Fast Food Consumption Research Articles

Self-Reported Nutritional Status and Breakfast Characterization in Latin American University Students

Objective To associate breakfast consumption frequency with self-reported nutritional status and dietary patterns of Latin American university students by human development. Material and methods This was a cross-sectional, multicenter observational study. University students from 11 Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Paraguay, Panama and Uruguay) were invited to participate by answering an online self-administered questionnaire on food consumption and sociodemographic indicators, associations were investigated using logistic regression. Results The logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between breakfast consumption and the crude model, models 2 and 3 in countries with very high and upper-middle/high human development. However, after adjustment in the most comprehensive model, the association is no longer statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model of the variables, a significant relationship was observed between breakfast consumption and both healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Specifically, students who typically consume breakfast exhibit greater consumption of oatmeal and fruits, as well as healthier dinner choices. Conversely, they exhibit lower consumption of fast food, sugary drinks, and juices. In particular, in highly developed countries, along with the mentioned foods, consumption of dairy was linked to breakfast consumption in a positive way, while alcohol consumption was negatively associated. Conclusion University students who eat breakfast on a regular basis maintain a healthier diet in comparison to those who do not, irrespective of their country’s level of human development.

Negative Effect of Pop Culture on Youth

This research paper examines the negative impact of pop culture on the youth, focusing on the diverse mediums and forms of media that dominate contemporary society. Pop culture, encompassing music, films, television shows, social media platforms, and other popular forms of entertainment, has an undeniable influence on young minds. While pop culture may seem harmless and entertaining, its effects on youth can be far-reaching, shaping their beliefs, values, behaviors, and overall well-being. This study aims to explore the multifaceted ways in which pop culture can have detrimental consequences for the youth, including its potential to promote materialism, reinforce harmful stereotypes, encourage risky behaviors, and contribute to the erosion of critical thinking and individuality. By critically analyzing the negative impact of pop culture on youth, this research seeks to raise awareness and provide insights into developing strategies and interventions to mitigate its adverse effects and promote a more balanced and constructive media landscape for the younger generation. effects of pop culture on youth is of paramount significance in today's society. As pop culture continues to permeate various aspects of young individuals' lives, it becomes crucial to explore the consequences it may have on their development, well-being, and future trajectories. Pop culture has the potential to influence youth engagement in risky behaviors, such as substance abuse, unsafe sexual practices, and violence. By examining these negative effects, this research can inform preventive interventions, health education programs, and policy initiatives aimed at mitigating the risks associated with pop culture exposure This research significantly contributes to the ongoing discourse on the negative effects of pop culture on youth. By providing a deeper understanding of these effects, it aims to inform stakeholders and guide the development of interventions, policies, and educational initiatives to mitigate the adverse consequences and promote the well-being and healthy development of young individuals in today's media-saturated world. In this research we will be using SPSS software. Pop culture subject youth to substance abuse and drug experimentation Pop culture trends contribute to body dissatisfaction among youth Portrayal of violence and aggression in popular culture contributes to aggressive behavior. The overemphasis on social media and constant need for validation through likes and followers influence the mental health and well-being of young people. The portrayal of substance abusers and drug use in popular culture impacts the attitude and behavior of young people towards drug experimentation and addiction. Pop-culture plays a role in promoting unhealthy eating habits, such as the consumption of fast food and sugary drinks, among young individuals. As per the SPSS Analysis we get to know that in Reliability Statistics Cronbach’s Alpha is 0.864, Cranach’s Alpha Based on Standardized Items is 0.866and Number of Items is 6. From the above results I conclude that in Reliability Statistics Cronbach’s Alpha are 0.864, Cranach’s Alpha Based on Standardized Items is 0.866 and Number of Items is 6.

