Fat-soluble Vitamins Research Articles

Enteral formulas for nutritional support of patients with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease characterized by impaired functioning of the glands of external secretion, the phenomena of maldigestion, malabsorption, chronic inflammation in the bronchopulmonary system, which negatively affects the nutritional status. Among patients with CF, regardless of age, there is a high prevalence of malnutrition, which has a multifactorial nature and leads to somatic and psychological consequences, significantly worsens the course and prognosis of the disease, and reduces the quality of life. The high-risk group consists of adolescent children due to the increased energy needs of the body during this period and the progression of the severity of the disease with age. A good nutritional status (NS) is an important parameter for successful control of the CF flow. General dietary recommendations for CF include an increased energy value of food (up to 200% of the target values of kca /day for healthy individuals) while taking pancreatic enzymes. An increased intake of protein, fat, salt, and fat-soluble vitamins is recommended. Important nutritional factors are polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, pre-probiotics, trace elements, and antioxidants. It is necessary to take preventive measures to prevent the development of malnutrition and timely correct existing deficiencies, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. For this purpose, specialized therapeutic nutrition is used. A wide range of such products in the form of ready-made (drinks, yoghurts, creamy products) or dry mixes to increase the energy and biological value of the actual diet is the best option for correcting the nutritional needs of patients with CF. They have proven clinical efficacy and safety, are well absorbed and tolerated, convenient and easy to use for patients, which significantly increases compliance and improves the result of treatment. The available assortment allows you to choose a personalized approach to each patient, taking into account the general condition, age, existing complications, and associated diseases. The review highlights the causes of nutritional deficiency, changes in approaches to diet therapy against the background of targeted therapy, enteral nutrition products recommended for patients with MV in the territory of the Russian Federation and indications for their appointment.

Transgenic black soldier flies for production of carotenoids

The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has gained traction recently as a means to achieve closed-loop production cycles. BSF can subsist off mammalian waste products and their consumption of such waste in turn generates compost that can be used in agricultural operations. Their environmental impact is minimal and BSF larvae are edible, with a nutritional profile high in protein and other essential vitamins. Therefore, it is conceivable to use BSF as a mechanism for both reducing organic waste and maintaining a low-impact food source for animal livestock or humans. The main drawback to BSF as a potential human food source is they are deficient in fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamins A, D, and E. While loading BSF with essential vitamins may be achieved via diet-based interventions, this undercuts the goal of a closed-loop as specialized diets would require additional supply chains. An alternative is to genetically engineer BSF that can synthesize these essential vitamins. Here we describe a BSF line that has been engineered with the two main carotenoid biosynthetic genes, CarRA and CarB for production of provitamin carotenoids within the Vitamin A family. Our data describe the manipulation of the BSF genome to insert transgenes for expression of functional protein products.

Effect of three probiotic Bacillus strains supplemented feeds on growth, carcass composition and blood parameters of Clarias magur (Hamilton)

ABSTRACT Lysinibacillus sphaericus PKA17, Bacillus cereus PKA18 and Bacillus thuringiensis PKA19, isolated from the intestine of adult indigenous magur (Clarias magur), were evaluated as putative probiotics for the cultivation of C. magur fingerlings. A total of 180 magur fingerlings (average weight 4.01 ± 0.01 g) were randomly distributed into four dietary groups in triplicate. The fingerlings were cultivated for 120 days into continuous-flow experimental rectangular cemented tanks (195 × 105 × 90 cm3; 1600 l; 5 cm bottom mud). Probiotics were mixed in feed (PT1: 2 × 106 L. sphaericus PKA17 cells; PT2: 2 × 106 B. cereus PKA18 cells; PT3: 2 × 106 B. thuringiensis PKA19 cfu/kg of basal feed where, PT = Probiotic treated) and fed to different dietary groups of fish. However, the control feed comprises of basal ingredients, and was not supplemented with any bacterial isolate. Fish carcass composition revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher amounts of carbohydrate (2.8 ± 0.06 g kg−1), iron (2.21 ± 0.01 mg 100 g−1), fat-soluble vitamins and amino acid in fish fed PT1 than other groups. Fish fed PT1 feed also displayed a considerably higher protein efficiency ratio (2.05 ± 0.01) and lower feed conversion ratio (1.23 ± 0.01). Higher carcass protein content (164.9 ± 0.23 g kg−1) was observed in fish fed PT3 feed followed by PT1 and PT2. Fish fed probiotic-supplemented feed (PT1, PT2, and PT3) showed higher amounts of high-density lipoprotein and calcium than the control-fed fish. High survivability was observed in fish fed probiotic-feed compared to the control group. The results suggest that feed (PT1, PT2, PT3) incorporated with these probiotics might enhance the growth of C. magur in captivity, which may promote the cultivation of this endangered species.

Vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in improving the prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study.

Vitamin D is a crucial fat-soluble vitamin that has garnered significant attention due to its potential impact on respiratory health. It is noteworthy that many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often experience deficiencies or insufficiencies of vitamin D. To address this issue, our retrospective study aimed to explore the potential association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and the prognoses of COPD patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This study utilised data from the Medical Information Marketplace in Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV), a database of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) in the United States of America, with a focus on patients with a diagnosis of COPD. These patients were categorized into two groups: those who received vitamin D supplementation during their ICU stay and those who did not. We assessed in-hospital mortality and ICU mortality outcomes. Our analysis involved various analytical tools, including Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox proportional risk regression models, and subgroup analyses, to investigate the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and these outcomes. Additionally, we employed propensity-score matching (PSM) to enhance the reliability of our findings. The study included a total of 3,203 COPD patients, with 587 in the vitamin D group and 2,616 in the no-vitamin D group. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated a significant difference in survival probability between the two groups. After adjusting for potential confounders using Cox regression models, the vitamin D group exhibited a substantially lower risk of in-hospital and ICU mortalities compared to the no-vitamin D group. The hazard ratios for in-hospital and ICU mortalities in the vitamin D group were 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3, 2.3) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.6), respectively. Propensity-score matching (PSM) estimation yielded consistent results. Furthermore, in the subgroup analysis, female patients who received vitamin D supplementation showed a reduced risk of in-hospital mortality. The study suggests that vitamin D supplementation may be linked to a reduction in in-hospital and ICU mortalities among COPD patients in the ICU. Of particular note is the potential benefit observed in terms of in-hospital mortality, especially for female patients.

Unveiling the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Dried Egyptian Jew's Mallow Stems as a Promising Anticancer Agent.

Phytochemicals from waste materials generated by agricultural and industrial processes have become globally significant due to their accessibility and potential effectiveness with few side effects. These compounds have essential implications in both medicine and the economy. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of the phytochemical profile, sugar types, and water-soluble vitamins of dried Corchorus olitorius L."DJMS" extract (dried Jew's mallow stem) was carried out with HPLC. In addition, the chemical composition, TPC, chlorophyll a and b, beta-carotene, and antioxidant effect using DPPH were investigated. Furthermore, the anticancer activity of the DJMS was evaluated by SRB assay using Huh-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. In the quantitative study, DJMS extract showed a high antioxidant potential (67%) due to its content of bioactive compounds such as TPC (276.37 mg 100 g-1) and chlorophyll a and b (20.31, 12.02 mg 100 g-1, respectively), as well as some vitamins and minerals such as B-complex (B12; 146.8 mg 100 g-1 and vitamin C 6.49 mg 100 g-1) and selenium (<0.2 μg kg-1). Moreover, the main sugar types found were sucrose and stachyose, which recorded 9.23 and 6.25 mg 100 g-1, respectively. Identifying phenolic and flavonoids showed that the major components were ellagic acid (4905.26 μg kg-1), ferulic acid (3628.29 μg kg-1), chlorogenic acid (3757.08 μg kg-1), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (4314.48 μg kg-1), naringin (4296.94 μg kg-1) and apigenin-6-rhamnose-8 glucoside (3078.87 μg kg-1). The dried stem extract showed significant MDA-MB-231 inhibition activity and reached 80% at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL of DJMS extract, related to the content of phytochemical components such as isoflavones like genistein (34.96 μg kg-1), which had a tremendous anticancer effect. Hence, the stem of Jew's mallow (which is edible and characterized by its viability and low production cost) possesses the capacity to serve as a pharmaceutical agent for combating cancer owing to its abundance of bioactive components.

