions to measure chronotype, while courses reviewing preferences on school days and familial socioeconomic status were investigated using a directive interview. As for the academic performance measures, we used the grade point average (GPA), extracted from “MASSAR platform” for each school subject.The majority of the sample is intermediate type (51.91 ± 9.66), 23.5% of it is morning type while the rest is evening type. Morning type students at all grade levels had a higher grade point average compared to moderate evening type. The results showed that chronotype has a main effect on both Humanistic/linguistic (p &lt; .024) and Physical education grades (p &lt; .031). While age (p&lt; .001), mothers’ educational level and fathers financial status all have a significatif effect on students’ academic performance. Our results opt for the consideration of students’circadian typology, grade levels, time preferences and familial socioeconomic status when planning the school calendar, aiming from administrators to make small changes in the scheduling patterns that may improve the academic performance at a law-cost.

English Writing and Social Stratification in Pakistan: Exploring the Role of SES on Students’ Writing

English writing skills are important in English language teaching due to the practice of evaluating students’ academic performance in English writing both of other subjects’ content knowledge and of English language itself. However, students come to high schools with baggage of varying linguistics competencies due to differential exposure to English at home and schools. Elite class students are exposed to social and linguistic capitals both in family and educational institutions, while ordinary people lack the resources to provide such exposure to their children. How such differential upbringing affect their performance in English language proficiency including English writing skills has been less focused earlier. This study explores the role of socioeconomic statuses on students’ writing skills. Employing qualitative research methodology, this study elicited English writing samples of different text types from the Higher Secondary School (HSSC) level students. Along with writing tasks as sample, data were also collected through ten students’ narratives and focus group discussion of five teachers. Data were analyzed inductively through coding, categories and themes. The study found that socioeconomic factors such as social capital that is environment, cultural capitals like mother and father education, reading books, watching English movies and cartoons and school contribute to the writing skills of the students. The study calls for giving more importance to the English writing skills in the English instructions.