Perpetrators Of Family Violence Research Articles

Empirical Analysis of Legal Regulations on Family Violence During Wartime in Ukraine: A Comprehensive Examination

This article focuses on examining family violence within the context of wartime conditions in Ukraine and proposes a criminological model for preventing such criminal offenses. The study reveals a significant surge in registered criminal offenses featuring domestic violence amidst the full-scale unprovoked invasion of Russia into Ukraine. Over a ten-month period in 2023, cases have risen by nearly 50% compared to the same period in 2022, with an average monthly increase of 27 recorded criminal offenses in 2023 compared to 2021. The heightened levels of stress, displacement of families, and the return of traumatized combatants contribute to an increase in domestic violence during and after war. This exacerbates incidents of physical, psychological, and sexual violence within households. The article addresses a critical scientific issue by advancing knowledge on family violence through a praxeological approach, aiming to identify solutions for fundamental and applied issues related to family protection in Ukraine. The study establishes that the Russian-Ukrainian war has elevated the frequency and severity of criminal offenses and instances of violence within the family sphere, necessitating a paradigm shift in the state's criminal-legal response to domestic violence perpetuated by offenders. The article systematically organizes achievements in countering and preventing family violence, synthesizes law enforcement and public practices in Ukraine and globally, and justifies directions for differentiating and individualizing punishment for perpetrators of family violence.

Social Concern Theory and Family Violence Among Latino Families.

This paper examines whether Agnew's Social Concern Theory can be applied to explain family violence perpetration among Latino families. Social concern theory maintains that people have biological inclinations to care for the welfare of others, desire close ties with certain individuals, follow certain moral intuitions, and conform to the behaviors of others. As such, this study tests whether an individual's social capital (care about the welfare of others), familismo (desire for close ties), code of the streets (moral intuitions), and obligation to obey the police (conformity to social norms) is associated with family violence among a Latino sample. Using data from the El Paso Neighborhood Survey Project, which surveyed a random sample of 1,059 adults living in El Paso County, Texas in 2014, findings indicate that three of out of four theoretical constructs in the final model were found to be significant. Higher levels of social capital and familismo were associated with lower odds of perpetrating family violence, while code of the streets increased family violence. Obligation to obey the police was non-significant. Agnew's theory modestly explained family violence among Latino families.

Opportunity-Reduction Supervision Strategies With Domestic and Family Violence Probationers and Parolees.

Many forms of supervision strategies traditionally utilized by probation and parole officers emphasize service brokerage, case management, and compliance. Conversely, there is a growing evidence-base that demonstrates how community corrections practices can be (and have been) improved through supervision frameworks of behavior change oriented around criminogenic needs. Toward this end, recent advances in penology have applied the tenets of environmental criminology theories to community corrections practices, seeking to identify and modify each individual’s opportunity-based risks for reoffending. In this article, using data from an Australian experimental trial, we explore the utility of an “Environmental Corrections” approach to the supervision of domestic and family violence perpetrators serving probation and parole orders, an offending cohort with growing political and public pressures. Quantitative analyzes indicate that this opportunity-reduction supervision framework was effective in reducing recidivism among all offenders. Amongst probationers and parolees on community corrections orders for domestic and family violence offenses only, rates of reoffending were 15.41% lower for offenders at the treatment site compared to the control site, although this difference was not statistically significant. A thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with these clients highlights that through the Environmental Corrections trial, they learned strategies for identifying, avoiding, and resisting opportunities to reoffend. Combined, this evidence suggests that opportunity-reduction supervision tactics may hold promise for limiting recidivism amongst domestic and family violence perpetrators, although further research is required.

