Farmers In Rural Areas Research Articles

Vegetable and Fruits Consumption and Body Mass Index Among Farmers in Rural Areas of Indonesia: A Secondary Data Analysis

Consumption of less vegetables and fruits in a person risks for overweight and obese. Farmers are one job with a low risk of consuming vegetables and fruit (< 250 grams) in one day. The purpose of this research was to know the association between the consumption of vegetable and fruits and body mass index among farmers in Posts of Non-Communicable Diseases (Posbindu PTM) Jenggawah Public Health Center, Jember Regency. A retrospective case-control study was used to analyze secondary data of Posbindu PTM registered from September to November 2020 among 81 farmers. The characteristics of participants, vegetable and fruit consumption, and body mass index were measured through KMS Posbindu PTM. There was a relationship between the consumption of vegetable and fruit with body mass index among farmers (p-value = 0.006; χ2= 8.725). Among 81 farmers were identified 59.3% less consumption of vegetables and fruit per day and 53,1% of obese. Farmers who consume less vegetables and fruit have a four times greater risk of being obese (OR= 4.00; 95% C = 1.562 – 10.242). Consumption vegetable and fruit is correlated with body mass index among farmers. Therefore, consuming vegetables and fruits should be improved to reduce the risk of obesity among farmers.

Edge computing driven sustainable development: A case study on professional farmer cultivation mechanism

AbstractNew‐type professional farmers are new‐type rural talents with scientific and cultural literacy and professional knowledge of agriculture under the background of rural revitalization. The new type of professional farmers is of great significance for accelerating agricultural modernization and promoting the construction of a powerful modern socialist country. In the process of cultivating new types of professional farmers in rural areas, it is necessary to break through the previous informatization constraints of poor information flow, and give full play to the role of advanced information technology to promote the sustainable economic development. This paper proposes a new type of professional farmer cultivation platform based on edge computing architecture to improve the cultivation efficiency of new type of professional farmers, so as to better promote the development of rural informatization. Aiming at the challenges of energy consumption under the edge platform architecture, this paper proposes a dynamic scheduling method for semi‐online tasks for edge computing platforms. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm, the method in this paper is compared with the classic scheduling algorithm, and simulated and verified on the CloudSim platform. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other algorithms in the task completion time metric. With the expansion of task scale, more energy consumption can be saved by using the algorithm proposed in this paper.

Monitor and Control of Green House Effect using multiple sensors using IOT

For many years, automation has advanced significantly worldwide. Agriculture is one field where automation is used extensively. Farmers in rural areas will benefit from greenhouse technology, which replaces human direct supervision with automatic monitoring and control of the greenhouse environment. The generic architecture that can be used for many other automation applications is the paper's main focus. Crop growth is essential given technological advancements. A greenhouse is a climate-controlled building with walls, roofing, and other design features for off-season plant growth. One of the most recent developments in information and communication technology is the internet of things, which enables worldwide connectivity and information management for users and sensor devices. In order to ensure that the crops have the best possible circumstances for growth and yield, temperature/humidity sensors, moisture sensors, and light sensors are used effectively inside the greenhouse to activate cooling fans, LED lights, and motors, respectively. Keywords: IoT, Greenhouse, Arduino, PH Sensor, Automated Control, Real Time Monitoring, Climate Control, Water Management.

BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND THEIR POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L) MOENCH

