Assessing the nutritional status and impact of a series of nutritional interventions on elderly inpatients using bioelectrical impedance analysis: A service evaluation.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to use bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess nutritional status of elderly patients admitted to hospital and quantitatively measure the impact of the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (CAVUHB) model ward. Secondary objectives were to assess the feasibility of using BIA in this patient population and compare nutrition risk screening tools against fat-free mass index (FFMI). A prospective, comparative, single-centre, service evaluation of a 'model ward for nutrition and hydration' undertaken in medical and rehabilitation beds in a large UK teaching hospital. A total of 450 BIA measurements were taken using a Bodystat Multiscan 5000 on 162 patients; several patients had repeated measurements during their hospital stay. Patients tolerated the procedure well, but lack of accurate weight, implanted medical devices and tissue viability precluded some participants. BIA is quick, non-invasive, simple to complete and can elicit huge data about an individual's body composition. In a larger cohort of medical admissions, BIA could assist in identifying the sensitivity and specificity of the nutrition screening tools. The collective benefit of a series of nutritional interventions preserved nutritional status better in this elderly inpatient population than usual models of care. Although results were not statistically significant, there is an opportunity with the new model of care to better support frail patients and prevent deconditioning.