Reflections and Insights on an Innovative Australian Perpetrator Intervention Program for Males and Females who Perpetrate Family Violence

This article presents qualitative reflections and insights from an evaluative research project on an innovative Australian program for male and female perpetrators of family violence. The study was guided by the Effects, Mechanisms, Moderators, Implementation, and Economic value (EMMIE) framework, with thematic analysis undertaken on the interviews of male and female perpetrators (N = 7), program facilitators (N = 6), and family members (N = 3). Potential gendered differences identified in the lived experience of male and female perpetrators were, first, the level of emotional expression and communication and, second, the level of self-reflection and insight. Despite these potential differences, both male and female perpetrators experienced the implementation of change to attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors relating to family violence as challenging.

Pathways to Family Violence: Investigating Patterns in the Event Process of Family Violence Perpetrators.

This study is part of a larger research project that developed the event process model of family violence (FVEPM). The FVEPM was developed by applying grounded theory methods to the event narratives of 14 men and 13 women completing community-based family violence (FV) perpetrator treatment programs. The current study extends this work with the original sample, by examining the routes individual events take through the FVEPM. Three main pathways-comprising 93% of event narratives-were identified: a conflict escalation pathway (n = 14), an automated violence pathway (n = 6), and a compliance pathway (n = 6). Our findings extend existing FV typologies and theories by identifying patterns of features pertaining to the individual, the relationship, and the situation that converge to result in FV perpetration during a FVE. Further validation and development of the pathways may provide FV practitioners with an organizing framework from which to identify more nuanced assessment, treatment planning, and risk management processes for the diverse range of FV perpetrators they are tasked with treating.

Testing the Generalizability of the Event Process Model of Family Violence With an Incarcerated Sample.

The event process model of family violence (FVEPM) presents a descriptive theory of a family violence (FV) event from the perpetrator's perspective. Developed in a community setting, the FVEPM is comprised of four interrelated sections and describes three pathways to FV perpetration (Pathway 1: Conflict escalation, Pathway 2: Automated violence, and Pathway 3: Compliance). This study further developed the FVEPM by testing the generalizability of the model and its pathways with an incarcerated sample of eight men with extensive histories of violent and other offending. Event narratives were gathered during individual semi-structured interviews, and were systematically analyzed using grounded theory methods. Overall, findings suggest that the FVEPM and its pathways can accommodate an incarcerated sample. However, several inconsistencies were found: Event narratives were better represented by splitting Pathway 1 into two sub-types, and no event narratives were assigned to Pathway 3. Implications for FV theories and treatment are discussed.

Prospective, dyadic links between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and family violence in the early years of parenthood.

Cross-sectional research has suggested that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity may be an important predictor of family violence perpetration; however, causal inference is limited by the absence of studies designed to prospectively predict family violence by PTSD symptoms. In the current study, PTSD symptoms were assessed among 250 trauma-exposed heterosexual couples 10 months after having their 1st child. The number of acts of psychological and physical intimate partner aggression (IPA) and parent-to-child aggression (PCA) that occurred during the past year was assessed at 10 and 24 months postpartum to account for stability in family violence perpetration when prospectively predicting perpetration. Longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models revealed that women's and men's PTSD symptoms positively predicted increases in the frequency of their own perpetration of psychological and physical IPA as well as psychological PCA. Additionally, partners' PTSD symptoms prospectively predicted psychological and physical IPA perpetration but not psychological or physical PCA perpetration, suggesting that partners' PTSD symptoms may directly impact dyadic processes during incidents of IPA but may not generally affect the family environment in a way that potentiates all forms of aggression. No significant gender differences were revealed. Overall, results of the current study largely support existing research and theory while clarifying inconsistencies that have emerged when examining cross-sectional associations. Further, the current results highlight the potential utility of PTSD treatment as an avenue for aggression prevention and intervention efforts during the early parenting years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Family violence, protection orders and systems abuse: views of legal practitioners