Metal Content, Fatty Acid and Vitamins in Commercially Available Canned Fish on the Bulgarian Market: Benefit-Risk Ratio Intake.

Today, the distribution and consumption of canned products have become widespread due to the convenience of using processed fish products. This study aims to evaluate elements of toxicological concern and essential elements (Cd, Al, Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn), the fatty acid composition, and the fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant pigment contents of various canned fish products purchased on the Bulgarian market. The estimated weekly intake and human health benefit-risk ratio based on metal elements and n-3 LC-PUFA contents in canned fish products were assessed. The contents of the analyzed elements in the canned samples were found to be below the limits set by various health organizations. Al was detected in only one sample. The profile of fatty acids showed that the canned fish had high PUFA/SFA ratios, EPA + DHA contents and low SFA, AI and TI values. The analyzed canned fish contained significant contents of fat-soluble vitamins. The Atlantic bonito in a jar sample was characterized by a high percentage of vitamin A (26.7% RDI) and vitamin D3 (142% RDI) per 100 g portion. The calculated EWI value shows that the consumption of canned fish products did not present any risk. The benefit-risk ratio indicates that the canned fish species are safe for human consumption, except for one sample regarding Cr.

Pancreatitis in cystic fibrosis: Presentation, medical and surgical management, and the impact of modulator therapies.

Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) are at increased risk of acute (AP) and chronic (CP) pancreatitis, and their complications. The extent of remaining healthy pancreatic parenchyma determines the risk of developing future episodes of pancreatitis, as well as pancreatic exocrine or endocrine insufficiency. Pancreatitis may be the presenting symptom of CF, and genetic testing is especially important in pediatrics. AP and recurrent AP are managed with intravenous fluid hydration and pain control, in addition to early refeeding and treatment of complications. With the use of modulator therapy in CF, pancreatic function may be restored to some extent. CP related pain is managed with analgesics and neuromodulators, with surgery if indicated in specific situations including TPIAT as a possible type of surgical intervention. Long-term sequelae of CP in patients with CF include exocrine pancreatic insufficiency treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies and associated metabolic complications such as bone disease/osteoporosis, pancreatogenic diabetes, and less commonly, pancreatic cancer. We review the presentation and etiologies of pancreatitis in CF patients as well as the management of AP and CP primarily in children.

EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D IN NEONATES AND YOUNG INFANTS: AN UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for calcium metabolism, maintaining calcium homeostasis, and supporting skeletal mineralization. Low maternal levels of vitamin D during pregnancy are linked to various adverse neonatal outcomes. This study aims to systematically review the effects of Vitamin D in neonates and infants in literatures of the last 5 years. Methods: The systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 standards and examined full-text English literature published between 2019 and 2024. This review excluded editorials, review papers from the same journal, and submissions without a DOI. Literature was sourced from online platforms such as PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Result: A total of 2,866 articles were retrieved from online databases (PubMed, SagePub, SpringerLink and Google Scholar). After three rounds of screening, four articles directly relevant to the systematic review were selected for full-text reading and analysis. Conclusion: Vitamin D is essential for skeletal, immune, and neurodevelopmental health in children. Maternal supplementation during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring adequate levels in infants and neonates, along with promoting sunlight exposure and dietary intake, particularly in regions with high rates of maternal vitamin D deficiency.

Effects of antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) administration on gene expression, metabolic, antioxidants and immunological profiles during transition period in dromedary camels