Changes in Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Body Weight among Lithuanian Students during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle changes remains understudied. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess changes in nutrition, physical activity, and body weight among Lithuanian students during the pandemic and their post-pandemic persistence. Data were collected from 1430 first-year students (325 males, 1105 females) through an online self-administered questionnaire. The students indicated an increase in the consumption of snacks, fast food, home-made confectionery, and sweets. A decrease in physical activity during the pandemic was reported by 34.9% of males and 33.2% of females. Lifestyle changes during the pandemic were associated with post-pandemic habits. A higher proportion of females (38.7%) than males (31.1%) indicated an increase in BMI, which was more pronounced among students with overweight. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that reduced physical activity; the increased consumption of red meat, snacks, fast food, and home-made confectionery during the pandemic; and post-pandemic BMI were linked with weight gain. After the pandemic, weight gain persisted in 40.9% of students who continued to follow unhealthy nutrition habits and had reduced physical activity. The study emphasizes that the promotion of a healthy diet and regular physical activity among university students is essential for developing lifelong habits that contribute to a healthy body weight and overall well-being.

The changes of dietary fiber intake in obese adults: NCDs cohort study in Bogor City

The prevalence of obesity in the adult is increasing each year due to increased consumption of fast food and decreased consumption of fiber. Based on Basic Health Research there was 20% of Indonesians suffered from obesity in 2018. The objective is to analyze changes in dietary fiber intake in adult obese in Bogor City. Methods: This research is conducted using secondary data from Risk-Factor of Non-Communicable Disease Bogor. The research design was prospective cohort. Total subjects were 138 subjects who were newly suffer from obesity in 2014 and 2016, and had normal BMI in baseline (2011 and 2012). Consumption data were collected using 24-hr recall and FFQ and were processed and analyzed using Nutri Survey, Microsoft excel and SPSS 23.0 version. Univariate analysis was used to see the characteristic of the subjects, while different test was using Wilcoxon test since the data are not distributed normally. Results,most subjects were women (77,5%) aged 35-44 years old. The mean of dietary fiber intake was at about 9,7 g in the beginning and it increased by 1,2 g. Despite the increment in the percentage of the people who consumed dietary fiber at about 58%, the mean was still under the recommendation (<25g) at 96,4%. Conclusions, there was an increasing number of dietary fiber in the obese adult who were newly suffered from obesity in two years follow-ups, but the intake is still under the recommendation.

FEEDING PRACTICES IN CHILDREN LESS THAN 3YRS AGE AND ITS RELEVANT KNOWLEDGE AMONG YOUNG MOTHERS.

ABSTRACT
 Background: It is necessary that parents are aware of the proper feeding practices for the benefit of their child’s heath status and immunity. Thus, time to time assessment should be done to find out the awareness of the parents at the given time and scenario so that necessary interventions can be carried out to educate the parents regarding healthy feeding practices. Objective: To gain information about the feeding practices currently undertaken by the mothers of children (aged less than three years) in some rural and urban localities of Rahim Yar Khan. Methodology: I Cross Sectional survey of 213 young mothers less than 35 years of age having at least one child of age below 3 years, who presented at Pediatrics outdoor indoor, Gynecology outdoor indoor and Vaccination center of Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim yar Khan Were selected through Convenient Sampling Data Collection & Analysis: Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire & analyzed through a software SPSS. It contains statistical as well as graphical explanations. Results: This Cross Sectional survey was conducted amongst 213 female’s, Mothers Knowledge related to feeding practices of their children of less than 3 years of age has shown that 140(65.7%) mothers were Exclusive Breast Feeding their children and 130(61.0%) considered using Cow’s milk instead of formula Milk. 102 (47.9 %) introduced Solid food to their child at 6 months. Majority 119 (55.87%) were not aware of any food allergies or intolerances in their children and majority 91 (42.7%) believes in normal ways followed by 63 (29.6%) who use rewards to ensure their child takes meal. Another important finding is that 180 (84.5%) were allowing their child consume processed or fast food while 22 (10.3 %) were consuming it on daily basis while 114 (53.5 %) were not aware of the appropriate portion sizes for your child’s age and 158 (74.2%) were offering sugary snacks or desserts to your child. Conclusion: Initiation of breast feeding within one hour has shown improvement but still 40 % not knowing this basic knowledge. Moreover on one hand 80% were practicing addition of variety of protein sources and almost 100% believed in fruit consumption but at the same time more than 50% were not having idea of the portion size and almost 100% were allowing Processed or fast food consumption. These statistics emphasize comprehensive educational programs for the mothers. Future research can be focused on impact of educational programs on Nutritional practices:

The Relationship Between Fast Food Consumption, Pocket Money, And Quality Of Sleep With Over Nutrition In Adolescents

Background: Adolescents with obese nutritional status are at risk of experiencing degenerative diseases, which can reduce the quality of life of adolescents. The healthy rate of overweight and obesity is closely related to food intake and lifestyle. Consuming fast food has become a lifestyle for teenagers. This is also influenced by the amount of pocket money, making it easy for teenagers to get fast food. Another lifestyle factor that is related to obesity in adolescents is the quality of sleep. This study aims to determine the relationship between fast food consumption, pocket money, and sleep quality with the incidence of overweight in adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Telukjambe Timur Karawang. Research Methods: This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Telukjambe Karawang. The respondents were grade 10 and 11 students aged 16-18 years. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total sample of 103 respondents. The method used is quantitative research with survey techniques utilizing a cross-sectional approach. Data analysis was performed with the chi-square test. The instruments used in this study were the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the pocket money questionnaire. Research Result: Analysis of statistical test data using spearman rank. The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents aged 16 years were 74 people (71.8%), non-overnutrition were 76 people (73.8%), rarely consumed fast food as many as 59 people (57.3%), sleep quality 76 people (73.8%) have insufficient income, and 74 people (71.8%) have low pocket money. Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between the frequency of fast food consumption and the quality of sleep with the incidence of overweight, and there is no relationship between pocket money and the incidence of overweight and the fast food consumption habits of adolescents.

Assessment and Evaluation of Health and Environmental Awareness towards Fast Food Consumption among Under Graduate Students

The fashion to consume fast food among pre university students is growing at a faster rate.

The Relationship of Mental Health Continuum with Hedonic Hunger and Dietary Habits in Adults

Purpose: Research on mental health emphasizes that psychological state has an effect on eating behavior. These studies suggest that there may be a relationship between mental health continuum and hedonic hunger. This study aimed to examine the relationship between adults’ mental health continuity and hedonic hunger. Method: Participants were 387 adults (65 men and 322 women) without any mental illness. Data was collected by the researcher using the snowball sampling model, via Google Forms. A general questionnaire, food consumption frequency form, Mental Health Continuum Short-Form (MHC-SF) and Power of Food Scale (PFS) were administered. Results: 56.1% of the participants were in normal mental health and 36.4% in well-being. MHC-SF total and sub-factor scores of the participants who did regular physical activity were significantly higher (p<0.05). The PFS total score was higher in women than men. There was a negative, weak, and statistically significant correlation between participants' MHC-SF and PFS total scores (p<0.05). There was a positive, weak and statistically significant correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and PFS total scores. There was a positive, weak and statistically significant correlation between PFS score, body weight and BMI. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between all PSF total and sub-factor scores and the frequency of fast-food and chips consumption (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hedonic hunger increased as the mental health continuum decreased. It was determined that the continuity of mental health was higher in individuals who do regular physical activity and in men. As hedonic hunger increased, the frequency of consumption of chips and fast-food products increased.

Practice of Fast Food Consumption among University Students and Variables Associated with the Practice

Fast food consumption is one of the most well-known aspects practiced among different societies, being especially popular among children and adolescents. The significance of this study is to analyse college students' knowledge about fast food consumption and find determinant factors along with the prevalence of fast-food consumption among the students of Gulf Medical University. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 students at Gulf Medical University. Self-administered structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Out of 400 participants included in the research, 89.25% ate fast food; out of those, 77.5% believed that fast food consumption might cause obesity, 20.2% consumed fast food 1-2 times a month, 84.4% participants expected to spend less than 50 AED on fast food meal, 72.6% said they choose fast food because they enjoyed its taste, 87.9% both ate fast food and worked out, and 66.7% stated that proximity of fast food restaurants determined whether they consume fast food instead of proper food. 89.3% of participants were aware that fast food was unhealthy. One of the main reasons for fast food consumption was the influence of friends. With increasing age, participants became concerned about health complications of fast-food consumption, such as stroke or liver disease. Participants heavily favoured fast food during late-night study sessions as it helped them stay awake. Moreover, participants who consumed fast food also packed sugary/salty snacks as lunches, probably to find a suitable substitution.