ABSTRACTFamily violence is a prominent public health issue in Australia, and in accordance with its gendered nature, women and children face significant risk. Knowledge of family violence is both multidisciplinary and continuously growing, yet explorations of the experiences of female ‘perpetrators’ remain limited. This article discusses research on the misidentification of female victim-survivors as predominant aggressors within the context of Victoria's family violence intervention order (FVIO) system, which was conducted through interviews with eight Melbourne-based legal practitioners. To date, understanding women's experiences of misidentification in the FVIO system has been left under-researched. Whilst there are multiple explanations for the misidentification of predominant aggressors within other jurisdictions, this paper is particularly concerned with the intersection between manipulative techniques employed by abusers and the FVIO system. The findings of this research suggest that male perpetrators may use the FVIO system to commit ‘systems abuse’ by encouraging police officers to apply for a FVIO against the genuine victim-survivor. It is argued that there is a strong need for a greater recognition of systems abuse within the police and the judiciary in order to prevent the FVIO system from serving as a tool of abuse readily available to perpetrators of family violence.

Youth Reentry from Prison and Family Violence Perpetration: the Salience of Family Dynamics.

The central role of family within the process of juvenile reentry from a term of incarceration has been well documented by researchers and practitioners alike. However, family violence among previously incarcerated youth remains alarmingly high across the United States. Drawing from differential coercion and social support theory, we examine how family dynamics may simultaneously promote and/or inhibit family violence perpetration among youth undergoing the process of reentry. Four waves of panel data from the male-only youth subsample of the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative are analyzed using a series of dynamic panel data models. Findings demonstrate that both pre- and post-release levels of family conflict are significantly associated with increased family violence during reintegration. Mechanisms of family support, however, are not associated with post-release family violence. Results from this study highlight the salience of family conflict in understanding family violence perpetration among recently released juveniles and their families.

Perpetrators' Perspectives on Family Violence: An Event Process Model.

Offense process models are descriptive theories that provide a temporal outline of an offense-including its cognitive, behavioral, contextual, and motivational components-from a perpetrator's perspective. Offense process models have been developed for a wide range of criminal offending (e.g., alcohol-impaired driving, child sexual offending, rape, aggravated robbery, homicide), but remain underdeveloped for family violence. The purpose of this study was to develop an offense process model of family violence. We conducted individual semistructured interviews with 27 participants-14 men and 13 women-completing community-based family violence perpetrator treatment programs, and systematically analyzed participants' narratives of family violence events using grounded theory methods. The resulting event process model of family violence (FVEPM) contains four sections, arranged temporally from the most distal to the most proximal factors in relation to the family violence event: (1) background factors, (2) event build-up, (3) event, and (4) post-event. Each section outlines the cognitive, behavioral, contextual, and motivational factors that contribute to family violence perpetration. The FVEPM is the first attempt to consider whether a single offense process model can account for a broader range of family violence than that used solely by men toward their female intimate partners. Furthermore, the FVEPM highlights the dynamic nature of family violence events (FVEs), and the salient role of situational and interpersonal factors in contributing to family violence perpetration. We argue that the FVEPM has the potential to accommodate a range of types of family violence perpetration, and makes a useful contribution to theory and research on event-based models from a perpetrator perspective.

Technology and Family Violence in the Context of Post‐Separated Parenting

Whilst the advent of new and increasingly accessible communication technologies undoubtedly provides new, positive, and effective ways for individuals to communicate and connect with their communities, it simultaneously provides additional means and forums for perpetrators to abuse and harass their victims. Furthermore, such technologies enable perpetrators of family violence to overcome geographical boundaries and continue their abuse post‐separation, particularly where there are children of the relationship. This paper reviews and classifies the existing literature on technology‐facilitated abuse, identifying predominant themes in relation to context and focus, as well as the gaps. New forms of criminality as well as new ways to perpetrate existing forms of criminality are described.

