Fat Thickness Measurements Research Articles

Measurement of epicardial fat thickness by transthoracic echocardiography for predicting high-risk coronary artery plaques.

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume is reported to be associated with coronary plaques. We evaluated whether non-invasive measurement of EAT thickness by echocardiography can predict high-risk coronary plaque characteristics determined independently by coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography. We enrolled 406 patients (mean age 63years, 57% male) referred for 64-slice CT. EAT was measured on the right ventricle free wall from a parasternal long-axis view at the end of systole. High-risk coronary plaques were defined as low-density plaques (<30Hounsfield units) with positive remodeling (remodeling index >1.05). Patients were divided into thin or thick EAT groups using a cutoff value derived from receiver operator characteristic curve analysis for discriminating high-risk plaques. The receiver operator characteristic cutoff value was 5.8mm with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 64% (area under the curve 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.70-0.83, p<0.01). Compared with the thin EAT group, the thick EAT group had a high prevalence of low-density plaques (4 vs. 24%, p<0.01), positive remodeling (39 vs. 60%, p<0.01), and high-risk plaques (3 vs. 17%, p<0.01). Multiple logistic analysis revealed that thick EAT was a significant predictor of high-risk plaques (odds ratio 7.98, 95% confidence interval 2.77-22.98, p<0.01) after adjustment for covariates, including conventional risk factors, visceral adipose tissue area, and medications. The measurement of EAT thickness by echocardiography may provide a non-invasive option for predicting high-risk coronary plaques.

Ultrasound measurement of pediatric visceral fat thickness: correlations with metabolic and liver profiles.

PurposeAbdominal obesity is a fundamental factor underlying the development of metabolic syndrome. Because of radiation exposure and cost, computed tomography or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to evaluate abdominal adiposity are not appropriate in children. Authors evaluated whether ultrasound results could be an indicator of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsWe enrolled 73 subjects (aged 6–16 years) who were evaluated abdominal adiposity by ultrasound. Subcutaneous fat thickness was defined as the measurement from the skin-fat interface to the linea alba, and visceral fat thickness (VFT) was defined as the thickness from the linea alba to the aorta. Anthropometric and biochemical metabolic parameters were also collected and compared. The subjects who met 2 criteria, radiologic confirmed fatty liver and alanine aminotransferase >40, were diagnosed with NAFLD.ResultsThere was a strong positive correlation between VFT and obesity. VFT was highly correlated with the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance score (r=0.403, P<0.001). The area under the curve for VFT as a predictor of NAFLD was 0.875 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.787–0.964). VFT of 34.3 mm was found to be the discriminating cutoff for NAFLD (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 71.2%, respectively).ConclusionUltrasound could be useful in measuring VFT and assessing abdominal adiposity in children. Moreover, increased VFT might be an appropriate prognostic factor for insulin resistance and NAFLD.

Echocardiographic Epicardial Fat Thickness Measurement and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Echocardiographic Epicardial Fat Thickness Measurement and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Mayo Adhesive Probability Score Is Associated With Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression-free Survival

To assess the association of the Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) score and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The MAP score is derived from cross-sectional imaging measurements of perinephric fat thickness and stranding. We identified 456 patients from a prospective registry who were treated surgically for localized RCC between 2002 and 2014. One reviewer calculated a preoperative MAP score (0-5) for each patient. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to estimate PFS. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association of MAP score with risk of progression univariately and after adjusting for covariates such as age, body mass index (BMI), and size, stage, grade, necrosis scores. Patients with higher MAP scores (4-5) were more likely to be male, to be older, to have higher BMI, and to have larger tumors (all P <.01). Of our total cohort, 405 patients had MAP scores and follow-up data to assess PFS. Dichotomizing MAP scores into high (MAP 4-5) and low (MAP 0-3) yields a hazard ratio of 2.16 for the 4-5 group vs 0-3 (95% confidence interval: 1.15-4.06, P = .017). Adjustment for BMI did not alter the association (BMI-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.20 [1.07-4.52], P = .032). Of interest, the association with MAP and PFS remains for pT1 RCC patients (n = 287, HR = 3.46 [1.06-11.24], P = .039). High MAP scores (4-5) are associated with decreased PFS in patients surgically treated for clinically localized RCC compared with patients with lower MAP scores (0-3). RCC aggressiveness may be associated with perinephric fat thickness and stranding.