Abstract P340: Codonopsis Lanceolata Extract Prevents Metabolic And Cardiovascular Alterations In Short-term High-fat/high-fructose Diet-fed Adolescent Rats

Fast food consumption, which has increased among adolescents, has been associated with the risk of cardio-metabolic disorders. However, the effects of short-term high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFFD) on cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in adolescent rats has not yet been evaluated. Also, preventive effects of codonopsis lanceolata (CL) in these rats are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of short-term HFFD consumption on cardiovascular and metabolic factors in adolescent rats, as well as the preventive effects of CL extract. Adolescent rats were fed a 60% high-fat diet plus 10% fructose water for 2 weeks. During this time, CL extract (200 or 400 mg/kg) was administered once daily. Short-term HFFD increased visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentration and water intake in adolescent rats. This diet also significantly increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, and phenylephrine-induced vasocontraction. CL extract, however, effectively reduced visceral WAT weight, FBS, SBP and heart rate in short-term HFFD-fed adolescent rats. These findings indicate that exposure to HFFD for only 2 weeks induced cardiovascular and metabolic alterations in adolescent rats and that CL extract is effective in preventing these harmful effects of short-term HFFD in adolescent rats. This work was by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1A2C2004118). * Corresponding author. Keywords: high-fat/high-fructose diet; adolescent; codonopsis lanceolata ; prevention; visceral white adipose tissue; fasting blood sugar; systolic blood pressure

METABOLİK SENDROM

Metabolic syndrome is a common health problem, is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Metabolic syndrome is a type of disorder that occurs as a result of the coexistence of insulin resistance and obesity-like findings, hipertriglisemi, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, stress, low HDL, hyperglycemia, inflammation, adipocyte-derived aldosterone-releasing factors, sleep apnea, etc. The same criteria and symptoms are valid for the disease in animals, and similar definitions are made for animals. In recent years, interest in metabolic syndrome, its causes and consequences has increased in veterinary medicine as well as in human medicine. In the formation of the disease, with the development of industry and technology, besides genetic factors urbanization, sedentary life, fast and high-calorie food consumption and many environmental factors such as smoking and alcohol use play role. In addition to this, many situations are shown in animals such as breed, neutralism, relationship with the owner, ration content, loss of hunter, catcher, etc. characteristics by assimilating to today's conditions. Many internationally recognized institutions such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) ATPIII, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Turkish Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism have made definitions for metabolic syndrome. In this article, metabolic syndrome, which has a significant impact on human and animal life, is examined in general terms.

Determinants of Fast-Food Consumption among Youth: An Analysis of Influential Factors in Today's Contemporary Lifestyle

Determinants of Fast-Food Consumption among Youth: An Analysis of Influential Factors in Today's Contemporary Lifestyle

Hubungan Konsumsi Fast Food Dan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Obesitas Sentral Pada Mahasiswi Kebidanan Program Sarjana Universitas Respati Yogyakarta

Central obesity is a nutritional problem generally found in the world, both in developed and developing countries. Central obesity can lead to type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, sleep apnea, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. The results of the preliminary study demonstrated that seven out of 10 female students were in the category of central obesity. Female students with or without central obesity were known to rarely do physical activities and often consumed fast food. Objective: This study aimed to discover the relationship between fast food consumption and physical activity and the incidence of central obesity in the female students at the Undergraduate Program of Midwifery of Respati University Yogyakarta. Methods: This research is a quantitative study conducted using observational analytic techniques with a cross sectional approach. The instrument used was a questionnaire; the sampling technique used was the simple random sampling with a sample size of 107 female students. Data analysis was done using the Kendall tau test. Results: This study revealed that most of these female students had central obesity (51.4%). Forty percent of these female students always consumed fast food, and 54.2% of them did moderate physical activities. The results showed that there was a relationship between fast food consumption and central obesity (p=0.000, τ = 0.873). There was also a relationship between physical activity and the incidence of central obesity (p=0.000, τ = 0.401). Conclusion: There is a relationship between fast food consumption and physical activity and the incidence of central obesity

The Impact of Negative Emotions on Binge Eating and BMI Among Medical Students.

