Fat Energy Ratio Research Articles

Effect of dietary fat and fiber on fecal flora, bacterial metabolites, and fecal properties in Japanese volunteers.

The effects of dietary fat and dietary fiber (DF) levels in diet on fecal flora, activities of three fecal enzymes, putrefactive metabolites, fecal mutagenicity and fecal properties were studied in eight healthy volunteers. They were given low fat and low DF diet (LF: fat energy ratio was 13.9%, and DF intake was 9.0 g/day) for 10 days, high fat and low DF diet (HF: fat energy ratio was 52.7%, and DF intake was 7.1 g/day) for 10 days, and high fat and high DF diet (HFF: fat energy ratio was 52.0%, and DF intake was 24.8 g/day) for 10 days. No change of fecal flora at the bacterial group level was observed throughout the experimental period, except that the population of lactobacilli showed a tendency to increase in HF period. Fecal activities of beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase and nitroreductase and some putrefactive products were unchanged between LF and HF, while these values decreased in HFF period. No significant change of fecal properties was observed between LF and HF, while by HFF supplementation fecal weight increased and fecal pH value was lower than that in LF and HF. Excretions of iron, zinc and calcium in feces did not increase by high DF supplementation.

The composition of breast‐ and bottle‐milks fed to poor urban infants

Despite the importance of breast‐milk over bottle‐milks for infants of lower socio‐economic status of less developed countries, few studies have been conducted to examine the differences in composition between these milks as fed to the infant. The calorific constituents of breast‐ and bottle‐milks fed to 133 infants under one year of age were studied cross‐sectionally in a poor urban settlement in Brasilia. Mean energy density of breast‐milk was significantly (p < 0.0001) lower (2.60 ± 0.07 MJ/L) than that of bottle‐feeds (4.30 ± 2.25 MJ/L). The difference in energy concentration was due to use of table sugar in bottle‐milks. Breast‐milk had a mean higher concentration (p < 0.0001) of fat but lower (p < 0.0001) concentration of protein (as total nitrogen), and total sugar. The fat concentration of breast‐milk slowly decreases with time. Compared to breast‐milk, bottle‐milks showed low fat energy concentration and a low protein to fat energy ratio. Overall protein energy concentration of breast‐ and bottle...

Nutritional Remarks for Daily Meals Consuming Convenience Foods

To identify the nutritional problems of daily meals consuming many kinds of convenience foods in families in an urbanizing area in Japan, 140 housewives who had school children 12 years old were interviewed with questionnaires in November 1985. The convenience foods which consist of all types in market were classified into 3 categories in terms of the composition of food stuffs. Giving a score to each category of food, the use of convenience foods was measured for each family. disadvantaies assessed among the high use families were as follows: 1) Level of minerals and vitamins intake were less sufficient than standards of RDI, even though levels of energy, protein and fat were enough and/or excess. 2) indicators, i.e., fat energy ratio, protein energy ratio, animal fat ratio, animal protein ratio, and calcium phosphorus ratio showed almost same in all groups. 3) Incidence of well balanced diet was 13%, poor balanced diet and undernourished diet were most prevalent 45% and 42% families respectively. 4) The state of low quality or inadequate nutritional balance was identified more clearly by the nutritional balance indices, like the Nutritional Suitable Score, Index of Quality, and Nutritional Balance Area.

耐糖能低下例における血糖値と血清脂質との関係

By the criteria of 75g OGTT, glucose intolerances such as diabetic type and borderline type were determined in cases aged 30 to 70 years.1) The decrements of FBS during the periods of 4 months were accompanied by the decrements of serum cholesterol or triglyceride levels in 68 male cases with diabetes mellitus.2) There were no correlations between FBS and serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, HDL-C/Chol, apoproteins A-I, A-II or B, nutritional intakes or fat energy ratio in 63 male or female cases with glucose intolerance. But there was a negative correlation between FBS and protein energy ratio. On the other hand there was a positive correlation (r=0.88) between HbA1c and FBS measured one month before. There was a positive correlation between HbA1c and carbohydrate energy ratio, while a negative one between HbA1c and A-I or protein energy ratio. Therefore it is desirable for improving blood sugar control to decrease carbohydrate energy ratio and to increase protein energy ratio.3) There were positive correlations between relative body weight ratio and serum cholesterol or triglyceride, between the rate of body weight changes and FBS, and between the rate of body weight changes and ingested energy or carbohydrate volumes to the prescribed ones in 110 male or female cases with glucose intolerance. There was also a positive correlation between the rate of body weight changes and carbohydrate energy ratio, while a negative one between that and protein energy ratio. Therefore it is desirable for the decrement of body weight to decrease the intakes of energy or carbohydrate and to increase protein energy ratio.4) More than 80 kcal of alcohol per day resulted in poor blood sugar control in 50 male cases with glucose intolerance. Serum triglyceride or γGTP levels tended to increase by drinking alcohol beverages everyday in obese cases with glucose intolerance.

Regional Differences in State of Employment and Dietary Life of Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Along with the development of hemodialysis therapy, social rehabilitation has become quite possible in addition to simple survival even in patients with chronic renal failure as long as the result of self management is favorable. In maintenance of long term hemodialysis therapy, however, occupational and home environments of the patients on maintenance hemodialysis represent problems of profound psychological influence to the patients. This report concerns the results of a survey on patients maintenance hemodialysis in the northern and southern districts of Okayama prefecture with reference to the regional factors leading to differences of work status, dietary habit and complications.The results are summarized as follows.1) About 80% of the patients on maintenance hemodialysis in the southern part of the prefecture returned to the original work place. In contrast, only 7% returned to their work in the northern part. Prognosis was favorable in 60% of the hemodialytic patients in the southern part, but only 33% or about one-half had similar prognosis in the northern part.2) Hemodialytic patients in the northern part of the prefecture ingested significantly larger amount of protein, water, Na, P and K than those in the southern part. Cereals, protein and fat energy ratio, however, showed little difference between the two groups. Animal protein intake was satisfactory in outline according to the dietary recipie in both groups.