BackgroundNutrition has a primary role for optimum expression of genetic potential, and most of the farmers have limited resources of green fodder. Hence, a fat-soluble vitamin, especially vitamin A and E and trace elements remained most critical in the animal’s ration and affects their productive and reproductive performance adversely. Animals cannot be able to produce these vitamins in their bodies; hence, an exogenous regular supply is needed to fulfil the physiological needs and to maintain high production performance. This study elucidated effects of antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) administration on gene expression, metabolic, antioxidants and immunological parameters in dromedary camels during transition period.ResultsAt 0 day, there were no appreciable differences in the expression patterns of the metabolic (IGF-I, ACACA, SCD, FASN, LPL, and BTN1A1) genes between the control and treatment groups, despite lower levels. A substantial variation in the mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD3, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX6, and AhpC/TSA was observed between the control and treatment groups, according to the antioxidant markers. In comparison to the control group, the treatment group displayed a significant up-regulation at 0 and 21 days. The treatment and control groups exhibited substantial differences in the mRNA values of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, as indicated by immunological markers. In comparison to the control group, there was a noticeable down-regulation in the treatment group at 0 and + 21 days. But IL10 produced the opposite pattern. No significant difference was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, total protein, NEFA, BHBA, cortisol and IGF-1 levels between control and treatment group. The activity of serum GPx, SOD and TAC was significantly affected by time and treatment x time in supplemented groups as compared with control group. IL-1, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF were noticeably greater in the control group and lower in the treatment group. Additionally, in all groups, the concentration of all pro-inflammatory cytokines peaked on the day of delivery and its lowest levels showed on day 21 following calving. The IL-10 level was at its peak 21 days prior to calving and was lowest on calving day.ConclusionThe results demonstrated a beneficial effect of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements on the metabolic, antioxidant and immunological markers in dromedary camels throughout their transition period.

The Biological Active Substances of Taraxacum officinale and Arctium lappa from the Siberian Federal District.

Currently, scientists are increasingly focusing on utilizing the natural flora of the planet to search for and isolate individual bioactive substances that prevent various diseases, contribute to increased life expectancy, and affect all major life-supporting systems in the human body. This study describes the examination of the composition of plant raw materials from the Siberian Federal District. The research focuses on plant specimens from the root parts of Taraxacum officinale and Arctium lappa, collected in the Kemerovo region. The study determines the contents of the water-soluble vitamins B and C in the research subjects. The investigation includes assessing antioxidant properties, antimicrobial activity, and flavonoid content in extracts based on plant raw materials. All samples show a high percentage of antioxidant activity, with the highest antioxidant activity for T. officinale at 85.51 and that for A. lappa at 88.97. The results indicate low antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (growth inhibition zone up to 15.5 mm). Plant extracts contain significant amounts of B-group vitamins, with pyridoxine in T. officinale (156.40 μg/mL) and thiamine (46.20 μg/mL) and pyridoxine (357.10 μg/mL) in Arctium lappa. Flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) are identified in T. officinale and A. lappa extracts based on the study results.

Transcriptome analysis reveals regulatory mechanisms of different drought-tolerant Gleditsia sinensis seedlings under drought stress

BackgroundGleditsia sinensis is a significant tree species from both ecological and economic perspectives. However, its growth is hampered by temporary droughts during the seedling stage, thereby impeding the development of the G. sinensis industry. Drought stress and rehydration of semi-annual potted seedlings using an artificial simulated water control method. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were conducted on leaves collected from highly resistant (HR) and highly susceptible (HS) seedling families at five different stages during the process of drought stress and rehydration to investigate their gene expression patterns.ResultsThe differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly enriched in pathways related to “chloroplast” (GO:0009507), “photosynthesis” (GO:0015979), “plant hormone signal transduction” (map04075), “flavonoid biosynthesis” (map00941), “stress response”, “response to reactive oxygen species (ROS)” (GO:0000302), “signal transduction” (GO:0007165) in G. sinensis HR and HS families exposed to mild and severe drought stress. Additionally, the pathways related to “plant hormone signal transduction” (map04075), and osmoregulation were also enriched. The difference in drought tolerance between the two families of G. sinensis may be associated with “transmembrane transporter activity” (GO:0022857), “stress response”, “hormones and signal transduction” (GO:0007165), “cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis” (map00073), “ribosome” (map03010), “photosynthesis” (map00195), “sugar metabolism”, and others. An enrichment analysis of DEGs under severe drought stress suggests that the drought tolerance of both families may be related to “water-soluble vitamin metabolic process” (GO:0006767), “photosynthesis” (map00195), “plant hormone signal transduction” (map04075), “starch and sucrose metabolism” (map00500), and “galactose metabolism” (map00052). Osmoregulation-related genes such as delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), Amino acid permease (AAP), Amino acid permease 2 (AAP2) and Trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS), as well as the antioxidant enzyme L-ascorbate peroxidase 6 (APX6), may be significant genes involved in drought tolerance in G. sinensis. Five genes were selected randomly to validate the RNA-seq results using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and they indicated that the transcriptome data were reliable.ConclusionsThe study presents information on the molecular regulation of the drought tolerance mechanism in G. sinensis and provides a reference for further research on the molecular mechanisms involved in drought tolerance breeding of G. sinensis.

Analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites in biological samples – Part I: Optimization and comparison of UHPSFC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS methods

Fat-soluble vitamin D is an essential bioactive compound important for human health. Insufficient vitamin D levels can result not only in bone disease but also in other disorders, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and diseases related to poor immune function. The current methods commonly used for vitamin D analysis are often applied to determine the levels of the most abundant metabolite in plasma, i.e., 25-OH-D2/D3. These methods do not consider the presence of other hydroxylated and esterified metabolites, including isomers and epimers, which are typically found in low concentrations.In this study, we developed a fast and selective ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) method using a 150 mm long 1-amino anthracene (1-AA) column and a mobile phase consisting of carbon dioxide and methanol/isopropanol (1/1, v/v) mixed with 8 % water. After thorough optimization of column temperature and back pressure, the separation of four vitamin D3 esters, vitamin D3 and D2, and eight mono- and di-hydroxylated metabolites, including three groups of isomers, was achieved in 10 min. Two ion sources, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization optimized within this study, were compared in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. No significant sensitivity differences were observed. Subsequently, the same 1-AA column chemistry was examined in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) as the stationary phase that could hypothetically bring different selectivity in the separation of vitamin D and its metabolites. However, this hypothesis was rejected, and C18 was used as a stationary phase in the final optimized UHPLC-MS/MS method. Despite detailed optimization, the final 15 min UHPLC method was not able to separate di-hydroxylated isomers of vitamin D3, while it enabled better resolution of esterified forms compared to UHPSFC.Optimized methods provided similar repeatability of retention times and peak areas, with RSD < 2 % and 10 %, respectively. The lowest limits of quantification were in the range of 1.2 – 4.9 ng/mL for UHPSFC-APCI-MS/MS, while for UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS, they were typically in the range of 2.6 – 9.6 ng/mL. Based on the obtained results, the UHPSFC-APCI-MS/MS method was the most promising approach for fast, selective, and sensitive analysis that could be applied in the analysis of biological samples with emphasis on the separation of both hydroxylated and esterified metabolites, including isomeric forms.

Intravenous Vitamin C as an Add-on Therapy for the Treatment of Sepsis in an Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background and Objectives: According to the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3), sepsis is defined as "life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection". The increased presence of free radicals causes an increase in oxidative stress. Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble vitamin with antioxidant activity and immunoregulatory effects that plays a potential role in the treatment of bacterial infections. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding vitamin C to the conventional treatment of sepsis to decrease its mortality rate. Materials and Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we included patients with a diagnosis of sepsis and a SOFA score ≥ 9 who were evaluated in an Intensive Care Unit at a secondary-care hospital. According to the intensive care specialist, they were treated using two different strategies: Group 1-patients with sepsis treated with conventional treatment without vitamin C; Group 2-patients with sepsis with the addition of vitamin C to conventional treatment. Results: We included 34 patients with sepsis. The incidence of mortality was 38%, and 47% of patients used vitamin C as an adjuvant to the basic treatment of sepsis. In the basal analyses, patients treated with use of vitamin C compared to patients treated without vitamin C required less use of glucocorticoids (75% vs. 100%, p = 0.039). At follow-up, patients treated without vitamin C had higher mortality than patients treated with vitamin C as an adjuvant for the treatment of sepsis (55.6% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.03). We observed that the use of vitamin C was a protective factor for mortality in patients with sepsis (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31-0.96, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The use of vitamin C as an adjuvant to treatment decreases the risk of mortality by 46% in patients with sepsis and SOFA ≥ 9 compared to patients treated without vitamin C as an adjuvant to sepsis.

