Fast Route Research Articles

Enhancement in the Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) by Incorporation of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) in ZnO Nanostructures

In this work, a fast, environment-friendly and economic route was used to prepare ZnO and their nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The prepared nanostructures were well-characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman measurements. The XRD, Raman and TEM results confirmed that the ZnO nanostructures were crystallized into the hexagonal phase, and the nanocomposites containing RGO and CNTs. Morphological studies performed by using FESEM and TEM images showed that the ZnO possessed tube-like morphology with length and diameter in the range of ~1 micron and 90–200 nm, respectively, which were uniform and densely covered on the surface of the carbon materials. The DSSCs were fabricated using prepared nanostructures as a working electrode and platinum as a counter electrode with ruthenium-based dyes and iodide electrolytes. To further improve the efficiency of fabricated solar cells, nanocomposites of prepared nanostructures of ZnO with RGO and CNTs were synthesized, and their results were compared with the pristine samples. The results showed that the ZnO/CNTs (0.5 wt%) nanocomposites electrode exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs with a maximum value of 0.612% compared to 0.326% of DSSC with pure ZnO, and 0.574% of DSSC with ZnO/RGO. Significantly, this technique could be used for large-scale production using the existing economical and highly effective DSSC fabrication technique.

CeO2–TiO2 oxides with core-shell structure

A series of CeO2–TiO2 composites were synthesized using sol-gel method, and the structures were investigated by HR TEM, XRD, TG-DSC-MS, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The titania coating layer consisting of fine crystallites contributes to properties of the CeO2@TiO2 nanocomposite. The development of the fast, simple, and facile route for the synthesis of novel CeO2@TiO2 core-shell nanocomposite particles was suggested. An approach to increase the shell thickness of titania is to increase the concentration of the precursor of titania, but it also observed the formation of a small amount of independent titania clusters. It is shown that an increase in the titania content leads to the formation of a larger proportion of the rutile phase and a decrease in the proportion of metastable anatase and brookite, while reducing the particle size of the initial ceria core and the specific surface area due to the contact of titania shells, caused by the closer connections between nanoparticles.

A quasi-physical method for random packing of spherical particles

In this work, a quasi-physical method for the random packing of spherical particles based on the equivalent spring structure and the principle of force equilibrium is proposed. The model is inspired by a meshing method “Distmesh”. For the purpose of generating a feasible packing, the proposed model calculates the displacements of each particle based on physical principles and disregards forces that may not help with convergence, thus offering a natural and possibly fast route towards the final packing configuration. The packing densities predicted by the proposed method are in good agreement with those predicted by other methods and the experimental results. Finally, the topological properties of the packing of particles with log-normal size distributions, binary mixtures and ternary mixtures are evaluated by radical tessellation. The results show that the particle size differences and the proportions of each kind of particles have significant effect on the packing properties of the mixture. • Proposing a new quasi-physical model for the random packing of particles. • The model is inspired by a meshing method, which can more easily form force grids. • The model offers a natural and possibly fast route towards the final packing. • The particle size and volume ratio have significant effect on the packing properties.

Substrate conformal imprint fabrication process of synthetic antiferromagnetic nanoplatelets

Methods to fabricate and characterize monodisperse magnetic nanoplatelets for fluid/bio-based applications based on spintronic thin-film principles are a challenge. This is due to the required top-down approach where the transfer of optimized blanket films to free particles in a fluid while preserving the magnetic properties is an uncharted field. Here, we explore the use of substrate conformal imprint lithography (SCIL) as a fast and cost-effective fabrication route. We analyze the size distribution of nominal 1.8 μm and 120 nm diameter platelets and show the effect of the fabrication steps on the magnetic properties which we explain through changes in the dominant magnetization reversal mechanism as the size decreases. We show that SCIL allows for efficient large-scale platelet fabrication and discuss how application-specific requirements can be solved via process and material engineering.

A Deep Learning-Based Fast Route Planning Model for Location-Based Social Networks

Nowadays, location-based social networks (LBSN) are a kind of popular media in cyberspace. The LBSN provide geography-aware social services to users, so as to create special social network activities. For users, where to go and how to arrange following positions are the most intuitive problems. As a result, many researchers began to pay attention to the position recommendation in LBSN, in the past decade. However, existing position recommendation methods in LBSN are mostly oriented with situations involving single positions or not many positions. In fact, many scenarios require suggestion of series positions, which is usually ignored by the current research works. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a deep learning-based fast route planning model for LBSN. Specifically, dependency inside position sequences for each user is modeled with the use of recurrent deep learning model. Then, such deep learning model is used to output prediction results for series future positions for a user. Hence, series positions can constitute the routes for users. Finally, experiments on a real LBSN dataset show the efficiency of the proposed route planning model.