Estimation of body fat in adults using a portable A-mode ultrasound

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate equations to estimate body fat based on anthropometric measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and muscle thickness (MT) measured by A-mode ultrasound (BodyMetrix) in Brazilian adults. MethodsIndividuals (n = 206) underwent air-displacement plethysmography for body composition assessment. Arm, thigh, and calf circumferences were also obtained. SFT from triceps, biceps, subscapular, abdominal, thigh, and calf regions and MT from triceps, biceps, thigh, and calf regions were measured by BodyMetrix. Prediction equations were developed by stepwise multiple linear regression using the circumferences, weight, height, SFT, and MT. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, mean difference, and 95% limits of agreement (95% LOA) were assessed in apparent and internal validity. ResultsThe prediction equation for whole-body fat for men included thigh circumference, triceps and thigh SFT, biceps MT, weight, and height. The equation for women included age, calf circumference, abdominal and calf SFT, weight, and height. The prediction equation overestimated men's whole-body fat by 0.5 percentual points, in average, and the lower and upper 95% LOA were −6.8% and 7.7%, respectively. For women, the prediction equation overestimated whole-body fat by 0.1 percentual points, in average. Lower and upper 95% LOA were −6.5% and 6.7%, respectively. Optimism-adjusted results using 500 repetitions with same size samples have shown similar results. Body fat extremes did not influence the whole-body fat estimation. ConclusionsBodyMetrix A-mode ultrasound, in association with selected conventional anthropometric measurements, proved to be a reliable tool for the estimation of body fat percentage.

Microwave non-contact imaging of subcutaneous human body tissues.

A small-size microwave sensor is developed for non-contact imaging of a human body structure in 2D, enabling fitness and health monitoring using mobile devices. A method for human body tissue structure imaging is developed and experimentally validated. Subcutaneous fat tissue reconstruction depth of up to 70 mm and maximum fat thickness measurement error below 2 mm are demonstrated by measurements with a human body phantom and human subjects. Electrically small antennas are developed for integration of the microwave sensor into a mobile device. Usability of the developed microwave sensor for fitness applications, healthcare, and body weight management is demonstrated.

Genetic correlation of traits measured by ultrasound at yearling and 18 months of age in Nellore beef cattle

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for carcass traits measured by ultrasound at yearling (Y) and 18 months of age (post-yearling, PY) in order to identify the most appropriate age for the measurement of these traits used for the selection of Nellore beef cattle. In addition, genetic correlations were estimated between these carcass traits and between carcass and other economically important traits such as scrotal circumference, weight, hip height at 18 months of age, age at first calving, and first calving interval (FCI). The carcass traits were longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), and rump fat thickness (RF) recorded at two different ages (Y and PY). Gibbs sampling was applied to estimate the genetic parameters using multiple trait animal model. The estimates of posterior heritabilities and standard deviations (SD) for the carcass traits were 0.46, SD=0.06 (LMA_Y), 0.42, SD=0.07 (BF_Y), 0.60, SD=0.09 (RF_Y), 0.33, SD=0.06 (LMA_PY), 0.59, SD=0.08 (BF_PY), and 0.55, SD=0.09 (RF_PY). The genetic parameters obtained in this study suggest the existence of genetic variability in all carcass traits at both ages. Hip height was negatively correlated with BF_PY and RF_PY, indicating that selection of taller animals may lead to animals that will deposit less subcutaneous fat. Selection for growth and carcass traits will not affect FCI, except for an increase in BF_PY which will increase FCI in the long term, possibly due to a correlated response, once the genetic correlation is moderate (0.40, SD= 0.17), and the posterior heritability for FCI was relatively low (0.11, SD= 0.03). The traits LMA, BF and RF measured at Y and at PY are practically the same traits since the genetic correlation are 0.83 (SD= 0.06), 0.94 (SD= 0.02) and 0.72 (SD= 0.07), respectively. In conclusion, ultrasound carcass traits should respond rapidly to selection and can be recorded only in one age, at Y or at PY. Furthermore, there is no need to include the two subcutaneous fat thickness measures (BF and RF) in selection criteria since they are highly genetic correlated. Genetic progress for these carcass traits can be achieved without affecting the breeding value of animals for other economic traits, since the most of genetic correlation estimates are favorable and of low magnitude.

Effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on the carcass characteristics of Katahdin lamb terminal crosses

Veterinaria México OA ISSN: 2448-6760Cite this as:Partida-de-la-Peña JA, Casaya-Rodríguez TA, Rubio-Lozano MS, Méndez-Medina RD. Effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on the carcass characteristics of Katahdin lamb terminal crosses. Veterinaria México OA. 2015;2(2). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.2.2.346.Zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation (0 vs. 0.15 mg/kg live weight) was evaluated based on the carcass characteristics of Katahdin x Charollais (32 KCh) and Katahdin x Dorper (28 KD) crosses. Lambs were fed a mixed ration with 14% crude protein (CP) and 2.9 Mcal EM/kg DM. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial design: 2 genotypes (KCh and KD) and 2 ZH levels (0 and 0.15 mg/kg live weight). No interaction was found between ZH and the genotypes. Zilpaterol hydrochloride increased dressing percentage from 52.1 ± 0.3 to 53.7 ± 0.4% (P &lt; 0.001). Animals that received ZH supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.001) the area of their Longissimus dorsi (Ld) by 18.5% and had 7.5% more muscle, 6.0% less bone and 22.4% less fat compared with control lambs (P &lt; 0.05). The breed of the sire had no effect on any of the variables studied. Final pH, fat thickness, conformation and linear carcass measurements did not change with ZH supplementation.Figure 1. Separation of the left shoulder [normalized method defined by Boccard and Dumont (1955) and modified by Colomer-Rocher et al., (1988)].

Effect of zilpaterol hydrochloride on the carcass characteristics of Katahdin lamb terminal crosses

Zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation (0 vs. 0.15 mg/kg live weight) was evaluated based on the carcass characteristics of Katahdin x Charollais (32 KCh) and Katahdin x Dorper (28 KD) crosses. Lambs were fed a mixed ration with 14% crude protein (CP) and 2.9 Mcal EM/kg DM. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial design: 2 genotypes (KCh and KD) and 2 ZH levels (0 and 0.15 mg/kg live weight). No interaction was found between ZH and the genotypes. Zilpaterol hydrochloride increased dressing percentage from 52.1 ± 0.3 to 53.7 ± 0.4% (P &lt; 0.001). Animals that received ZH supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.001) the area of their Longissimus dorsi (Ld) by 18.5% and had 7.5% more muscle, 6.0% less bone and 22.4% less fat compared with control lambs (P &lt; 0.05). The breed of the sire had no effect on any of the variables studied. Final pH, fat thickness, conformation and linear carcass measurements did not change with ZH supplementation.

Regional Fat Mass Estimations in Caucasian Adults from Regional Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Measured by Ultrasound

Objective. Obesity is increasingly characterized based on the regions of the body where fat is accumulated. Ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous fat thicknesses has been used to determine whole-body fat content. We report the use of ultrasound to determine regional fat mass. Methods. Multiple regression equations were developed for estimating fat mass in six body regions (upper arms, upper torso, mid-torso, lower torso, upper leg, and lower leg) using anthropometric data and regional subcutaneous fat thickness measured using ultrasound as compared to regional fat mass measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 99 female and 113 male subjects. Results. Multiple regression p-values were all significant at p<0.0001 while R2 values were 0.5577 and 0.6906 (chest), 0.7712 and .6763 (waist), 0.7535 and 0.2245 (hips), 0.8256 and 0.6309 (upper leg), 0.6699 and 0.5684 (calf), and 0.6711 and 0.5649 (upper arm) for females and males, respectively. Standard deviation of the residual ranged from 354g (upper arm) to 1471g (chest) in females and 368g (upper arm) to 6909g (hips) in males. Conclusions The multiple regression equations provide a simple and effective way of estimating regional fat mass and body composition using ultrasound technology.

IS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EPICARDIAL FAT THICKNESS RELEVANT TO EPICARDIAL FAT VOLUME BY MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY?

Although echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness (EFT) measurement and multidetector computed tomography (CT)-based epicardial fat volume (EFV) could be helpful for assessing subclinical vascular damage, there is no study detailing the association between echocardiographic EFT and CT-based EFV.