Covid-19 And The Level of Awareness of Vitamin D Among Saudi Population – A Cross-Sectional Study of Dental Public Health Perspective

Introduction: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin of importance necessary for calcium homeostasis, healthy bones, and prevention of fractures. It has also been linked to many metabolic, infectious and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D levels are also being studied with respect to oral health issues such as dental caries, and periodontitis. Vitamin D deficiencies have been found to be relatively common among Covid-19 patients and who received supplements experienced less severe symptoms. The credible proposals for vitamin D supplementation to avoid infection and mortality due to Covid-19 validate the chance of raising public awareness on significance of its health benefits. Thus, we carried out this research to study the influence of Covid-19 on Saudi Arabian population's awareness of vitamin D with a dental public health perspective. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of the Saudi Arabian general population was undertaken with 240 subjects, including men and women chosen at random varying a range of age groups from 18 to 74 years after consent and institutional approval. Sample size was computed using G-power software. Pretested, validated questionnaire, translated to Arabic was disseminated through e-mails and all prominent social medias. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test at 5% significance level. Results: Out of 240 people participated; 57% were men, and 43% were women. Majority were between the ages of 18 and 30 years. 65% of the participants were aware that vitamin D is important for bone health, supports oral health, reducing tooth decay, and lowering the risk of heart disease. Half of the study population believe that the sunlight is the prime source of vitamin D and 80% assumed that the ideal time of sunshine exposure is in the morning. 88.3% of them projected the need to increase their knowledge about vitamin D. Conclusion: There was a lack of awareness and knowledge about vitamin D and its significance for the body and teeth, as well as its relationship to Covid-19. The pandemic had no significant impact on society's awareness about vitamin D. This study emphasises the importance of raising awareness among the public about vitamin D and ways to prevent its deficiencies. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.23 (Special Issue) 2024 p.S66-S72

Feasibility study of micronutrient status and body mass index of newly diagnosed pediatric oncology patients: Research commentary.

We conducted a feasibility study to evaluate micronutrients and body mass index (BMI). Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and trace elements copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) levels were evaluated. Weight, height, BMI, and Z-scores were recorded. Side effects or specific adverse events were documented. No patient had a Z-score for height, weight, or BMI of less than 2 SD or greater than 2 SD. Ninety percent of patients had one or more micronutrient levels below normal. These results suggest that micronutrient abnormalities are common despite no obvious evidence of malnutrition. Side effects of chemotherapy may be exacerbated by micronutrient depletion.

The Role of Fueling Nutrition in Athletic Performance

Abstract Physical activity, athletic performance and recovery from exercise are enhanced by optimal nutrition. This paper couples a rigorous, systematic, evidence-based analysis of nutrition and performance-specific literature with current scientific data related to energy needs, assessment of body composition, strategies for weight change, nutrient and fluid needs, special nutrient needs during training and competition, the use of supplements , nutrition recommendations for vegetarian athletes and the roles and responsibilities of sports dietitians. Energy and macronutrients need especially carbohydrate and protein, must be met during times of high physical activity to maintain body weight, replenish glycogen stores, and provide adequate protein to build and repair tissue. Fat intake should be sufficient to provide the essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, as well as contribute energy for weight maintenance. Adequate food and fluid should be consumed before, during, and after exercise to help maintain blood glucose concentration during exercise, maximize exercise performance and improve recovery time. Athletes should be well hydrated before exercise and drink enough fluid during and after exercise to balance fluid losses. Sports beverages containing carbohydrates and electrolytes may be consumed before, during, and after exercise to help maintain blood glucose concentration, provide fuel for muscles, and decrease the risk of dehydration and hyponatremia. Vitamin and mineral supplements are not needed if adequate energy to maintain body weight is consumed from a variety of foods. However, athletes who restrict energy intake, use severe weight-loss practices, eliminate one or more food groups from their diet, or consume unbalanced diets with low micronutrient density, may require supplements. Because regulations specific to nutritional ergogenic aids are poorly enforced, they should be used with caution, and only after careful product evaluation for safety, efficacy, potency, and legality.

How to cook sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves to obtain the highest nutrient bioaccessibility and bioactive compounds?

In the present study, the effect of boiling, stir-frying, steaming, oven-baking, and microwaving on vitamins content, proximate composition, minerals content and their bioaccessibility, pigments level, phenolic compounds (rutin, rosmarinic acid, and quercetin), and antioxidant activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves were evaluated. Cooking was reduced the mineral content and the lowest bioaccessibility were interestingly found for heavy minerals. Boiling caused a significant decrease in water-soluble vitamins and minerals content, whereas, stir-frying caused losses the fibre, protein, and carbohydrate content more than the other cooking methods. Furthermore, steaming and microwave methods were able to retain most of the protein, water-soluble vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity and may thus be selected as suitable methods for cooking basil based foods and recipes.

