Fat-free Mass Index Research Articles

Changes in Fat Mass Index and Fat-Free Mass Index Vary Significantly by Age and Sex of the Patient, and by Type of Bariatric Surgery.

The loss of fat-free mass after rapid weight loss following bariatric surgery shows BMI is inadequate for reporting weight loss, emphasizing the need for a more accurate body composition metric. This study assessed changes in fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and dietary intake over 6months after one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) across age and sex groups. This prospective observational study included 151 bariatric surgery candidates. Data on demographics, anthropometric, body composition, and food intake data were collected before and 6months after surgery. SPSS version 22 was used for analysis, employing ANOVA and t-tests to assess group differences. Younger patients (≤ 35years) had higher percent total and excess weight loss (%TWL and %EWL) across all bariatric surgeries, and those undergoing SG experienced more favorable changes in fat-free mass (FFM) and visceral fat compared to other procedures (P = 0.002). Males had higher percent change in fat mass index (%∆ FMI) and visceral fat than females with OAGB and RYGB (P < 0.05). Women undergoing SG and RYGB had a more significant decrease in energy intake compared to OAGB (P < 0.001), and the ≤ 35 and 35-44 age groups demonstrated lower reductions in energy intake following OAGB. Age, sex, and surgery type significantly affect bariatric surgery outcomes. Younger patients achieved greater weight-related improvements, while men undergoing RYGB experienced more substantial fat mass changes than women.

Investigation of Relationships between Intakes of Human Milk Total Lipids and Metabolic Hormones and Infant Sex and Body Composition.

Human milk (HM) composition, including metabolic hormones and lipids, is influenced by various factors, including lactation stage and, potentially, infant sex, which may affect infant body composition (BC) development. We aimed to: (a) characterize the longitudinal concentration and intake profiles of HM leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and total lipids; (b) determine if their concentrations and intakes differ by infant sex; and (c) explore the intakes relationships with the development of infant BC. Milk samples (n = 501) were collected from 82 mother-infant dyads during the first 6 months postpartum. Infant 24 h HM intake was measured, and the average cumulative HM component intakes were calculated. The statistical analysis used linear mixed modeling. Intakes of HM leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and total lipids increased to 1 month postpartum and then remained stable. HM intake and total lipids intake but not hormone intakes were positively associated with infant BC (fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, fat mass, fat mass index, percentage fat mass, and fat mass to fat-free mass ratio). HM component concentrations and intakes did not differ by sex. These findings advance our understanding of the temporal nature of HM components, emphasizing the role of infant 24 h HM and total lipids intake in development of infant lean and adipose tissue.

Associations of BMI growth rates and body composition with cardiometabolic risks in Chinese preschool children.

To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) growth rates, body composition, and cardiometabolic markers in preschool children. Three-year-old children were recruited for this cohort study. BMI and body composition measurements were obtained at enrollment, with multiple BMI measurements spanning ages 1 month to 3 years extracted from medical records. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C), remnant cholesterol (RC), uric acid (UA), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured at 3 years. Data analyses employed piecewise linear mixed models and logistic regression models. Out of 3822 children recruited, 3015 were included in the analysis. The accelerated zBMI growth rate between 6 and 24 months was positively correlated with high TG and LDL-C levels, with sex, birthweight, and size-for-gestational age disparities. Obesity increased the risks of high TG level and the highest RC quartile in boys. Fat mass index (FMI) and percentage of fat mass (FM%) were linked with high UA level and dyslipidemia, particularly high TG and non-HDL-C levels, in boys. Fat-free mass index (FFMI) showed negative associations with high levels of TC and non-HDL-C in boys and high LDL-C level in girls (P<0.05). This study underscores the significant impact of BMI growth rates and body composition on cardiometabolic markers in 3-year-old children. The effects of BMI growth rates in specific periods varied by sex, birthweight, and size-for-gestational age, and boys exhibiting a higher susceptibility to adverse outcomes.

Body composition of adults with chronic intestinal failure receiving home parenteral nutrition: A descriptive cohort study.