Hip Fractures Risk in Older Men and Women Associated With DXA-Derived Measures of Thigh Subcutaneous Fat Thickness, Cross-Sectional Muscle Area, and Muscle Density.

Mid-thigh cross-sectional muscle area (CSA), muscle attenuation, and greater trochanter soft tissue thickness have been shown to be independent risk factors of hip fracture. Our aim was to determine whether muscle and adipose tissue measures derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans would have a similar risk association as those measured using other imaging methods. Using a case-cohort study design, we identified 169 incident hip fracture cases over an average of 13.5 years among participants from the Health ABC Study, a prospective study of 3075 individuals initially aged 70 to 79 years. We modeled the thigh 3D geometry and compared DXA and computed tomography (CT) measures. DXA-derived thigh CSA, muscle attenuation, and subcutaneous fat thickness were found to be highly correlated to their CT counterparts (Pearson's r = 0.82, 0.45, and 0.91, respectively; p < 0.05). The fracture risk of men and women were calculated separately. We found that decreased subcutaneous fat, CT thigh muscle attenuation, and appendicular lean mass by height squared (ALM/Ht(2)) were associated with fracture risk in men; hazard ratios (HR) = 1.44 (1.02, 2.02), 1.40 (1.05, 1.85), and 0.58 (0.36, 0.91), respectively, after adjusting for age, race, clinical site, body mass index (BMI), chronic disease, hip bone mineral density (BMD), self-reported health, alcohol use, smoking status, education, physical activity, and cognitive function. In a similar model for women, only decreases in subcutaneous fat and DXA CSA were associated with hip fracture risk; HR = 1.39 (1.07, 1.82) and 0.78 (0.62, 0.97), respectively. Men with a high ALM/Ht(2) and low subcutaneous fat thickness had greater than 8 times higher risk for hip fracture compared with those with low ALM/Ht(2) and high subcutaneous fat. In women, ALM/Ht(2) did not improve the model when subcutaneous fat was included. We conclude that the DXA-derived subcutaneous fat thickness is a strong marker for hip fracture risk in both men and women, especially in men with high ALM/Ht(2).

The relationship of periaortic fat thickness and cardiovascular risk factors in children with Turner syndrome.

Children with Turner syndrome (TS) have a broad range of later health problems, including an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periaortic fat thickness (PAFT) and metabolic and cardiovascular profiles in children with TS. Twenty-nine TS and 29 healthy children and adolescents were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measurements, pubertal staging, and blood pressure measurements were performed. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. Periaortic fat thickness was measured using an echocardiography method, which has not previously been applied in children with TS. No difference was found between TS and control subject (CS) in age, weight, waist/hip ratio, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. However, in TS subjects, total cholesterol (p = 0.045) was greater than that in controls. It was determined that 13.7 % (N: 4) of TS subjects had dyslipidemia. Mean fasting glucose, fasting insulin, QUICK-I, HOMA, and FGIR index were similar in TS and in CS, whereas 17.2 % (N: 5) of TS subjects had insulin resistance (IR) and 13.7 % (N: 4) had impaired glucose tolerance. Six subjects (20.6 %) were diagnosed as hypertensive. Periaortic fat thickness was significantly higher in the TS group (p < 0.001) (0.1694 ± 0.025 mm in the TS group and 0.1416 ± 0.014 mm in the CS group) In children with TS, PAFT was positively correlated with fasting insulin, body mass index, and diastolic blood pressure. Our results provide additional evidence for the presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease in TS. In addition to existing methods, we recommend the measurement of periaortic fat thickness in children with TS to reveal the presence of early atherosclerosis.