Sorghum is one of the important dryland C4 crops mainly grown in sub-saharan Africa and Asia and serves as a source of food, feed, fodder and biofuel. It is the main source of dry season ration to the livestock and provides nutrition and security for livelihood of poor farmers in rural areas. Sorghum can withstand drought and comes up well in adverse climatic conditions and hence, it is considered as an important climate resilient crop. Sorghum possesses diverse phytochemicals especially in the bran layer which represents a promising opportunity to be exploited as a functional food and to reduce the risk of non – communicable chronic diseases. Owing to high phenolic content and gluten free nature of sorghum and low glycemic index the grains are increasingly utilized for human consumption realising concept of eat right food for good health. Red sorghum bran is known as a rich source of anthocyanins. The bran and flour extracts analysis using various colorimetric methods including HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) found with presence of several phenolic compounds like anthocyanins particularly 3-deoxyanthocyanin that includes apignenidin and luteolinidin, condensed tannin, ferulic acidetc., which provide the therapeutic properties of antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The data collected from recent studies indicate that these molecules have a promising future as natural biofood agents for the treatment of various diseases, and this is particularly due to their strong antioxidant properties, in addition to modulating the intestinal microbiota. This review is made to understand the bioactive substances present in sorghum grains, their extraction and their potential therapeutic effects.

The Role of Rural Indian Women in Livestock Production

India is an agriculturally based nation, and a significant portion of its livestock sector is controlled by women. Women have a lot of options to increase their income by working in the livestock sector. Livestock provides meat, milk, eggs, and other food products, which are generally considered key assets for rural livelihood, that are dietary staples for population. For the women's livelihood and to help ensure the food security of the household, livestock is a crucial non-land productive asset. The tiny, marginal, and landless farmers in rural areas are the owners of more than 70% of the livestock. Compared to male workers, self-employed women are more likely to work in livestock production. Women add value and market the majority of animal farming activities, including fodder collection, feeding, watering, health care, animal management, milking, and household-level processing. Although rural women have a significant role in livestock management activities, however, their participation is low in certain decision-making activities. The present review elaborates in detail on the contribution of women in livestock management activities, different constraints faced by them in the livestock sector, and different areas where successful interventions can be undertaken to address the challenges faced by women in the livestock sector.

청년농업인의 진로의사결정 특성과 직업선택동기가 직무만족도에 미치는 영향 요인 연구

The purpose of this study was to establish a sustainable agricultural inflow and revitalization strategy by verifying the impact of career decision making characteristics and job choice motivation on the job satisfaction of young farmers in a situation where the aging of the rural agricultural population areas is serious. To this end, a survey was conducted on 300 young farmers under the age of 40 years among Korean 4-H members from June 17 to 28, 2022. The results of hierarchical regression analysis to find out the effect of career decision making characteristics and job choice motivation on job satisfaction were as follows: First, analysis of the causal relationship between succession, age, agricultural employment period, annual average income, and job satisfaction, which are control variables, showed that the lower the age and the higher the annual average income, the higher the job satisfaction of young farmers. Second, analysis of the causal relationship between dependent, intuitive, and rational characteristics, which are sub-factors of career decision making characteristics, revealed that the higher the rational and intuitive characteristics, the higher the job satisfaction. On the other hand, the lower the dependent characteristics the higher the job satisfaction. Third, analysis of the causal relationship between set goods, intrinsic factors, and external factors, which are sub-factors of job choice motivation, found that the stronger the intrinsic factors such as one’s aptitude, one’s interest, and individual development potential, the higher the job satisfaction. In particular, among the variables input, the intrinsic factor of job choice motivation was analyzed as the factor that had the highest effect on job satisfaction, and it was found that it was a very important factor that could increase job satisfaction for young farmers.

Progress and Performance of Agri-clinics and Agri-business Centres Scheme in India

Background: Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business Centres (AC and ABCs) is a scheme implemented by the Government of India in collaboration with the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) to provide assistance for the development of entrepreneurship in agriculture, creating employment opportunities for the unemployed agricultural graduates and also providing extension services to the farmers in rural areas. The present study is a modest attempt to evaluate the progress and performance of the Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business Centres scheme in India from its inception to the present day by looking at state-by-state, training institute-by-training institute and project-by-project results. Methods: The study is based on the contemporary analysis of secondary data gathered from books, magazines, newspapers, reports, Publications, Research Articles and official websites from 1st April 2002 to 31st December 2021. Furthermore, the researcher acquired knowledge from both published and unpublished thesis in order to make the study interesting and beneficial. Result: It is found from the analysis that Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh are the leading states in implementing the scheme successfully as compared to the Hilly States. A little attention is focused on hilly states in terms of training and establishing agriventures. Hence, the government should pay special attention to the hilly states and take suitable policy measures to meet the requirements of the farmers residing in Hilly areas and also on fulfilling the goals of the scheme.

