Farmers In Rural Areas Research Articles

ANALISIS MANFAAT E- AGRICULTURAL MENGUNAKAN METODE SEMPLS (STUDY KASUS LIMAKILO.ID)

In the era of development of the world of digital information can be one of the answers to the challenges of the era in the current era. Answered, it answered the discussion in Indonesia, which was occasionally still haunted by the distribution chain that was too long and resulted in price spikes. One way is by implementing an online-based sales system and one of them is a partner with a profit sharing system between farmers and buyers. In its management, starting from capital lending, agricultural management, post-harvest processing to sales, packaging, to shipping. Each product supports the Limakilo.id website and the main objective is the empowerment of the Limakilo.id website for farmers in rural areas. In this study, researchers used the da Mclean delone model by using the sem method and qualitative pls tools. The purpose of this research is to study e-commerce. Most of the fields of agriculture can help improve the economics of farmers and villages in obtaining information on data but done through interviews, observations and direction of farmers and farmers of agricultural businesses in empowering the economy of rural communities in agriculture. The study analyzed activities regarding agricultural output in several villages in Sukamakmur District, Bogor Regency, West Java, using the system development model with the Delone and Mclean model and management data using SmartPls. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the limakilo e-commerce research. Id by Farmers also supports the agricultural economy in the villages is still very low in its utilization. Many are of the opinion and difficulties in carrying out these sales activities.

Commercialization of Work Relation Between Land Owner and Landless Peasant in Central Java

This research aims to explore the shifting of work relations between land owners and landless peasants in Central Java. Besides, it also proposed to find the trend of the impact of shifting work relations between them. The research is designed using the semi-grounded method and phenology based on qualitative approach. This research is intentionally conducted in Purbalingga and Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province. Based on the research results, farmers in rural areas that are relatively far from the city have working relationships that tend to be exploited and are asymmetrical. On the other hand, the relationship of farmers in rural areas near cities tends to be more rational and commercial and symmetrical. The suggestion that can be given is the working relationship between the land owner and the cultivator who is beneficial to both parties needs to be maintained, but for the exploitative nature of work relationship there needs to be continuously empowered so that it does not bring damage to each of the party

Changing pattern of rural income diversification and its impacts on household economy: A study on a selected village in Jashore District, Bangladesh

Bangladesh is an agrarian country and majority of its population depends on either agriculture or its associated activities. Being a developing country, Bangladesh is characterized by densely populated, widespread unemployment, high incidence of landlessness and labor surplus economy. Under such a land scarce condition, farmers in rural areas have been gradually inclining towards different alternative income generating activities. The study was conducted to assess the nature and extent of occupational diversification, its changes and impacts on household income over time. Data was collected from a selected village, Lebutala in Jashore district of Bangladesh in two different years. In 2000, a total of 107 households were randomly selected which have split and increased to 124 in 2017. Once again, the entire 124 households were interviewed in 2017. Result of the study shows that farmers in the studied area have significant diversity on their income sources. Almost all (94%) of them have dual and 24% of them have multiple occupations. Contributing 40% of the household income, agriculture is still predominant occupation in the rural area. Besides, rural business, dairy farming and self-employed occupations have become more attractive alternatives than the previous time. Result also unveils that the average rural household income (BDT 16,983 per month) has significantly increased over the time. In 2017, more than 61% of the sampled rural household earned above the national rural income level of BDT 13,353 per month. Increases in diversification of income sources were responsible for this enhancement of rural household income. Further diversification is suggested through proper development of small business, dairy farming and selfemployment generating activities in rural areas.

Quality of farmer’s life in rural areas in Vietnam

Improving quality of life (QOL) is an important objective. This study measured the QOL of farmers in rural areas in Vietnam using the WHOQOL-BREF. 600 farmers from 5 provinces in Vietnam participated in the study. Farmers reported low QOL, with psychological dimension had the highest QOL score and environmental dimension had lowest QOL. Male, young, well-educated, married, healthy farmers and farmers who had average living standard, living in small families, living with having less than 3 working members, and have savings were more likely to have higher QOL. However, only 3 factors predicted QOL: education, living standard and number of working members. Implications on Vietnamese family culture and the role of agriculture in modern society were discussed.