Chronic intestinal failure (CIF) refers to the long-lasting reduction of gut function below the minimum necessary to absorb macronutrients, water, and/or electrolytes. Patients with CIF likely develop various forms of malnutrition and dehydration, yet studies that focus primarily on body composition are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the body composition of adult patients with CIF. This retrospective descriptive cohort study was performed at the Radboud University Medical Center, a tertiary referral center for CIF treatment in the form of home parenteral nutrition. We collected available bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) data from routine care between 2019 and 2023. The primary outcome was body composition, which was evaluated by assessing body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and fat percentage (fat%). Overall, 147 adult patients with CIF were included with a median (interquartile range) age of 58 (25-68) years; 69% were female. The mean (SD) BMI was 22.1 (4.3) kg/m2, FFMI was 14.2 (1.9) kg/m2 in females and 17.0 (2.0) kg/m2 in males, and fat% was 33.7% (6.8%) in females and 24.6% (6.4%) in males. 63% had an FFMI below references, and 48% had a high fat%. This study found that most adult patients with CIF have an unfavorable body composition characterized by a high fat% and low FFMI despite having a normal mean BMI. These results highlight the necessity for in-depth nutrition assessment, including BIA measurement. Moreover, future studies should focus on exercise interventions to increase FFMI and improve body composition and function.

Body composition trajectories during childhood predict skeletal maturation at puberty: A longitudinal study

Nutritional status significantly impacts linear bone growth. We aimed to determine the relationship between the trajectories of four body composition indicators and pubertal advanced bone age. Trajectories of body mass index z-score (BMI z-score), visceral fat area z-score (VFA z-score), fat mass index z-score (FMI z-score), and fat-free mass index z-score (FFMI z-score) were identified based on three body composition measurements conducted from October 2018 to April 2023 within a pediatric cohort (the PROC study). We assessed pubertal bone age using the Tanner-Whitehouse 3-Chinese Radius-Ulna-Short (TW3-C RUS) method among 1402 primary school children. Children with a trajectory of higher BMI z-score, VFA z-score, FMI z-score, and FFMI z-score since childhood were more likely to have advanced bone age. The risk of advanced bone age was higher in children who were consistently in the high VFA z-score group (odds ratio [OR] = 6.73) or consistently in the high BMI z-score group (OR = 5.57), as compared to those in the low VFA z-score and low BMI z-score groups. Regular monitoring and maintenance of normal VFA during childhood may reduce the risk of advanced bone age at puberty. Furthermore, BMI monitoring is optional, especially in cases where specialized body composition equipment is not available.

Associations of childhood and adulthood body size, and child-to-adult body size change with adult telomere length.

To comprehensivelyexamine the associations of childhood and adulthood body size, and child-to-adult body size change with adult leucocyte telomere length (LTL). We included 453 602 participants from the UK Biobank. Childhood body size at the age of 10 years was collected through a questionnaire. Adulthood body size was assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Individuals with plumper body size in childhood exhibited shorter LTL in adulthood (-0.0086 [-0.0017, -0.0004]). Adulthood BMI (-0.0286 [-0.0315, -0.0258]), WC (-0.0271 [-0.0303, -0.0238]), WHR (-0.0269 [-0.0308, -0.0230]) and FMI (-0.0396 [-0.0438, -0.0351]) were negatively associated with LTL, whereas FFMI (0.0095 [0.0039, 0.0152]) was positively associated with LTL. Compared to individuals consistently having an average/normal weight in both childhood and adulthood, those who maintained or developed overweight/obesity from childhood to adulthood had a shorter adult LTL, regardless of childhood body size. Notably, the LTL shortening effect was not observed in individuals with plumper body size in childhood but normal weight in adulthood. Childhood and adulthood obesity are both associated with LTL shortening in adulthood. Transitioning to or maintaining overweight/obese status from childhood to adulthood is associated with shorter adult LTL, whereas this effect can be reversed if plumper children become normal weight.

Body composition of extreme performers in the US Marine Corps

BackgroundThe creation of highly muscled and strong fighters is a recurring theme in human performance enhancement concepts. Physical readiness standards, intended to prevent obesity in the military, produce contradictory objectives,...

Fat-Free Mass Index in Sport: Normative Profiles and Applications for Collegiate Athletes.