Wild and Indigenous Foods (WIF) and Urban Food Security in Northern Namibia

Rapid urbanisation and food system transformation in Africa have been accompanied by growing food insecurity, reduced dietary diversity, and an epidemic of non-communicable disease. While the contribution of wild and indigenous foods (WIF) to the quality of rural household diets has been the subject of longstanding attention, research on their consumption and role among urban households is more recent. This paper provides a case study of the consumption of WIF in the urban corridor of northern Namibia with close ties to the surrounding rural agricultural areas. The research methodology involved a representative household food security survey of 851 urban households using tablets and ODK Collect. The key methods for data analysis included descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression. The main findings of the analysis included the fact that WIFs are consumed by most households, but with markedly different frequencies. Frequent consumers of WIF are most likely to be female-centred households, in the lowest income quintiles, and with the highest lived poverty. Frequent consumption is not related to food security, but is higher in households with low dietary diversity. Infrequent or occasional consumers tend to be higher-income households with low lived poverty and higher levels of food security. We conclude that frequent consumers use WIF to diversify their diets and that occasional consumers eat WIF more for reasons of cultural preference and taste than necessity. Recommendations for future research include the nature of the supply chains that bring WIF to urban consumers, intra-household consumption of WIF, and in-depth interviews about the reasons for household consumption of WIF and preferences for certain types of wild food.

Cooperation and innovation under production risk: evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment

PurposeThis study analyzes the role of cooperative behavior in facing the risk of encouraging innovative agricultural production projects by small-scale farmers in the context of farmers in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachA within-subjects field experiment was conducted with small-scale Colombian panela cane farmers. The authors used the collected data to run the regression analyses.FindingsThe results suggest that when small farmers can follow cooperative behavior by joining a group and pooling resources to face risk, they are more willing to invest in a novel and profitable alternative, albeit riskier. However, the possibility of cooperating with a group to invest in a novel production project depends on its expected risk level.Research limitations/implicationsThese results will help develop agricultural policies for sustainable development. Establishing informal networks for small-scale farmers to deal with unpredictable risks may aid in developing innovative systems.Social implicationsAgriculture is highly vulnerable to climatic impacts, which, combined with the inherent risk of innovation, may reduce small farmers' willingness to adopt innovation. Cooperation appears to be a mechanism for pooling resources and facing risk.Originality/valueResearch has focused on experimentally testing the effect of cooperative behavior when facing risk. The authors contribute to the literature by demonstrating the impact of the ability of small-scale farmers in rural areas to collectively manage risk on investment in innovative projects.

Human health risks and hepatotoxicity associated with exposure to atrazine surveyed in drinking water from Ijebu-North, Southwest, Nigeria.

No recognized study has been conducted in rural agricultural areas in Nigeria to monitor atrazine in drinking water and its potential health implications. Here, a total of 69 hand-dug wells (HDW), 40 boreholes (BH), and 4 streams were collected from the six (6) communities in Ijebu-North Local Government Area, Southwest Nigeria and analyzed for atrazine residue using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Values of atrazine obtained were further used to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risk associated with ingestion and dermal routes in children and adults using the standard US EPA protocols. Sub-chronic hepatotoxicity of the atrazine residue in the water sample was assessed using standard methods. A total of 41 HDW, 22 BH, and the 4 streams tested positive for atrazine. The highest concentration of atrazine recorded in the HDW water from Ijebu-North ranged from 0.01 to 0.08mg/L. Hazard index (HI) values associated with the exposure routes in both adults and children were less than 1 for all the communities. Although atrazine at 0.01, 0.03, and 0.04mg/L concentrations appear to trigger defense mechanisms capable of protecting the structural integrity of the liver, significant (p < 0.05) changes in hepatic markers, oxidative stress parameters, mixed-function oxygenases, ATPase enzymes, and mild structural lesions were seen in the liver of rats exposed to atrazine at 0.08mg/L. Atrazine at 0.01, 0.03, and 0.04mg/L concentrations found in water from Ijebu-North may not pose any threat to liver function, but concern should be raised at 0.08mg/L.