Background Binge eating disorder (BED) is a condition characterized by episodes of consuming large amounts of food and feeling a lack of control over eating behavior. Stress, anxiety, and depression are risk factors for developing BED, which may be particularly relevant for medical students who experience high levels of academic pressure and stress. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of binge eating behaviors among medical students, as well as the types of negative emotions that are most strongly associated with binge eating. Methodology This cross-sectional study employed convenience sampling and included 332 medical students from Almaarefa University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All medical students of all academic levels were eligible to participate in this study. Students from other colleges such as pharmacy students or students from other universities were excluded from this study. The researchquestionnaire collected information about negative emotions, BMI, number of meals, consumption of fast food, overeating behavior, and relevant demographic data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS Statistics version 26 (IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results The descriptive analysis showed that the majority of students reported consuming two meals per day and having snacks twice a day. Fast food consumption was reported by 58.1% of students. The study found that negative emotions such as stress, depression, and loneliness were significantly associated with binge eating behavior and had an impact on weight and BMI. The findings suggest the need for interventions to address negative emotions and promote healthy eating habits among medical students. Conclusion The study concludes that negative emotions such as stress, aggression, and boredom are significantly associated with binge eating behaviors among medical students. Depression, disappointment, and thoughts about difficult tasks were linked to detrimental effects on BMI and weight loss.

Obesity in Adolescent Boys Physical Inactivity Unhealthy Diets Screen Time and Irregular Sleep

The changes in diet and lifestyle- increased consumption of energy dense fast foods and a shift towards sedentary lifestyle has increased the risk of chronic diseases among adolescents.

Association of Fast Food Consumption with Diet Quality and Obesity in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study

Amaç: Bu çalışma, yetişkinlerin “fast food” tüketimi ile bireylerin diyet kalitelerini belirlemek amacıyla kullandığımız Sağlıklı Yeme
 İndeksi (HEI)-2015 ve Akdeniz Diyet Kalite İndeksi (PREDIMED) arasındaki ilişkileri değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
 Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ankara’da yaşayan 19-64 yaş aralığındaki yetişkin 400 birey dahil edilmiştir. Veriler bireylerin
 sosyodemografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, antropometrik ölçümleri, PREDIMED, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Ölçeği
 (IPAQ) ve besin tüketim kaydı sorularından oluşan anket formu ile yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Beslenme durumlarının tespiti için 24
 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı alınmıştır. Diyet kalitesini belirlemek için Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi -2015 (SYİ-2015) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin
 analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare testi, t testi, One Way Anova, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis testi ve linear regresyon analizi
 kullanılmıştır.
 Bulgular: Katılımcıların %63,7’si kadın, %36,3’ü erkektir. Bireylerin %56,3’ünün “fast food” tükettiği, ortalama “fast food” tüketim
 sıklığının 3,7±1,5 hafta olduğu saptanmıştır. Yetişkin bireylerin %30,5’i fazla kilolu/obez iken, %85,0’inin hafif fiziksel aktivite yaptığı
 belirlenmiştir. “Fast food” tüketen bireylerin ortalama doymuş yağ ve tekli doymamış yağ alımları tüketmeyenlere kıyasla daha fazladır
 (p

Impact of Fast Food on the Well-being of Youth in the US

The fast food industry’s aggressive marketing strategies and addictive nature of fast food, along with a lack of adequate regulations on the industry is fueling the soaring rates of fast food consumption among children and adolescents in the United States. This has proved and will continue to prove very costly to the health and well-being of the millions of youth in the US who routinely eat fast food. It is crucial to raise awareness of the many dangers of fast food consumption, provide healthier, convenient, and tasty options, and advocate for stricter regulations on the industry in order to protect the next generations of Americans.

Aptamer-modified metal organic frameworks for measurement of food contaminants: a review.