Jagim, AR, Harty, PS, Jones, MT, Fields, JB, Magee, M, Smith-Ryan, AE, Luedke, J, and Kerksick, CM. Fat-free mass index in sport: normative profiles and applications for collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): 1687-1693, 2024-Recent concerns have been raised regarding the ethical considerations of conducting body composition assessments in sports. Specific apprehensions pertain to the inappropriate use of percent body fat and the limited application of the results to performance and recovery. Fat-free mass index (FFMI), a height-adjusted assessment of FFM, can serve as an alternative body composition metric to focus on in sports. Fat-free mass index provides valuable context regarding an optimal amount of FFM, accounting for skeletal frame and height while helping to qualify an athlete's FFM as low, moderate, or high. This review posits that shifting the focus of body composition measures to FFM can support more ideal targets across athletic seasons, careers, and the return to play after injury. In addition, a FFM focus may help change the perception of body composition assessment and how athletes perceive their current body because of the increased focus on the FFM compartment and the goal of maximizing tissue accrual, rather than focusing on fat loss. Fat-free mass index is calculated by dividing FFM (kg) by height (m 2 ) and can serve to normalize FFM, relative to height, and enable comparisons across athletes, sport types, and sex. Previous research has identified differences in FFMI across sex and among sport categories. Still, there is a need for more published data to develop optimal ranges for FFMI across sex, sports, and positions. As more data become available, FFMI has the potential to provide normative guidelines for optimal FFM development, performance, and injury risk reduction. The purpose of the current review was to summarize FFMI values across collegiate sport categories and competitive status to provide normative profiles, according to sex and sport type.

Assessing the nutritional status and impact of a series of nutritional interventions on elderly inpatients using bioelectrical impedance analysis: A service evaluation.

The aim of the study was to use bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess nutritional status of elderly patients admitted to hospital and quantitatively measure the impact of the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (CAVUHB) model ward. Secondary objectives were to assess the feasibility of using BIA in this patient population and compare nutrition risk screening tools against fat-free mass index (FFMI). A prospective, comparative, single-centre, service evaluation of a 'model ward for nutrition and hydration' undertaken in medical and rehabilitation beds in a large UK teaching hospital. A total of 450 BIA measurements were taken using a Bodystat Multiscan 5000 on 162 patients; several patients had repeated measurements during their hospital stay. Patients tolerated the procedure well, but lack of accurate weight, implanted medical devices and tissue viability precluded some participants. BIA is quick, non-invasive, simple to complete and can elicit huge data about an individual's body composition. In a larger cohort of medical admissions, BIA could assist in identifying the sensitivity and specificity of the nutrition screening tools. The collective benefit of a series of nutritional interventions preserved nutritional status better in this elderly inpatient population than usual models of care. Although results were not statistically significant, there is an opportunity with the new model of care to better support frail patients and prevent deconditioning.

Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass in middle-aged men living with HIV.

Despite extensive research on muscle loss in people living with HIV (PLWH), the prevalence and contributing factors specifically among middle-aged men remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low muscle mass within this demographic and to identify associated factors. A total of 378 men living with HIV were enrolled in the study. They were classified into low muscle mass group if they displayed a skeletal muscle index (SMI) <7.00kg/m2 or fell within the lowest quintile of SMI based on the criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Out of the 378 men living with HIV enrolled, 351 had normal muscle mass, while 27 (7.1%) had low muscle mass. Antiretroviral drugs Zidovudine (AZT) (OR=0.246, P=0.022) and higher serum albumin levels (OR=0.899, P=0.026) were found to be protective factors against low muscle mass according to quintile grouping. Strong positive associations between SMI and body mass index (BMI), nutritional risk index (NRI), oedema index and fat-free mass index (FFMI) (R>0.5, P<0.001) were observed. In addition, both BMI (sensitivity=0.741, specificity=0.906) and NRI (sensitivity=0.963, specificity=0.601) had high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing low muscle mass, with critical values of 19.85 and 114.177 for BMI and NRI, respectively. The oedema index was the most effective measure of body composition in detecting abnormal fluid retention with high sensitivity (92.6%) and moderate specificity (71.8%) in identifying individuals with low muscle mass. Notably, PLWH with low muscle mass participants had a significantly higher prevalence (92.6%) of a high oedema index compared with those with normal muscle mass (28.2%). This observation indicates that individuals with HIV who experience reduced muscle mass is commonly accompanied with abnormal fluid retention within the body. Antiretroviral medication types, specifically Zidovudine, BMI and NRI can be independent risk factors for low muscle mass in men with HIV. These factors, along with BMI, could be used conveniently to predict low muscle mass. Furthermore, the association between the oedema index and muscle mass suggests that observing signs of oedema may indicate a risk of low muscle mass in PLWH.