Association of Peripheral Total and Differential Leukocyte Counts with Obesity-Related Complications in Young Adults

Objective: Obesity has been demonstrated to be associated with elevated leukocytes in adults and children. This study assessed the associations between peripheral total and differential leukocyte counts and obesity-related complications in young adults. Methods: 12 obese (median age 21.5 (range 19-28) years, median BMI 35.7 (range 32.0-44.9) kg/m²) and 11 normal (median age 23 (range 18-27) years, median BMI 19.5 (range 18.1-21.7) kg/m²) adults were enrolled. Complete blood count and serum levels of liver enzymes, fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipids were measured, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was calculated. Fat mass was calculated using a bioimpedance analysis device, and ultrasonography was performed to measure fat thickness and to detect fatty change of the liver. Results: Total leukocyte and monocyte counts were significantly increased in obese young adults. Total leukocyte count was associated with liver enzyme levels, insulin resistance as well as visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness. Neutrophil count was associated with insulin resistance. Lymphocyte count was associated with serum liver enzymes, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Monocyte count was associated with serum liver enzyme, insulin resistance, visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness, body fat mass, and percentage body fat. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that chronic low-grade systemic inflammation is associated with obesity-related complications such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in young adults.

Comparison of ultrasonography and skinfold measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness in the evaluation of body composition

Objectives:To determine the amount of body fat tissue with skinfold thickness measurements is a common method to estimate the body composition. The other method used for this purpose is ultrasonography which is expensive and needs specialization to apply. In this study, validity of skinfold thickness measurements was investigated using ultrasonography. Methods: One hundred adult volunteers (50 males and 50 females) were used in this study. The ages of the subjects were 20to 70, selected as10 males and 10 females for each decade. Subcutaneous fat thickness of the subjects were measured at sevenbody sites (submandibula, triceps, biceps, subscapula, suprailiac, thigh and calf) using a skinfold caliper and an ultrasound equipment. The measurements were made by the same person on the right side of the body, while the subject was standing in aupright position. Results: Mean ultrasonographic measurements were smaller than those performed using a skinfold caliper at all areas(p<0.05). Measurements performed with these two techniques were correlated significantly (p<0.001) at submandibular (r=0.596), subscapular (r=0.692), suprailiac (r=0.706), triceps (r=0.751), biceps (r=0.752), thigh (r=0.802) and calf (r=0.849)areas. Conclusion:The skinfold thickness measurements made using skinfold caliper provides reliable information about the subcutaneous fat tissue

Genetic and phenotypic relationships of live body measurement traits and carcass traits in crossbred pigs of Korea

This study presents the estimates of heritabilities of body measurement traits and carcass traits, and genetic and phenotypic correlations of those traits for crossbred pigs in Korea. Body and ultrasound (A mode: Piglog 105) measurements in 221 pigs including body weight, length, height and width, three back fat thickness at the points of 4th, 14th rib and chine bone, eye muscle area and lean meat percent were collected at the ages of 70, 145 and 180 days and then slaughtered to measure carcass weight, back fat, belly, collar butt, spare rib, picnic shoulder, hind leg, loin, tenderloin, lean meat yield and intramuscular rough fat content in loin. Genetic analysis was done using a multi-trait animal model. Heritabilties of the body measurements were ranged from 0.331 to 0.559 and three measurements of back fat thickness were also high as range varying from 0.402 to 0.475 for the ages of 145 and 180 days. However, eye muscle area was moderate (0.296) at the age of 180 days. Heritabilities of retail cut yields were also high as ranged from 0.387 to 0.474 and of IMF content in loin was 0.499. Heritabilities of the cut percent traits were ranged from 0.249 to 0.488. Important positive genetic and phenotypic correlations were noted for all carcass yield traits (0.298 to 0.875 and 0.432 to 0.922, respectively). IMF showed low negative genetic correlations with carcass yield traits, such as carcass weight, picnic shoulder, hind leg, loin, tenderloin and lean meat yield whereas low positive genetic correlations with back fat, belly, collar butt and spare rib. Loin, tenderloin and lean meat percent showed negative genetic correlations with carcass weight, back fat thickness, collar butt, spare rib and picnic shoulder percent. The four body measurements at the ages of 70, 145 and 180 days had positive genetic correlations with belly, shoulder butt, spare rib, picnic shoulder and hind leg percent, but negative genetic correlations were shown with loin and tenderloin percent except body measurements at 70 days. The results suggest that carcass yield are negatively correlated with intramuscular fat content, which is a major factor deciding pork quality and the yield of loin and tenderloin are not increased as much as increase in body size. However, the proportions of belly and collar butt are increased with the body size. In conclusion, selection strategy should be designed according to the preference on composition of carcass in each country.