The Comparative Study of Youth-Related Agriculture Initiatives: Optimizing the Role of Indonesian Youth in Improving Food Security

In the near future, the food insecurity risk is escalating if the surging population is not followed by increasing youth farmers while arable land is on a declining trend. Only 4 per cent (less than 3.5 million) youth aged 15-35 work as a farmer in Indonesia since the current general perspective of working in agriculture sector seems unpromising for most youth. This worsens the state of food insecurity unless there is a breakthrough to ignite youth interest. While the proportion of youth population both in rural and urban Indonesia are relatively similar (23 per cent and 25 per cent respectively in 2018), different approaches might be needed. Fortunately, many initiatives have been commenced to appeal to more youth. These approaches allow youth to acquire agriculture skills, from enabling land access to exposing the sector to the digital world. Using the available information acquired from secondary data and interviews, this study aims to identify, compare, and define the most viable approach amongst the existing initiatives, including land access, crop insurance, and incentive for youth farmers in rural area; and mainstreaming digital platform such as peer-to-peer lending, local product promotion, and vertical farming to engage urban youth. Eventually, the recommendation from this study will optimize youth role in improving the state of food security

Evaluating Contribution of Trees Outside Forests for Income of Rural Livelihoods of Terai Region of Nepal

Trees Outside Forests (TOF) is a reliable source of income for farmers in rural area but study regarding this has not been explored in depth yet. Therefore, this study was objectively conducted to assess the contribution of income from TOF products in annual income of rural household. Dhangadimai Municipality of Siraha district, Nepal was selected as study site. Altogether, 300 household surveys and 20 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted to find the income sources and their contribution including TOF. The descriptive analysis and unitary method were applied to analyze the collected data. The off-farm income was US$ 1802.57 in total per household. Among it, the highest income was from remittance around US$ 762.34 (42.29%) and the lowest from government job around US$ 166.68 (9.25%). The farm based total annual income per household was US$ 685.94 on which, the highest income was US$ 220.28 (32.11%) from grains and the lowest income was US$ 0.04 from ploughing other farmers’ field. The total value of livestock of average household was US$ 805.99 and out of this, the highest value was of buffalo i.e. US$ 333.01. At the same time, annual income from TOF product was about US$ 853.31 in total per household. Out of this, the highest income was approximately US$ 521.90 (61.16%) from fruits followed by US$ 214.77 (25.17%) from selling of timber. The highest net income per household was US$ 448.66 respectively from selling timber by rich family while US$ 233.78 for medium family. In addition, the net income from selling fruit by rich, medium and poor family was US$ 427.82, 550.71, and 382.43 respectively. Specifically, the total contribution of income only from TOF product was US$ 853.3027 (20.57%). This research will be useful document to develop the economic policy related to TOFs in different agroforestry systems

Sustainable Utilization of Indigenous Goats in Southern Africa

Goats have a key role in ensuring food security and economic livelihood to smallholder farmers in rural areas. Women play a vital role in goat rearing, promoting economic autonomy within households. Indigenous goats dominate and are of high significance due to their adaptive traits that are relevant for climate change and low maintenance. However, lack of emphasis on farmer-centered technology development and proper breed characterization remains a hitch to sustainable utilization and breed development of indigenous goats. This can be over come through proper linkage between market and production, workable regional and national agricultural policies, community breeding programs, collaborative research work within the region, and consistent government support.

The existence of joglo houses owned by Javanese farmers: A case of Pondokrejo village, Rembang

The joglo building has symbolic meanings and a high cost to build, so it is only applied to several public buildings (pendopo, office, museum, etc.) owned by the rich people, that its existence as a house is difficult to survive. The number of joglo houses in various places does not increase (even decrease), but it does not occur in the Kampung Joglo, Pondokrejo, Rembang. There is an anomaly where the number of joglo houses can survive and even increase from year to year. With this potential, this study examined the existing joglo houses owned by Javanese farmers. The research methodology was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner through the measurement of field data, which was then analysed and described. The results showed that the shapes of roofs were Joglo, Wedhok/Bekuk Lulang (Kampung), Paris (Limasan) and Sinom. In this case, Joglo houses owned by farm families were about 199 homes or 47%. The joglo roof is the essential shape that has always been preserved by the residents. They aspire to build the joglo if they are financially capable. The results of this study also revealed that the joglo house did not only belong to the royal families or officers who lived in urban areas (negarigung) and coastal trader regions (pesisir) but actually, there were many farmers in rural areas (mancanegari) who owned joglo houses too. This study acknowledged the importance of the joglo houses in Pondokrejo that could be preserved eventually.