Sarcopenia as a Predictive Factor for Carboplatin Toxicity in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Sarcopenia in cancer patients often negatively impacts various outcomes. Carboplatin, a first-line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is dosed based on body weight, which doesn’t account for sarcopenia. This study evaluated the association between sarcopenia and carboplatin-related toxicity in NSCLC patients. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC treated with carboplatin were included. Toxicity events during the first two cycles of treatment were recorded. Sarcopenia was assessed using pretreatment computed tomography scans analyzed with Slice-O-Matic V4.2 software, defining sarcopenia as a skeletal muscle index (SMI) of <52.4 cm2/m2 for men and <38.5 cm2/m2 for women. Among 146 patients, 52% had sarcopenia. Hematological toxicity occurred in 71.2% of all patients and 77.6% of those with sarcopenia. The fat-free mass index (FFMI) was independently associated with hematological toxicity and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), which was observed in 55.5% of patients. Sarcopenia significantly correlates with hematological toxicity and DLT during carboplatin treatment in NSCLC patients. Given its prevalence and noninvasive detection, further research is needed to understand its impact on treatment outcomes.

SOMATIC STATUS AND BODY COMPOSITION OF YOUNG WOMEN OF THE ALTAI REPUBLIC LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

Introduction. Due to the wide variety of ethnogeographic features and ecological niches, environmental differences as well as changes in living conditions, the study of the morphological status of indigenous populations of Russia retains its significance. Our aim was to study the somatic status and BIA body composition of young women of Altai and Russian ethnicities aged 17-23 years living in urban and rural areas of the Altai Republic. Materials and methods. In 2021–2023, 230 young women aged 17 to 23 years (117 Altai-Kizhi and 113 Russians) living in urban and rural areas were examined. The examination program included anthropometry, the Heath-Carter somatotyping, and BIA. Ethnic differences and city-village differences were assessed using parametric and non-parametric methods. Results. Ethnically Russian women were, in general, somewhat larger than Altai women, significant differences were found for height (Ht), weight (Wt), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Significant differences were also observed for the resistance R50, phase angle and fat-free mass (FFM) values. The somatotype distributions by enlarged classes were close with a predominance of mesomorphic and endomorphic types. When testing for city-village differences in ethnic subgroups, the total body dimensions (Wt, Ht, chest circumference), as well as WC, hip circumference (HC) and body mass index were slightly higher in urban residents (not significant differences). The urban Altai women had a statistically significantly higher endomorphy rating with a noticeable increase in fat mass (FM), %FM and fat mass index. Ethnic differences were more pronounced in rural (Ht, Wt, HC, WHR, R50, phase angle, FFM and fat-free mass index were significantly different) than in urban residents (significant differences only for Ht and FFM). Conclusions. The results of our study suggest that permanent residence in urban or rural areas, along with ethnic differences, is a significant factor associated with the somatic status of young Altai-Kizhi and ethnically Russian women belonging to the modern indigenous population of the Altai Republic. In the subgroup of young women who are inherently living in the city, less pronounced ethnic differences in somatic status were observed as compared to residents of rural areas. © 2024. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Association of body composition indicators with colorectal cancer: a hospital-based case-control study

PurposeColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy that affects adults worldwide, causing a high disease burden. Few studies have examined the relationship between body composition (BC) measures and the prevalence of CRC. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between pertinent BC indicators and CRC.MethodsBioelectrical impedance analysis, laboratory test results, face-to-face questionnaire investigation, and nutritional risk assessment (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment) were used in this case-control study. Bioelectrical impedance analysis in the case group was performed prior to antitumor therapy/surgery.ResultsFrom June 2018 to January 2019, a total of 303 cases and 286 controls were included. The results showed that low body fat percentage (BFP) and high visceral adiposity index (VAI) groups had a higher risk of developing CRC in comparison to the normal BFP and normal VAI groups. The risk of CRC decreased with the increase of BFP. The group with a normal BC had a lower risk of developing CRC compared to those with a greater VAI and a lower BFP, as indicated by the results of the pairwise and total combinations of VAI, fat-free mass index (FFMI), and BFP. Additionally, FFMI and VAI had positive correlations with prealbumin, serum albumin, and nutritional risk scores.ConclusionLow BFP and high VAI are associated with higher CRC risk. FFMI and VAI are positively correlated with prealbumin, serum albumin, and nutritional risk scores in CRC patients.

Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplementation in Liver Transplant Recipients during Early Postoperative Course: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background Nutrition is an integral part of health maintenance. The liver is the largest and most important metabolic organ, playing a pivotal role in integrating several biochemical pathways of carbohydrate, fat, protein, and vitamin metabolism. Malnutrition is a common complication of end- stage liver disease (ESLD). Progressive deterioration of nutritional status has been associated with poor outcome in cirrhotic patients. Liver transplantation (LT) revolutionized the management of liver disease. Nutritional therapy is an integral part of liver transplant care. Objective To identity the efficacy of different dietary nutritional supplements as zinc, vit D and immunonutrients (glutamine, omega 3, arginine and ribonucleic acid) for recipient at early post operative course. Material and Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis we enrolled a total of 7 studies for assessing the clinical outcomes of ICU patients underwent liver transplantation surgery and supplied with dietary supplements during early postoperative period. The studies also assessed the laboratory assessment of patients postoperatively during ICU admission period. Results Regarding postoperative dietary supplementations with HMB, we found significant difference for appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMI) regarding the baseline and the postoperative ASMI in the intervention group with HMB. But we did not report significant difference regarding the baseline and the postoperative Fat-free mass index (FFMI) in both intervention and control group with HMB. Also we did not find significant difference between base line and postoperative in both groups for Mid-arm muscle-circumference (MAMC), Fat mass index (FMI), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Handgrip (HG). Data Sources Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2021. Conclusion BCAA as dietary supplementation showing a significant favorable effect regarding the baseline and the postoperative BTR levels, also for BCAA levels, Tyrosine levels, prealbumin levels, retinol binding protein and PTINR levels in both intervention and control groups. For HMB, we found significant difference for appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMI) regarding the baseline and the postoperative ASMI in the intervention group with HMB. But we did not report significant difference regarding the baseline and the postoperative Fat-free mass index (FFMI) in both intervention and control group with HMB.

Mental health from childhood to adolescence predicts excessive weight and body composition at 18 years

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of mental health in childhood and adolescence with four outcomes at 18 years: ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, body mass index (BMI), excessive weight (EW), and body composition, including fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) in kg, FM index (FMI) and FFM index (FFMI) in kg/m2. MethodsCohort study in which The Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) (6 and 11 years) and the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) (18 years) provided information on internalizing (INT), externalizing (EXT) and any mental disorder (ANY). The exposure was classified in: “never”, “at 6 and/or 11 years”, “at 18 years only” and “at 6, 11, and 18 years”. Linear and logistic regression were run. All analyses were stratified by sex. ResultsA total of 2722 participants were analyzed. At 18 years, female with EXT disorders at 6 and/or 11 years presented higher BMI (β: 1.70; 0.18–3.23), FM (β: 4.74; 1.42–8.06), and FMI (β: 1.53; 0.28–2.79) than those who never had. The odds of EW at 18 years was also higher in females with EXT disorders at 6 and/or 11 years (OR: 3.39; 1.56–7.36) and at the three time points (OR: 7.08; 1.69–29.59). Males with EXT disorders at 6 and/or 11 years presented higher FM (β: 4.45; 1.85–7.06) and FMI (β: 1.47; 0.63–2.31). ConclusionsAmong children and adolescents showing symptoms of EXT disorders, weight should be monitored carefully, thus ultimately contributing to reduce the burden of EW in adolescence.

Exploring influencing factors and predictive analysis of sarcopenia in the Chinese population using the body composition analyzer.

