Deficiencias enzimáticas intestinales y malabsorción. Intolerancias y alergias alimentarias. Otras causas de malabsorción intestinal. Síndromes linfoproliferativos y enfermedades sistémicas

Abstract

Food intolerances are a group of non-immune-mediated adverse reactions to food that progress with digestive symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal distension as well as extra-digestive symptoms. In the case of lactose or fructose intolerance, a diagnosis is made with additional tests such as, for example, a breath test. In non-celiac gluten intolerance, the diagnosis is clinical after ruling out celiac disease or a wheat allergy. The treatment of these conditions involves dietary restriction of the component that generates the intolerance.There are malabsorption syndromes triggered by systemic diseases such as amyloidosis, Whipple's disease, or lymphoproliferative syndromes such as intestinal T-cell lymphoma, immunoproliferative small bowel disease, or intestinal involvement of graft-versus-host disease. Digestive symptoms usually include diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Treatment is aimed at the underlying disease in addition to the correction of nutritional deficiencies. Abetalipoproteinemia is a genetic disease in which there is malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Its treatment involves nutrient replenishment.