Determination Of The Nearest Location Of Tourism In Semarang Regency With Proximity Analysis Method Based On Shortest Path Trace

Tourism in Semarang Regency is very diverse, such as historical building tours, culinary tours, and so on. These tourist sites are not close to each other so sometimes it makes tourists need to consider the choice of roads to get to each location in order to save time and gas. The many choices of roads to tourist destinations sometimes make tourists confused because they want to use the fastest route but don't know which routes should be used to get to tourist sites. This can be overcome by searching for a location with the shortest route to help tourists find the fastest route. By implementing a recommendation system, it can attract tourists to visit. Tourists can determine tourism objects based on location. This research utilizes proximity analysis algorithm with Shortest Path Trace to determine the closest travel route from the location of the application user to the tourist location. The Shortest Path Trace Algorithm used is based on mileage optimization calculations using Dijkstra's Algorithm. The implication of this research is that the application generated from this research can be used by tourists to find and find out the closest tourist location along with the shortest path to the tourist location.

Future Impact on Pakistan Economy in the 21st Century Shifting of Global Power

The Wakhan Corridor is surrounded by the concerned region of Mekandar. The access strip is located at the intersection of four countries, the mainland of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, China and Pakistan. The Wakhan Corridor has been the mainly vital intersection point of the Silk Road since its inception. This corridor has long been used by Europeans and Chinese as a trade path to reach the Indian plains and sea lines of communication in the Indian Ocean via the coasts of the Arabian Sea. At the joint of China, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan lies a small extend of land in Afghanistan's Badakhshan province known as the Wakhan Corridor. Being a passage of the old Silk Road, this corridor is of great historical value. It still has a lot of room for increase in terms of tourism and regional connectivity. Wakhan region is considered relatively peaceful as there is no law-and-order problem. Construction of the road through Wakhan will improve regional trade and business, especially for Pakistan, Central Asia and Afghanistan. It could provide the fastest trade route for China to access Afghanistan and Pakistan for access to Central Asia. In this context, the research explores the possibilities of revitalizing the Wakhan Corridor through the construction of road infrastructure. This paper highlights the economical importance of the Wakhan Corridor in the light of the emerging regional scenario. Both ISIS and the Pakistani Taliban are essential to disrupt the corridor and create security challenges for development. To benefit from future trade improvements along the Wakhan Corridor, the three countries (Pakistan, China and Tajikistan) should focus on the security and political situation.

Screening the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Pandemic Response Box chemical library on Caenorhabditis elegans identifies re-profiled candidate anthelmintic drug leads

The 3 major classes of soil transmitted helminths (whipworm, hookworm and Ascaris) affect 1.5 billion people worldwide mostly in poor countries, where they have adverse effects on child development, nutrition, and the work capacity of adults. Although there are drugs effective on Ascaris, notably the benzimidazoles, those same drugs show poor efficacy particularly against whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and to a certain extent hookworm. Parasitic nematodes also infect farm livestock and companion animals. Resistance to currently deployed human and veterinary anthelmintic drugs is a growing problem. Therefore, new chemical anthelmintic lead compounds are urgently needed. One of the fastest routes to a novel therapeutic lead is to screen libraries of drugs which are either already approved for human use or have already been part of clinical trials. We have pursued this approach to anthelmintic lead discovery using an invertebrate automated phenotyping platform (INVAPP) for screening chemicals and the well-established nematode genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The 400 compound Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) Pandemic Response Box library was screened with each compound tested initially at 1.0x10-4 M. We identified 6 compounds (MMV1593515 (vorapaxar), MMV102270 (diphyllin), MMV1581032 (ABX464), MMV1580796 (rubitecan), MMV1580505 and MMV1593531) active in both an L1-L4 growth/motility assay and in an L4 motility assay. For vorapaxar, an EC50 of 5.7x10-7 M was observed, a value comparable to those of some commercial anthelmintics. Although not a parasite, the ease with which high-throughput screens can be pursued on the free-living nematode C. elegans makes this a useful approach to identify chemical leads and complements the often lower-throughput experiments on parasitic nematode models.