Prevalence of lifestyle-related chronic diseases among agricultural and non-agricultural workers in ruralareas of Japan: the Shimane CoHRE study.

Objective: Engaging in agriculture greatly affects workers’ lifestyles, particularly related to physical activity. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of lifestyle-related chronic diseases among workers engaging and not engaging in agriculture in rural areas of Japan.Methods: A total of 4,666 consecutive participants aged ≥40 years (1,929 men and 2,737 women) were recruited during health examinations conducted from 2006 to 2014. For analysis, the participants were divided by sex and age into those engaging in agriculture and those not engaging in agriculture.Results: Engaging in agriculture may be contributing with a low prevalence of dyslipidemia, a constitutive factor of metabolic syndrome, in both sexes between the ages of 40 and 64 years. In the elderly aged ≥65 years, engaging in agriculture may influence the low prevalence of hypertension in men. Hypertension, a strong risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular disease, is very frequent among the Japanese elderly and, therefore, engaging in agriculture may have a significant impact on its prevention and control.Conclusion: In rural areas of Japan, engaging in agriculture may contribute to the control of lipid metabolism in middle-aged individuals and blood pressure in the elderly.

Profitable Management Styles of Small-Scale Pig Farming in Rural Areas of Cambodia

Profitable Management Styles of Small-Scale Pig Farming in Rural Areas of Cambodia

Features of support of agriculture (the case of the Tyumen Region)

This article systematizes the legal framework, forms, and volumes of support for agriculture from the federal budget of Russia and the regional budget (on the example of the Tyumen Region). The authors have performed a detailed analysis of the directions of such support for 2016-2019. The historical, economic and social features of the relationship between the state and agriculture are shown. State support for agriculture is objectively necessary, and competent budget planning makes it possible to develop. However, the dominance of direct forms of spending support does not stimulate cost-effective and innovative activities, which in the future can bring the industry to a competitive level. There is very little and irregular support for social forms, the development of farming and other forms of private farming in rural areas. The authors conclude that the policy of state support is sufficiently provided by legislative acts, resolutions and state programs. Many programs are updated, and new versions are adopted even before the previous ones expire. Such strong volatility hurts strategic projects and agricultural initiatives. Less expensive forms of activity-mediation and trade turn profitable. Living conditions in the villages significantly stay behind in quality and opportunities, which leads to the human capital leaving rural areas. The authors propose to pay more attention to the development of indirect forms of support, to stimulate economic activity and small businesses.

Diversity of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy: regularities of formation and development

The article deals with the main stages of formation and formation of a multi-layered rural economy in Russia. Presents the evolution of the development of multi-structured forms of farming in rural areas, depending on the degree of influence of the state on the economy of the agricultural sector of the country. It is proved that the key tools of state regulation of this issue are agrarian reforms, privatization, creation of an entrepreneurial environment, formation of an appropriate investment policy, and development of private land ownership institutions. The significant impulse for the development of modern forms of farming in the village was the choice of state priorities in the framework of the National project "Development of agriculture" were transformed into the state Program of development of agriculture, which allowed to strengthen its position as a major Agroholding structures and small-format sector. It is proved that sanctions and tendencies of the new economic reality amid the pandemic of the syndrome has led to the need to promote small agribusiness in rural areas, which will contribute to rural employment, development of rural infrastructure, growth of real monetary incomes of the population and middle class formation in rural areas.

Factors affecting subsistence farming in rural areas of nyandeni local municipality in the Eastern Cape Province

ABSTRACT Agriculture is the foremost locomotive of the economic growth for Sub-Saharan African countries, especially South Africa. Subsistence agriculture is one of the imperative segments in the South African economy and it remains a substantial sector for livelihood generation. Agricultural activities have an ability to provide nutrition, economic, social status and reduce rural poverty. However, subsistence farming has experience significant declined over the past 10 years due to climate change, scarcity of resources, lack of farming equipment and lack of extension services. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine factors affecting subsistence farming in rural homesteads of Nyandeni Local Municipality. Purposively, the data was collected from 120 households. To examine the factors affecting subsistence production, multiple regression was run. Study results reveal that the majority of the farming households are male-headed with an average age of 60 years with a household size of 6 people in the households. The study reveals that age, gender, and employment have an adverse influence subsistence farming production while education, extension services, household size, farming experience, and income have a positive relationship with subsistence farming. Thus, the study recommends government empowerment and training services that will increase the number of women and youth participating in farming. Further to that, government must promote sustainable food production by ensuring collaboration of all stakeholders in government, private sector and NGOs or CBOs. Key words: Agricultural productivity, Subsistence farming, Poverty.