Phytochemical analysis, GC-MS characterization and antioxidant activity of Hordeum vulgare seed extracts

Barley scientifically known as Hordeum vulgare (HV) is a major grain crop. Over the course of time, great interest has been developed in the usage of barley, because of its various pharmacological activities. Current study is designed to determine the chemical constituents of Hordeum vulgare (HV) seed extract by GC-MS technique, and Invitro antioxidant assays i.e. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) and 2-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods. GC-MS identified 16 non-polar compounds in the hexane extract of HV plant, which includes carboxylic acid (6.25%), fatty acid (37.5%), carboxylic acid amide derivative of fatty acid (6.25%), triterpinoids (18.75%), fat soluble vitamin (6.25%), phytosterol (6.25%), stigmastanes (6.25%), beta diketones (6.25%), and cycloartenol (6.25%) respectively. The major compound includes Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (6.84%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.58%), 9,12-Octadecanoic acid (Z,Z)-, Methyl Ester (8.04%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (57.01%), Lup-20(29)-en-3-one (3.57%), γ-Sitosterol (3.31%). Some constituents such as Lup-20(29)-en-3-one, campesterol and squalene were observed and were not previously reported. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content were determined using spectrophotometric technique and calculated as gallic acid equivalents GAE/g dry weight and rutin equivalent RE/g of dry weight respectively.The highest phenolic content exhibited by the acetone extract of HV seedsi.e. 0.0597 mg GAE/g while the highest flavonoid content exhibited by dichloromethane extract i.e. 0.09 mg RE/g and 0.25 mg QE/g of dry weight respectively. All the extracts showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS cation decolorization assays. Methanol and dichloromethane extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity i.e. 52.41% and 42.07% at the concentration of 100 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, the IC50 has been determined by the acetone and methanol extract of HV seeds. The high antioxidant activity of its seed extracts has made this plant pharmacologically important. Conclusively, there is a vast scope to further explore the active principals of barley so that more of its pharmacological properties can be identified.

The role of fat-soluble vitamins in efferocytosis.

Cell death and the efficient removal of dead cells are two basic mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in multicellular organisms. efferocytosis, which includes four steps recruitment, recognition, binding and signaling, and engulfment. Effectively and quickly removes apoptotic cells from the body. Any alteration in efferocytosis can lead to several diseases, including autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, atherosclerosis, and cancer. A wide range of dietary components affects apoptosis and, subsequently, efferocytosis. Some vitamins, including fat-soluble vitamins, affect different stages of efferocytosis. Among other things, by affecting macrophages, they are effective in the apoptotic cleansing of cells. Also, polyphenols indirectly intervene in efferocytosis through their effect on apoptosis. Considering that there are limited articles on the effect of nutrition on efferocytosis, in this article we will examine the effect of some dietary components on efferocytosis.

Deficiencias enzimáticas intestinales y malabsorción. Intolerancias y alergias alimentarias. Otras causas de malabsorción intestinal. Síndromes linfoproliferativos y enfermedades sistémicas

Food intolerances are a group of non-immune-mediated adverse reactions to food that progress with digestive symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal distension as well as extra-digestive symptoms. In the case of lactose or fructose intolerance, a diagnosis is made with additional tests such as, for example, a breath test. In non-celiac gluten intolerance, the diagnosis is clinical after ruling out celiac disease or a wheat allergy. The treatment of these conditions involves dietary restriction of the component that generates the intolerance.There are malabsorption syndromes triggered by systemic diseases such as amyloidosis, Whipple's disease, or lymphoproliferative syndromes such as intestinal T-cell lymphoma, immunoproliferative small bowel disease, or intestinal involvement of graft-versus-host disease. Digestive symptoms usually include diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Treatment is aimed at the underlying disease in addition to the correction of nutritional deficiencies. Abetalipoproteinemia is a genetic disease in which there is malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Its treatment involves nutrient replenishment.