Macromodeling of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Based on Microwave Network Theory

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are of potential use in wireless communication systems due to their ability to perform beam steering, harmonic wave manipulation, and polarization conversion. However, the main challenge in designing RISs is to obtain their electromagnetic (EM) responses, which is time-consuming and computationally prohibitive. In this work, an efficient modeling method is proposed for fast evaluation of the reflection coefficient and far-field patterns of RISs. The proposed method utilizes the microwave network theory to compute the accurate reflection coefficient of RISs elements under the illumination of incident waves from arbitrary directions. Compared to the classical equivalent circuit model, it enables the separate design of meta-atoms and tunable devices at the network level. The proposed method is verified by the full-wave simulation results of two RIS elements and experimental results of a 3-bit RIS. This work forms a fast and feasible route to obtain the responses of RISs, which allows the RISs to find extensive applications in many scenarios.

In vitro asymbiotic germination, seedling formation and tuberization of Orchis sancta

Plant tissue culture techniques have recently become attractive tools for propagating rare and endangered species and producing their economically important natural products. Here, we introduce a protocol for an effective, fast and reliable production route of plantlets and tubers from salep orchid, Orchis sancta, a native orchid species growing wild in Turkey. In the course of this study, the efficacy of basal media and plant growth regulators on asymbiotic germination of mature seed, seedling formation, tuberization and glucomannan contents of tubers were assessed. Amongst all basal media evaluated, Orchimax including activated charcoal gave the best germination rate (62.46%). Supplementing this medium with 1.0 mg/L zeatin resulted in the highest germination rate (81.18%). Lowest thidiazuron concentration (0.25 mg/L) was very effective on shoot elongation while kinetin (0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) promoted leaf formation. The aforesaid basal medium with IBA favored root extension (31.16 mm) and root formation (4.5 roots per plantlet) at 1.0 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L IBA, respectively. Cytokinins, zeatin (2.0 mg/L) in particular, promoted tuber formation and glucomannan accumulation. Plantlets were successfully adapted to soil step by step.

Energy Efficiency Use of Amount of Light in a Room Based on Number of People Using IoT and Image Processing

A room with too humid conditions can cause mold and bacteria to multiply quickly. The humidity level of the room can be influenced by several factors such as the temperature level and the intensity of light entering the room. Even so, the use of lighting as a sterilizer is currently still lacking in reducing the level of humidity in the room. For this reason, it is necessary to develop technology in the form of a control system for the use of led and ultraviolet lamps in the study room by utilizing the IoT system, so that it can turn on the lights and utilize electrical energy. In this study, the Internet of Things system was applied as a control for Web cameras, Gyml 8511, DHT11, and BH1750 sensors. Data from the sensor will be sent from Arduino uno to a local server, namely raspberry pi 4 using NRF24L01. The communication system between nodes is designed with a mesh topology that can determine the fastest route in the process of sending information. The result of this research is monitoring on the web display that displays the condition of the class and the condition of the lights. From the experimental results, it is found that the mesh communication system can work well.

Effect of Using Internet on Academic Achievement: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students in Women University of AJ&K Bagh Pakistan

The aim of the research is to determine how internet utilization affected undergraduate students' academic performance in District Bagh, AJ&K, Pakistan. Students all across the world are substantially impacted by the internet. Internet usage and academic success are directly related in a positive way. For this investigation, a descriptive survey design was chosen. The Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, undergraduate students from all 13 departments made up the study's population. A sample of 300 undergraduate students from various departments was chosen using a simple random sampling procedure. All female students made up the sample because it was a women's university. An independently created questionnaire was used as a research tool to gather crucial information for the objective of the study. The results of the research data were examined using the statistical Package for Social Science. Based on the findings, recommendations have been given. The study's primary conclusions were that excessive internet use has a negative influence on students' academic performance, but that if students use the internet for academic purposes for 2 to 4 hours per day, it benefits them and has a good effect on their academic progress. It is also beneficial for other classes. It has been established that the fastest route accessing foreign libraries is via the internet. To assist students, the university administration may provide rapid and easy access to internet connections which makes productive and purposeful research.