Cultural and tourism attraction in workaway projects as a sustainable agriculture development attempt in rural area: A case study of a Workaway Project in Yufuin

Industrialization and the attraction of the city have generated urbanization from the villages to the big cities. The downgrading scheme can be seen through the agricultural sector which suffers several serious problems toward the increase of a mass urbanization, ageing society, and the decline of the young farmers’ population. The data of this research is analyzed with qualitative methods using content analysis of the literature studies. The explanation will be provided by analyzing what aspects which could make Workaway projects sustainable, including the cultural exchange form and the tourism attraction aspect. The projects mainly tend to focus in finding the workers using counterurbanization attraction of the tourism magnetism around the place. There are approximately 60 projects which are related to agriculture projects around Japan. The purpose of this research is to identify and explain how Workaway Project in Yufuin can provide the network between the local community and the international society to contribute in helping the local farmers. This research found that the project is helpful in solving part of the problems in Japanese agriculture in rural areas.

Soft palatal wound associated with dental avulsion: an exceptional consequence of a bovine horn blow in children

Introduction: Palatal wounds in children as a result of a bovine horn blow have rarely been observed in adults and almost never in children. They are serious and can lead to fatal complications. Dental injuries by bovine horn are also rare. Observation: This study presents the unpublished case of an 11-year-old child who developed a soft palate penetrating wound associated with traumatic loss of the lower incisors as a result of a bovine horn blow. The surgical outcomes were positive. Comment: This type of childly bovine trauma is common in rural African agricultural areas. Dental trauma probably served as a mitigator to the soft palate trauma thus avoiding an associated injury of the hard palate and a contusion of the internal carotid artery. Although, there is a consensus among practitioners on leaving palate wounds to heal spontaneously, we chose a debridement and a suture because of the severity of the wound and the potential risk of turning into an oral-nasal fistula. Conclusion: The potential severity of palate and dental damage from bovine horns should lead to dehorning of cattle for better protection of children in rural agriculture.

Provision of water and sanitation during the Covid-19 crisis : comparative case study in predominantly urban and predominantly rural provinces

The South African Local Government is mandated by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa to serve the needs of their communities by providing a democratic and accountable government for local communities, ensure the provision of services such water and electricity to communities in a sustainable manner, promote social and economic development, promote a safe and healthy environment and encourage the involvement of communities and community organisations in the maetrs of local government (RSA 1996; Parliament of the Republic of South Africa 2018). The Government of South Africa created a three-tier governance layer, that is, national, provincial, and the local layer, to enable provision of essential services to citizens. The local layer was created as a decentralisation strategy to bring government closer to citizens and for speedy service delivery (Siddle: cited in Makale 2015). It is categorised into metropolitan, district, and local municipalities with diefrent service delivery mechanisms aimed at enhancing service delivery (RSA 1998). Despite the existence of the Local Government structure, the South African government continues to have deficient delivery of basic services such as water, housing, electricity, education, health, and sanitation especially in black urban townships as well as in rural areas in South Africa. According to the 2013 General Household Survey findings, provinces consisting mainly of urban areas and formal agricultural rural areas, that is Western Cape, Gauteng, Free State, and North West, had beetr access to basic services compared to predominantly rural provinces, that is, Eastern Cape, Limpopo, KwaZuluNatal, and Northern Cape (Statistics SA 2014). The reason for the beetr levels of basic municipal services in the predominantly urban provinces was their close proximity to points of interest such as airports, mines, national roads, educational and health facilities (Makale 2015). The provision of basic services to certain communities in South Africa has met challenges as local government still struggles to ensure that services reach all citizens. Certain areas within South Africa are still underdeveloped with lack of access to basic services and residents live in poverty. The revenue for municipalities in these areas is negatively impacted as they strive to do more with less ifnancial resources to ensure that basic services reach every citizen (Makale 2015). As a result, South African municipalities make headlines due to the unending reports of service delivery protests for not delivering on their mandate.