Stressors and Coping Strategies in Rural Farmers: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT Objective Farmers in rural areas face unique lifestyle stressors which may cause physical and behavioral health issues. Because of external stressors, and often an internal drive to succeed, farmers in rural areas have high rates of prescription drug use, excessive alcohol use, depression, and suicide. These methods of coping may increase prevalence of distress and mental illness in farmers leading to poor health outcomes. Social norms within rural farming populations are influenced by culture, family, friends, and community beliefs which make it difficult to conduct research about substance use and mental health. The purpose of this study is to identify stressors in rural farmers and positive and negative coping strategies for stress in the farming population. Methods In-depth interviews (35 minutes-1 hour) were conducted with full-time rural farmers (n = 15) in ten counties throughout Georgia. Using qualitative analysis, inductive coding was used to identify themes and patterns among transcribed interview recordings. Results Stressors reported by farmers included: financial, work-life balance, physical health and disconnect from non-farming populations. Farmers described feeling misperceived by those outside of their community and feeling a distinct lack of control due to external factors. All the farmers identified alcohol use as a primary coping strategy to deal with stressors. Conclusions This study identifies distinct stressors associated with a farming lifestyle and socio-cultural factors that are barriers to care for mental health and substance use in rural farmers. This study can provide information to health practitioners that may lead to a better understanding of the factors influencing farmer’s health outcomes.

KOLABORASI PEMERINTAH DAN SWASTA : SEBUAH UPAYA UNTUK MEMPERKUAT INOVASI PETANI SKALA KECIL DI INDONESIA

Agriculture globally is still dominated by small-scale farmers which means that investment is still needed to change their quality of life for the better. Investment in innovation in agriculture is expected to not only alleviate poverty, but also improve the welfare of farmers and rural communities. To create this, collaboration between agricultural actors is needed, so as to encourage actors to play roles according to their respective functions, strengthening each other so that in aggregate it can increase farmers' productivity. Productivity growth, agricultural efficiency and reducing the impact of agriculture on the environment arise due to various studies conducted on the agricultural sector. Rural poor still rely on agriculture as their main livelihood, therefore investment in agriculture is an important factor in efforts to reduce poverty in rural areas, namely by improving agricultural performance. Collaboration between the government and the private sector is expected to improve soft skills and hard skills from each party, so as to improve services to agricultural stakeholders optimally. The government and agricultural stakeholders always collaborate with each other to encourage agricultural ecosystems that are able to overcome food insecurity and create sustainable agriculture. With the right model of iolaborasi, science-based innovation can encourage the strengthening of the agricultural industry and increase the level of welfare of smallholder farmers in rural areas.

The Russian Colonial Economy in Central Asia

Abstract The article addresses selected problems of the colonial economy in Central Asia which appeared following the Russian conquest of this region. The basis of this economy was the cultivation of a new, American cotton variety across the region and the subsequent development of cotton growing on an industrial scale. As a result of the large-scale introduction of this agricultural-technical culture, significant changes occurred in the structure of the region’s economy. One negative consequence of this transition to a colonial economy was the demise of the manufacture of finished products that had been common prior to Russian conquest of the region. This development reconfigured trade relations of the Bukhara Emirate, Khiva, and Kokand Khanates (Turkestan) with Russia, as following colonization the bulk of cotton exports to Russia was made up of raw materials, primarily cotton and cotton fiber. Cotton also played an important role in the regional geopolitics of Russia, particularly with regard to Afghanistan. Accordingly, it was more important for Russia to expand Afghanistan’s cotton production than to be dependent on cotton supplied from the United States. Railways became important elements of the colonial economy by providing a vital connection between urban centers and rural agricultural areas. This not only accelerated the delivery of raw materials, primarily cotton, to Russian industrial-textile centers, but also significantly reduced the delivery costs of goods. However, the unilateral development of this regional colonial economy ultimately aggravated social conditions among local populations. After the establishment of Soviet control in Central Asia, the agricultural policy of the Tsarist government became the prototype for the Bolsheviks in defining this region’s economic role in the Soviet economic system.