P23.04: Ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness as an independent predictor for adverse pregnancy outcomes

<scp>P</scp>23.04: Ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness as an independent predictor for adverse pregnancy outcomes

PP044-SUN: Site-Specific Ultrasonographic Measurement of Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Compared with Whole-Body Dexa Lean and Fat Mass in Older Individuals

portioned by service personnel using standardized portioning tableware. Energy (KJ) and protein (g) intakes were estimated by nursing staff using three visual methods: Method A: Food registration (each item, meat/fish, vegetables, potatoes, sauce) Method B: Reduced Plate Method (consumed 0, 25, 50 or 100%) Method C: Plate Method (consumed 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100%) As reference method separate weighting of all food items preand post serving was used. Results are given as median and [25%>, 75%> percentiles]. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used, Alpha level 0.05. Results: The total energy served pr. lunch meal was 893.6 KJ [830.4 1034.3] and the weighed intake 676.6 kJ [421.4 870.0]. The median intake estimated by method A: 663.0 KJ [389.0 873.0] (p = 0.044), method B: 487.8 KJ [316.5 873.0] (p < 0.001) and method C: 636.0 KJ [436.5 873.0] (p < 0.001) respectively. The weighted protein content pr. served meal was 13.0 g [11.4 15.4] with a weighted intake of 10.3 g [5.3 13.1]. The median intake estimated by method A: 10.7 g [5.3 11.7] (P= 0.045), method B: 8.0 g [4.8 11.7] (p < 0.001) and method C: 9.3 g [5.8 11.7] (p < 0.001). Conclusion: All visual methods underestimated energy intake. Methods B and C underestimated protein intake whereas method A overestimated protein intake. However, best estimates was found using method A.

Grading scale of visceral adipose tissue thickness and their relation to the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The mesenteric fat is drained by the portal system, being related to the metabolic syndrome which is an impor-tant risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Graduate of visceral fat thickness and correlate with the NAFLD degree through ultrasonography method. We studied 352 subjects for age, gender, measures of subcutaneous fat thickness and visceral fat thickness as well as the presence and degree of liver fatty. Was analyzed the independent relationship between visceral fat thickness and NAFLD, and linear regression analysis was used in order to predict the visceral fat thickness from subcutaneous fat thickness. The mean age of 225 women (63.9%) and 127 men (36.1%) was 47.5 ± 14.0 (18-77) years, 255 subjects had normal examinations, 97 had NAFLD thus distributed, 37 grade 1, 32 grade 2, and 28 grade 3. The subcutaneous fat thickness ranged from 0.26 to 3.50 cm with a mean of 1.3 ± 0.6 cm and visceral fat thickness ranged from 0.83 to 8.86 cm with a mean of 3.6 ± 1.7 cm. Linear regression showed that for every increase of 1 cm in subcutaneous fat thickness the visceral fat thickness will increase 0.9 cm. The visceral fat thickness measured by ultrasonography is a useful and seems to be able to help estimate the risk of NAFLD.

Estudo radiográfico do posicionamento da falange distal e suas possíveis correlações com obesidade em equinos de patrulhamento da Polícia Militar do Estado de Minas Gerais

Com o objetivo de se verificarem possíveis correlações entre a falange distal, o estojo córneo e a obesidade, 55 equinos de patrulhamento provenientes do Regimento de Cavalaria Alferes Tiradentes do Estado de Minas Gerais - RCAT tiveram seus dígitos torácicos radiografados. Posteriormente, os animais foram classificados quanto ao acúmulo de tecido adiposo regional por métodos subjetivos (escore corporal e escore de pescoço) e objetivos (índice de massa corporal, circunferência do pescoço e determinação de espessura do tecido adiposo por meio de ultrassonografia na inserção da cauda e do abdômen). Na população estudada, o índice de massa corporal evidenciou que 52,6% dos equinos se encontravam acima do peso. A circunferência do pescoço a 50% de seu comprimento dorsal e a medida ultrassonográfica na inserção da cauda se mostraram os melhores métodos objetivos para quantificar o acúmulo de tecido adiposo. Foram identificadas particularidades radiográficas características da população estudada que diferem de parâmetros internacionais. Observaram-se correlações significantes entre sinais de obesidade e medidas radiográficas indicadoras de laminite, sugerindo associação entre essas duas condições na população estudada.