Data Analytics System for Irrigation Alert, Fertilizer and Pesticide Recommendation towards Sustainable Agriculture

Ministry of statistics and program implementation says that, the agriculture sector’s contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) decreased gradually from 54% in 1950- 51 to 15.4% in 2015-16. Farmers are suffering because of nonavailability of information and no proper guidance (advisory services). Farmers in rural areas are detached from technology and essential agricultural support services needed to carry out in farming activities and their productivity per acre is low due to lack of adopting recent mechanisms and technology usage. This paper presents a Data Analytics System for Irrigation Alert, Fertilizer and Pesticide Recommendation. The system is developed using modern digital technologies by bringing the necessary supporting elements in one place and to deliver necessary insights to farmers throughout crop cultivation to improve the farming actives. The proposed system includes 2 modules a) External Intelligence Module b) Data Analytics Module. In first module, data is gathered from farmer’s dataset, irrigation partners, pesticide vendors, fertilizer dataset. The second module will work on the grounds of output being “yes” of EIS, will generate alert regarding Irrigation, pesticides and Fertilizer Recommendation. The proposed system offers personalized advisory services using communication devices to maximize the crop yield and to minimize the cost of production.

Farmers ‘Access to Institutional Support for Climate Change Adaptation in Rural Tanzania

Smallholder farmers in rural areas need access to institutional support for their effective responses to climate change and related challenges. Rural Local Institutions (RLIs) are very close to farmers and thus have the potential to deliver institutional support and enhance smallholder farmers’ adaptability to climate change and variability. This article responds to two important questions; one, what institutional support that smallholder farmers perceive as relevant in addressing their adaptation challenges? and, how farmers access to that institutional support? To answer these questions, I conducted a study framed within mixed methods design targeting smallholder farmers in 5 villages of Rufiji district in Southern Tanzania. Data collection protocol started with qualitative approaches; Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and FGDs, to explore the nexus between local understanding of climate change adaptation and institutional roles in adaptation. This informed and was complemented by quantitative survey of 416 farming households obtained through stratified random sampling. Quantitative data analysis was done with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciencies (SPSS v.16) software. Qualitative analysis followed content analysis framework using Nvivo 12 software. The study found that smallholder farmers perceive a mismatch between their perceived adaptation needs and available institutional support. Farmers identified access to markets, access to climate information; access to agricultural inputs, skills and technologies, land tenure security and access to credits as critical institutional factors necessary for their effective adaptation to climate change and variability challenges. Also that their access to the available institutions for adaptation support is poor due social, environmental, political and economic barriers.The paper argues that RLIs require capacity building to enable them comprehend, design, prioritize, and coordinate farmers’ adaptation actions in relation to other development actions.

KINERJA SOSIAL LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO AGRIBISNIS (LKM-A) DI KECAMATAN DAWE, KABUPATEN KUDUS

Agriculture Ministry through the Rural Agribusiness Development (PUAP) program was expected to reduce poverty and unemployment in rural areas by developing Microfinances Agribusiness Institution (LKM-A). LKM-A has a purpose to help farmers in rural areas to obtain capital resource for their agribusiness. However, the implementasion of LKM-A still not developed optimally. The research on the social performance of LKM-A were aims to analyze social performance, to analyze revenue generating of LKM-A and to analyze the relationship between social performance and revenue generating of LKM-A in Dawe District, Kudus Regency. This research was conducted in February 12th – April 5th, 2018 in Dawe District, Kudus Regency. Survey method was used in this research. 18 LKM-A was choosen as population in this research. The data was analyzed by Spearman correlation. Social performance was analyzed using MIX Market Social Performance Standards with 16 indicators. The result shows that only 3 indicators were in medium category (0 – 50%), namely capital resources, the ratio of female debtors and the ratio low income debtors. The revenue generating was not in developed category. Based on statistical analysis, there was not significant influence between social performance and revenue generating

What Do We Talk about When We Talk about Community? Commentary on “It Takes a Village to Sustain a Village” by Christina Hertel, Sophie Bacq, and Frank-Martin Belz

In light of Hertel et al.’s contribution, our commentary offers a constructive critique and reflects on three opportunities to continue expanding the frontiers in our limited understanding of commu...