Influence of Doping-Ion-Type on the Characteristics of Al2O3-Based Nanocomposites and Their Capabilities of Removing Indigo Carmine from Water

Globally, the continuous contamination of natural water resources is a severe issue, and looking for a solution for such a massive problem should be the researcher’s concern. Herein, Al2O3, Al2O3-CuO, Al2O3-NiO, and Al2O3-CoO were prepared via a simple and fast route, utilizing glucose as a capping material. All synthesis conditions were uniform to make the fabricated nanomaterials’ characteristics exclusively influenced by only the ion type. The SEM analysis showed that the particles of the synthesized Al2O3, Al2O3-CuO, Al2O3-NiO, and Al2O3-CoO were all less than 25 nm. The Al2O3-NiO showed the smallest particle size (11 to 14 nm) and the best BET surface area of 125.6 m2 g−1. All sorbents were tested for removing organic pollutants, as exemplified by indigo carmine (IGC) dye. The Al2O3-NiO possessed the highest adsorption capacity among the other sorbents for which it had been selected for further investigations. The IGC sorption reached equilibrium within 2.0 h, and the kinetic study revealed that the IGC removal by Al2O3-NiO nanocomposite fitted the FOM and the LFM. The sorbent showed an experimental adsorption capacity (qt) of 456.3 mg g−1 from a 200 mg L−1 IGC solution and followed the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic findings indicated an endothermic, spontaneous, and physisorption nature. The seawater and groundwater samples contaminated with 5.0 mg L−1 IGC concentrations were fully remediated using the Al2O3-NiO nanocomposite. The reuse study showed 93.3% average efficiency during four successive cycles. Consequently, prepared Al2O3-NiO nanocomposite is recommended for the treatment of contaminated water.

Development of Plasma Parameters for the Manufacture of MCrAlY Bond Coats by Low‐Pressure Plasma Spraying Using a Cascaded Torch

MCrAlY bond coats (MNi, Co) for thermal barrier coating systems are often manufactured by low‐pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) to achieve dense coatings with low oxygen uptake at high deposition efficiencies. Herein, the novel SinplexPro 03C plasma spray torch (Oerlikon Metco) is characterized regarding this application, and appropriate process parameters are developed. The mass‐specific plasma enthalpy and the hydrogen–argon plasma gas ratio prove to be substantial factors. The best deposition efficiency and lowest porosity are achieved at a mass‐specific plasma enthalpy between 17 and 19 MJ kg−1. The oxygen content increases degressively with the enthalpy. Already at small hydrogen fractions in the plasma gas, a fast route is established for the recombination of argon ions. Consequently, the thermal treatment of the feedstock is improved. Moreover, the porosity decreases at increasing hydrogen content of the plasma gas, as the gun is operated in constant current mode and thus the input power increases. However, the deposition efficiency decreases slightly. On the other hand, the oxygen content decreases due to the reducing effect of hydrogen. The deposition efficiency, porosity, and oxygen content are also reasonable if no hydrogen is admixed at all, as the fluctuations of the plasma are reduced.

Construction of self-supported hierarchical CuCo2O4 dendrites as faradaic electrode material for redox-based supercapacitor applications

The hierarchical CuCo2O4 dendrites electrode was directly constructed by a rapid and facile electrochemical route followed by thermal treatment. The engineered dendrites illustrate vertically aligned architecture with primary midrib connected with ceaseless secondary trunks subdivided to tertiary trunks in an ordered arrangement. CuCo2O4 exhibited superior capacitive property (938.4 C g−1), compared to the corresponding mono metal oxides (CuO = 341.6 and Co3O4 = 65.04 C g−1) at applied current density of 12 A g−1. Owing to the constructive features of uninterrupted conductive pathways, multivalent redox species, and structural advantages of CuCo2O4 dendrites, the rationally developed faradaic electrode offers improved capacity of 597.12 C g−1 for 5000 cycles with retention of 83.5% at higher current density value of 30 A g−1. A faradaic supercapacitor was fabricated with CuCo2O4 and activated carbon as cathode and anode, delivered capacity value of 223.65 C g−1 at 8 A g−1 with 93.91% retention value upto 5000 cycles at current density of 30 A g−1. The assembled device exhibited a high energy density of 87.465 W h kg−1 at 4.9 kW kg−1 and still maintained to deliver 30.741 W h kg−1 at 50.99 kW kg−1 upon high applied current density of 30 A g−1. Thus these perspectives pronounce the binder free, fast and scalable synthetic route for the preparation of hierarchical nanostructures for high performance energy storage devices also provides a platform for improvising energy crisis and storage demands.

6‐Methylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Based Compounds as BRD9 Epigenetic Reader Binders: A Rational Combination of in silico Studies and Chemical Synthesis

Abstract6‐methylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one‐based compounds were here identified and synthesized as novel binders of bromodomain‐containing protein 9 (BRD9) epigenetic reader. Accounting a fast and efficient synthetic route aimed to easily obtain differently 2‐ and 8‐disubstituted 6‐methylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives, a virtual library of synthesizable items was built and submitted to molecular docking experiments. Based on two 3D structure‐based pharmacophore models recently developed by us on BRD9, 16 compounds were selected and synthesized, using mild conditions with good yields in relatively short reaction times. Among them, 14, 16, 18, 22, and 26 emerged as the most potent compounds of these series, able to bind BRD9 at the low micromolar range of concentrations. These molecules also showed a promising selective behavior when tested against BRD4 bromodomain. These results highlighted the quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one chemical core as a valuable scaffold for developing promising BRD9 binders.