Development and standardization of a qualitative tool to measure the attitude of farmers towards the conservation of Nattukuttai cattle

Indigenous breeds of cattle play a significant role in the livelihood of resource poor farmers in rural areas of India. Nattukuttai cattle are short and stout cattle reared under zero input system in North Eastern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. A qualitative tool consisting of four projective techniques, viz. Sentence completion test, Verbal projection test, Story completion test and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) to measure the attitude of the farmers towards the conservation of Nattukuttai cattle was developed and standardized as per the standard protocol. The study was carried out for a period of one year 2021-22 in the selected districts of North Eastern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. Nearly two third of the respondents had favourable to most favourable attitude towards the conservation of Nattukuttai cattle breed. This study discusses the methodology of developing projective tools and their importance in measuring the attitude of farmers towards conservation of Nattukuttai cattle.

The impact of inflationary condition on the financial growth and sustainability of tobacco farmers in the rural areas

Rural tobacco farmers can face serious financial crises under the condition of constant price changes due to inflation. Inflationary conditions can also destabilize the financial plans of rural tobacco farmers. It was therefore the objective of this paper to assess the impact of inflationary conditions on the financial growth and sustainability of tobacco farmers in rural areas. A survey approach is applied in this research. Data was gathered through a primary source, and SPSS was applied to analyze the data, which was computed and presented in the form of charts and graphs. It was found that inflationary conditions have a significant negative impact on the financial growth and sustainability of tobacco farmers in rural areas. These include an increase in the price of farm inputs, low quantity and quality of tobacco, and a low price of tobacco on the auction floors. Thus, the study recommends that the government should reduce taxes, especially on the importation of agricultural materials, and the government should adopt proper strategies to hedge the risk of inflation, and, of course, farmers should work on the quality of tobacco.

Unlocking credit access for farmers (Case study of dairy farmers in East Java, Indonesia)

Access to credit is crucial for the economic development and sustainability of smallholder farmers in rural areas. In the context of Malang, East Java, Indonesia, this study delves into the factors that influence smallholder farmers' access to credit. Smallholder farmers play a pivotal role in ensuring food security, agricultural, and livestock productivity in Indonesia, making it imperative to understand the determinants of their credit access. This research was conducted between July and August 2023, employing a Probit Model and descriptive statistics to analyze data collected through a survey questionnaire. A multistage random sampling technique was employed, encompassing 70 smallholder dairy farmers in Malang. Findings from the Probit Model unveiled that several factors significantly affect the decision of smallholder farmers to adopt credit access. These factors include education levels among farmers, cattle ownership, access to the internet, participation in livestock training programs, and the employment of family members. The positive influence of these factors emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions to enhance smallholder farmers' credit access. To promote the adoption of credit access among smallholder dairy farmers in Malang, collaborative efforts between stakeholders and government entities are essential. These efforts should focus on improving the availability of livestock-related training programs and enhancing internet accessibility, particularly to bolster the sustainability of the livestock sector, with a specific emphasis on dairy farming. Such measures can help uplift the livelihoods of smallholder farmers, foster agricultural growth, and contribute to overall rural development in the region.