The measurement of food contaminants faces a great challenge owing to the increasing demand for safe food, increasing consumption of fast food, and rapidly changing patterns of human consumption. As different types of contaminants in food products can pose different levels of threat to human health, it is desirable to develop specific and rapid methods for their identification and quantification. During the past few years, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based materials have been extensively explored in the development of food safety sensors. MOFs are porous crystalline materials with tunable composition, dynamic porosity, and facile surface functionalization. The construction of high-performance biosensors for a range of applications (e.g., food safety, environmental monitoring, and biochemical diagnostics) can thus be promoted through the synergistic combination of MOFs with aptamers. Accordingly, this review article delineates recent innovations achieved for the aptamer-functionalized MOFs toward the detection of food contaminants. First, we describe the basic concepts involved in the detection of food contaminants in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used analytical methods (e.g., DNA-based methods (PCR/real-time PCR/multiplex PCR/digital PCR) and protein-based methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/immunochromatography assay/immunosensor/mass spectrometry). Afterward, the progress in aptamer-functionalized MOF biosensors is discussed with respect to the sensing mechanisms (e.g., the role of MOFs as signal probes and carriers for loading signal probes) along with their performance evaluation (e.g., in terms of sensitivity). We finally discuss challenges and opportunities associated with the development of aptamer-functionalized MOFs for the measurement of food contaminants.

Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women With Pregnancy-Related Risk Factors: A Prospective Women's Heart Clinic Study.

Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and having a small-for-gestational-age baby are known to substantially increase a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease. Despite this, evidence for models of care that mitigate cardiovascular disease risk in women with these pregnancy-related conditions is lacking. Methods and Results A 6-month prospective cohort study assessed the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary Women's Heart Clinic on blood pressure and lipid control in women aged 30 to 55 years with a past pregnancy diagnosis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, or a small-for-gestational age baby in Melbourne, Australia. The co-primary end points were (1) blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg or <130/80 mm Hg if diabetes and (2) total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio <4.5. The study recruited 156 women with a mean age of 41.0±4.2 years, 3.9±2.9 years from last delivery, 68.6% White, 20.5% South/East Asian, and 80.5% university-educated. The proportion meeting blood pressure target increased (69.2% to 80.5%, P=0.004), with no significant change in lipid targets (80.6% to 83.7%, P=0.182). Systolic blood pressure (-6.9 mm Hg [95% CI, -9.1 to -4.7], P<0.001), body mass index (-0.6 kg/m2 [95% CI, -0.8 to -0.3], P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-4.2 mg/dL [95% CI, -8.2 to -0.2], P=0.042), and total cholesterol (-4.6 mg/dL [95% CI, -9.1 to -0.2] P=0.042) reduced. Heart-healthy lifestyle significantly improved with increased fish/olive oil (36.5% to 51.0%, P=0.012), decreased fast food consumption (33.8% to 11.0%, P<0.001), and increased physical activity (84.0% to 92.9%, P=0.025). Conclusions Women at high risk for cardiovascular disease due to past pregnancy-related conditions experienced significant improvements in multiple cardiovascular risk factors after attending a Women's Heart Clinic, potentially improving long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes. Registration URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au; Unique identifier: ACTRN12622000646741.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Students Concerning Fast Food

Background: Lifestyle changes and, consequently, changes in dietary habits have led people, especially young people, to consume more processed and fast food. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude, and practice of fast-food consumption among medical sciences students in Rafsanjan, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected using a researcher-designed self-reported questionnaire, which was distributed among 350 medical sciences students in Rafsanjan, Iran, selected by stratified random sampling from 2019 to 2020. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were confirmed before commencement. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that university students had above-moderate knowledge (39.7±0.55) and positive attitudes (60.52±0.43) about fast food consumption. The mean number of times students consumed fast food in the past month was 12.41±0.46. There was a statistically significant and positive correlation between attitude and practice. Also, knowledge had a significant inverse correlation with attitude and practice. The level of women’s knowledge was significantly higher (P=0.001) than men’s knowledge, and the knowledge score of dental and medical students was significantly higher (P=0.04) than that of students from other schools. The men’s attitude score was significantly higher (P=0.04) than the women’s. Conclusion: Appropriate interventions should be implemented to improve students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning fast food consumption. Food labeling, teaching healthy cooking and preparation, time management, improving university meal programs, and opening affordable, healthy on-campus restaurants are recommended.