Safe route-finding: A review of literature and future directions

While road navigation systems seek to determine the shortest routes between a given set of origin and destination points, there are certain situations in which the fastest route increases the risk of being involved in road crashes. This implies the necessity of integrating safe route-finding into road navigation systems. This study is designed to synthesize the literature on safe route-finding and identify the gaps in the literature for future research. Specifically, a scoping literature review methodology is applied to understand how safety is incorporated in route-finding, even beyond motor vehicle navigation systems. Three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore) are explored, and controlling for inclusion criteria, 40 studies are included in this review. The findings of this review indicated five areas through which safety was considered in route-finding: motor vehicle navigation, public safety, public health, pedestrian and cyclist navigation, and hazardous material transportation. The measurement of safety was found challenging with inconsistencies in safety quantification approaches. The safe route-finding algorithms were investigated based on their predictive/reactive, static/dynamic, and centralized/decentralized characteristics. Based on the critical review of the safe route-finding algorithms, availability of real-time data sources, accurate real-time and disaggregated crash risk prediction models, trade-off between time and safety in road navigation tools, and centralized safe route-finding are highlighted as the requirements and challenges in considering safety in road navigation systems. This study outlines a research agenda to address the identified challenges in safe route-finding.

Graph Application in Finding the fastest Path From Subang City To Cirebon City

This paper discusses the application of one of the Discrete Mathematics materials, namely Graph Theory, in determining the fastest route from Subang City, more precisely from Subang Pusakanagara, Subang to Cirebon City. The fastest path is the route taken by considering the minimum travel time from one place to another. There are various ways to determine the minimum travel path, but the goal is the same, namely to find a travel path with the minimum travel time. The research process begins with formulating a problem using Graph Theory with the help of the Google Maps application and the experiences of the researchers. This Google Maps application is very useful when traveling long distances but want to use the path with minimal travel time. After formulating the problem, it is continued with the implementation of the Weighted Average Method and ends with the Floyd Warshall Algorithm. The result of this study is to find the fastest path from the starting point, namely Subang Pusakanagara to the end point, namely Cirebon City.

Self-Care and Preventive Measures of Coronavirus: Evidence from India

Introduction: Coronavirus cases increased across countries so quickly, and in response, no country was ready to handle it. India is the most populous country; inadequate healthcare infrastructure and lack of insurance coverage were the main concerns. Here, self-care and preventive measure is the only option to deal with the pandemic and such virus. Objective: To analyze the awareness about the self-care and preventive measures for Coronavirus in India. Methods: This study analyses the self-care and preventive measures taken against the Coronavirus by the people in India. The study collected the data of 517 Indian respondents through the questionnaire (i.e., based on a convenience sampling technique). The statistical tools used frequency, percentage, and correlation. Results: Most respondents reported the Coronavirus infection causes symptoms like cough, fever, shortness of breath, stomachache, sore throat, and cold (i.e., 86.3, 87.8, 81.4, 88.4, 77.4, and 72.0 percent of respondents, respectively). Most of the respondents agreed that wearing masks (77.2 percent), gloves (66.9 percent), and hand hygiene (88.8 percent) could prevent the spreading of the virus. Conclusion: The findings concluded that most people were aware of self-care and preventive measures and Coronavirus symptoms. Social media acted as the fastest route to make people more aware of information dissemination which prevented pandemics’ outbursts.

Robot Pengiriman Obat Dengan Rute Tercepat Menggunakan Algoritma Djikstra

ABSTRACT
 The development of today's era has become a necessity where technology is one of the important factors in human life, humans always create innovations to make work easier and solve problems that always arise. In December 2019 the emergence of a pandemic caused by a virus called Covid -19 This virus can be transmitted from human to human through splashes of body fluids or contaminated surfaces. To solve this problem the author took the initiative to help nurses by designing drug distribution tools so that nurses do not need to make direct contact with patients and drug distribution will be sent more efficiently, this tool uses a TCRT line sensor which is used to identify the path then the data is sent to the Arduino microcontroller UNO to be processed to find out the fastest route using the djikstra algorithm then instructs the DC motor to move towards the cooled destination.