Employing body composition analysis, this study aims to examine the influencing factors and conduct predictive analysis regarding sarcopenia incidence in the middle-aged and elderly population in China. This study recruited inpatients from the General Medicine Department of Tongji Medical College Affiliated Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, as the subjects for a single-center retrospective study. Diagnosis was conducted according to the 2019 criteria from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify factors influencing sarcopenia, and predictive modeling for sarcopenia occurrence was performed based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC). This study comprised 1258 hospitalized patients, of whom 340 were diagnosed with sarcopenia and 918 were not, resulting in a prevalence of 27%. The baseline characteristics showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that low protein, low total body water, low minerals, low basal metabolic rate, and age were risk factors for sarcopenia (OR > 1, P < 0.05). Conversely, being male, having a higher BMI, greater fat-free mass index, and a higher InBody score were identified as protective factors against sarcopenia (OR < 1, P < 0.05). The AUC values for predicting sarcopenia occurrence based on low protein, low total body water, low minerals, low basal metabolic rate, and age were 0.871, 0.846, 0.757, 0.645, and 0.649, respectively, indicating their significance as predictive indicators. Combining these five indicators into a new predictive model for sarcopenia yielded an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.932, demonstrating excellent sensitivity and specificity concurrently. The results of body composition analysis indicate that sarcopenia occurrence in the middle-aged and elderly population in China is associated with factors such as low protein, low total body water, low minerals, low basal metabolic rate, age, gender, BMI, fat-free mass index, and InBody score. The combination of specific body composition indicators facilitates the effective prediction of sarcopenia. Clinical practitioners should proactively identify the risk factors influencing sarcopenia, accurately predict.

Study of Body Composition by Biphotonic X-ray Absorptiometry in a Moroccan Female Population, an Indicator of Obesity?

Our purpose was to study the body composition in a healthy female Moroccan adult group, and to help physicians to evaluate nutritional status. Five hundred and nineteen healthy women aged from 20 to 80 years were included in the study. Bone mineral density at the hip and lumbar spine and the body composition parameters were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and percentage (%) of body fat. The FFM index (FFMI) and the FM index (FMI) were calculated. We analyzed the population by age and body mass index (BMI) defined groups. The mean age of the population was 53.14 ± 13.69 years with an average BMI of 29.30 ± 5.04 kg/m2. Means of FM and FFM were 33.93 ± 9.18 kg and 36.91 ± 5 kg, respectively, with FM and FFMI of 13.65 ± 3.66 kg/m2 and 14.85 ± 1.91 kg/m2, respectively. The % FM, FFM, and their corresponding indices increased with age; a statistically significant difference was observed between the 20 and 39 age categories and the two other categories. The BMI category analysis showed that FFMI and FMI increased in obese women with a statistically significant difference between the four groups. Age and BMI were correlated significantly with the different parameters. This is the first Moroccan study to present body composition indexes in healthy Moroccan female adults. These reference values may be useful for the clinical evaluation of body composition and nutritional status.

Prospective Study to Evaluate Rectus Femoris Muscle Ultrasound for Body Composition Analysis in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) has a significant impact on body composition (BC) and consequently may affect established sarcopenic obesity (SO) in candidate patients. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of muscle ultrasound (MUS) of rectus femoris thickness (RFT) for the evaluation of BC and skeletal muscle function in patients undergoing BS compared to bioimpedance analysis (BIA), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and dynamometry. On the other hand, we aimed to demonstrate how MUS of RFT correlates with quality of life (QoL) in this population, likely due to its ability to detect regional quadriceps muscle sarcopenia compared to the other mentioned methods. Methods: This was a prospective pilot study that included 77 participants (64.9% female, mean age: 53.2 ± 8.67 years) who underwent BS. Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer, fat-free mass index (iFFM) was assessed by BIA, appendicular muscle index (AMI) was calculated using DEXA, and RFT was measured by MUS. Moreover, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. All these measurements were conducted 1 month prior to BS and at the 12-month follow-up. QoL was assessed using the Moorehead-Ardelt questionnaire. Results: The mean BMI decreased by 12.95 ± 3.56 kg/m2 (p = 0.001). Firstly, we observed a positive correlation pre-surgery between HOMA and RFT (r = 0.27, p = 0.02), iFFM (r = 0.36, p = 0.001), AMI (r = 0.31, p = 0.01) and dynamometer readings (r = 0.26, p = 0.02). In addition, we found a correlation between RFT and iFFM (pre-surgery: r = 0.31, p = 0.01; post-surgery: r = 0.25, p = 0.05) and between RFT and lower-extremity AMI post-surgery (r = 0.27, p = 0.04). Secondly, we observed significant reductions in iFFM, AMI and RFT (p = 0.001), but not in dynamometer readings (p = 0.94). Finally, a tendency to a positive correlation between QoL questionnaire and RFT post-surgery results (r = 0.23, p = 0.079) was observed. Conclusions: Our results suggest that RFT measured by MUS is useful for evaluating SO and for the follow-up of these patients after BS. Moreover, RFT can provide relevant information about regional sarcopenia and probably has an accurate correlation with QoL in comparison with the other methods.