Challenges of Digital Transformation in Agriculture from Romania

Agriculture plays a crucial role in Romania's economy, a fact that accelerates the search for ways to maximize production yield and profit. The aim of the paper is to study the characteristics of the transformation of agriculture in the context of digitization. Research methods include scientific and theoretical approaches to assess the state of agriculture and its potential in the context of digitization, such as system and situation analysis. The current stage of agricultural development is characterized by a significant transformation of management and production processes due to the introduction of digital technologies. The experience has convincingly shown that the traditional forms of development of agricultural production have practically exhausted themselves. In the new conditions of financial and economic activity, the scientific and technological progress becomes decisive. In agriculture, the digital transformation has a significant impact on material and human resources, increases the productivity of crops, improves the quality of agricultural and livestock products. The digitization of agriculture is extremely important, because it is a source of agricultural economic growth and can become a strong incentive for the innovative development of the sector. Investments in the development of digital infrastructure in rural areas can improve the living conditions of the rural population, with local authorities solving more efficiently the problems within their competence. Also, the digitalization of agriculture will promote the development of small farms in rural areas and contribute to the diversification of the rural economy.

СІМЕЙНЕФЕРМЕРСТВОУРЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СКЛАДОВИХ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Тask statement. The purpose of this study is to study the role of family farms in balanced development according to the economic, ecological and social components of the concept of sustainable development. Research results. It was determined that the basis for the creation of family farms in rural areas of Ukraine are households that own plots of land and are engaged in the production and sale of crop and livestock products. The importance of family farms in reducing poverty and improving global food security has been determined. The productivity of agriculture in households and the reasons affecting its relatively low level are analyzed. It is proven that households provide food for their households and produce a variety of products, including fruits, vegetables, meat and dairy products. A SWOT analysis of the functioning of households (potential family farms) in terms of three main components of sustainable development: economic, ecological and social was carried out. Conclusion. It has been proven that family farms are one of the main factors of sustainable development of rural areas. In terms of environmental sustainability, family farms are sustainable if they are diversified and well managed. From a social point of view, family farming is the best way to preserve the countryside, the traditional way of life of the peasants, the formation of a middle class in the countryside and economically strong rural communities. Family farms contribute to the economic sustainability of the agricultural sector, regulate the fulfillment of priority goals of sustainable development and partially ensure the country's food security.

Depopulation of the country and rural areas of Bulgaria and development of digital and precision agriculture in them

During the last decades and years of transition, Bulgaria has seen extremely unfavorable and negative trends in its natural growth. It is entirely negative and reinforced by the rate of net migration and the widespread aging of the country's population leads to very unfavorable results for the population in the rural areas of the country. At the same time, the prerequisites for implementing precision and digital agriculture are being successfully developed in the world, Europe and Bulgaria.The purpose of the present study is to analyze the situation in the country from a demographic point of view, to determine whether the declining population in rural areas is not a prerequisite for the faster emergence of the process of digitization and precision agriculture in rural areas of Bulgaria.For the purposes of our research, scientific, statistical methods, as well as methods of induction, deduction, comparative analysis, GAP analysis were used, and its results can be successfully used and applied by all interested parties.

Assessing forest restoration effectiveness in the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion using epigaeic ant assemblages

Abstract Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant initiated a large reforestation programme after the expropriation of the areas destined for the formation of the reservoir. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of forest restoration of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion, Brazil, using epigaeic ant assemblages as bioindicators, by comparing ant species richness and composition in the Reservoir Protection Strip with adjacent areas, such as the primary forest of the Iguaçu National Park and the Permanent Preservation Area located on a rural property and agricultural areas. In total, 171 ant species were identified. Ant species richness was higher in forest than in agricultural areas and did not differ among forest areas. However, ant species composition in forest areas, regardless of the restoration technique used, was not similar to the primary forest, possibly due to variation in forest recovery time. This study highlights the great value of the Iguaçu National Park as a conservation unit. Also, it reveals that the efforts for the creation and maintenance of the Reservoir Protection Strip, which remains without anthropic interventions for years, might indeed lead to a complete recovery of the ant species composition over time, reinforcing their great importance for biodiversity conservation.