Usefulness of the mini nutritional assessment short-form for evaluating nutritional status in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a prospective cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlthough the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is recognized as a useful tool for evaluating nutritional status in patients with various diseases, its applicability in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) remains undetermined.MethodsWe designed a prospective cross-sectional study to investigate whether the MNA Short-Form (MNA-SF) score can serve as a screening tool to assess the nutritional status of patients with NTM-PD. The MNA-SF was conducted upon patient enrollment, and correlation analyses were performed to compare MNA-SF scores with other nutritional measurements and disease severity. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between MNA-SF scores and NTM-PD severity.ResultsThe 194 patients with NTM-PD included in the analysis had a median age of 65.0 (59.0–69.0) years; 59.3% (n = 115) had low MNA-SF scores (< 12). The low MNA-SF group exhibited a lower body mass index (19.7 vs. 22.4 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and fat-free mass index (14.7 vs. 15.6 kg/m2, p < 0.001) than the normal MNA-SF group, as well as higher incidences of sarcopenia (20.0% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.008) and adipopenia (35.7% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001). However, no significant differences in calorie and protein intakes were observed between the two groups. Low MNA-SF scores were associated with radiographic severity (adjusted odds ratio 2.72, 95% confidence interval 1.38–5.36) but not with forced vital capacity.ConclusionsThe MNA-SF can effectively assess the nutritional status of patients with NTM-PD and can serve as an important clinical indicator in NTM-PD where treatment timing is determined by clinical judgment.

AI-Assisted Body Composition Assessment Using CT Imaging in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Predictive Capacity for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Diagnosis.

(1) Background: The assessment of muscle mass is crucial in the nutritional evaluation of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), as decreased muscle mass is linked to increased complications and poorer prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the utility of AI-assisted L3 CT for assessing body composition and determining low muscle mass using both the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for malnutrition and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria for sarcopenia in CRC patients prior to surgery. Additionally, we aim to establish cutoff points for muscle mass in men and women and propose their application in these diagnostic frameworks. (2) Methods: This retrospective observational study included CRC patients assessed by the Endocrinology and Nutrition services of the Regional University Hospitals of Malaga, Virgen de la Victoria of Malaga, and Vall d'Hebrón of Barcelona from October 2018 to July 2023. A morphofunctional assessment, including anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and handgrip strength, was conducted to apply the GLIM criteria for malnutrition and the EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia. Body composition evaluation was performed through AI-assisted analysis of CT images at the L3 level. ROC analysis was used to determine the predictive capacity of variables derived from the CT analysis regarding the diagnosis of low muscle mass and to describe cutoff points. (3) Results: A total of 586 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 68.4 ± 10.2 years. Using the GLIM criteria, 245 patients (41.8%) were diagnosed with malnutrition. Applying the EWGSOP2 criteria, 56 patients (9.6%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. ROC curve analysis for the skeletal muscle index (SMI) showed a strong discriminative capacity of muscle area to detect low fat-free mass index (FFMI) (AUC = 0.82, 95% CI 0.77-0.87, p < 0.001). The identified SMI cutoff for diagnosing low FFMI was 32.75 cm2/m2 (Sn 77%, Sp 64.3%; AUC = 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.87, p < 0.001) in women, and 39.9 cm2/m2 (Sn 77%, Sp 72.7%; AUC = 0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.90, p < 0.001) in men. Additionally, skeletal muscle area (SMA) showed good discriminative capacity for detecting low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI 0.65-0.76, p < 0.001). The identified SMA cutoff points for diagnosing low ASMM were 83.2 cm2 (Sn 76.7%, Sp 55.3%; AUC = 0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.84, p < 0.001) in women and 112.6 cm2 (Sn 82.3%, Sp 58.6%; AUC = 0.79, 95% CI 0.74-0.85, p < 0.001) in men. (4) Conclusions: AI-assisted body composition assessment using CT is a valuable tool in the morphofunctional evaluation of patients with colorectal cancer prior to surgery. CT provides quantitative data on muscle mass for the application of the GLIM criteria for malnutrition and the EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia, with specific cutoff points established for diagnostic use.