Female-perpetrated family violence—Effectiveness of a psychodynamic group intervention

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Finnish psychodynamic group intervention developed for female family-violence perpetrators. The participants voluntarily sought help after using family violence against a partner, child, or both and did not have acute mental health or substance abuse problems. The data sample consisted 134 women before the intervention, 128 women after the 15-week intervention, and 110 at the 6-month follow-up. We found that there were changes in women’s self-knowledge and reduce in family-violence behavior, both of these outcomes persisted after 6 months. Our results may be used to develop low-threshold, preventive interventions for female family-violence perpetrators.

Family violence in a sample of treatment-seeking gamblers: the effect of having dependent children

This study investigated the effect of problem gambler gender on the relationship between the gambler having dependent children (younger than 18 years) living at home and the gambler perpetrating or being a victim of family violence. The sample comprised 164 help-seeking gamblers (43% female; 37% with dependent child/ren) recruited from three national gambling treatment services in New Zealand. Family violence was measured using a modified version of the HITS scale covering physical, psychological, verbal, emotional and sexual violence. Forty-nine percent of participants reported being a victim of violence and 43% had perpetrated violence. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was conducted, adjusting in sequence for significant socio-demographic, psychosocial and gambling factors. The relationship between having dependent children and being a victim of family violence was gender-related. Female gamblers living with dependent children reported more family violence perpetration and victimisation than male gamblers living with dependent children. Female gamblers with dependent children living at home had greater odds of being a victim of family violence than male gamblers without dependent children living at home. This relationship remained when adjusted for contextual factors of being a victim (ethnicity, income support status, and feelings of inadequacy) in this sample. A similar gender effect of having dependent children living at home on violence perpetration disappeared when known psychosocial contextual factors of violence perpetration (aggression, difficulties in emotion regulation, drug issue in the family, and interpersonal support) were taken into account. These findings suggest the value of coordinated approaches between gambling treatment services and programmes supporting vulnerable families in order to identify vulnerable families and put support mechanisms in place.

What would your neighbor do? An experimental approach to the study of informal social control of intimate partner violence in South Korea

AbstractAlthough research on bystander intervention and informal social control of intimate partner violence (IPV) is increasingly common, empirical anomalies remain and experimental studies on population samples are rare. This study reports the effects of a new experimental approach to the study of informal social control of IPV by neighbors on a small population sample of 100 married men in Seoul, South Korea. We hypothesized that men randomly assigned to a high‐perceived informal social control condition would have lower self‐estimated likelihoods of IPV perpetration in response to a vignette. We also hypothesized that the effect of random assignment would be different for that portion of the sample that reported perpetration of family violence (IPV or child abuse). Compared to the nonperpetrating portion of the sample, perpetrators of family violence in the sample randomly assigned to the high perceived control condition experienced a significant drop in self‐estimated likelihood of IPV perpetration.

The Use of Physical Violence Against Intimate Partners by Female College Students in India

Abstract The majority of previous studies on the prevalence and impact of family violence focus on male-to-female perpetration. However, in India, studies have found that a frequent perpetrator of violence against a family member is the mother-in-law toward the daughter-in-law. Little is known about the risk factors associated with being a female perpetrator of violence toward intimate partners and family members. This study looked at female participants in India from the International Dating Violence Study 2001–2006 (ICPSR 29583). Of the 73 ever-partnered women, 41.1% reported using physical violence against an intimate partner. The vast majority (90%) of women who reported using physical violence against a partner were also victims of intimate partner violence and were more likely to have had a history of childhood exposures to violence. This has important implications when considering interventions and resources for female victims and perpetrators of family violence. The findings of this study will be ...

Tonga

Tonga Steven Ratuva (bio) The new government of ‘Akilisi Pōhiva was tested to the limit by a number of political, economic, and policy issues after it came to power as a result of the 2014 election, the second under the amended 2010 constitution. For a reform-oriented government with minimal experience yet loaded with ambition and high expectations from the people, the stark reality of transforming and modernizing a society steeped in conservative traditional values, under the patronage of a monarch and a class of nopili (nobles), was a major challenge. Despite some of the institutional and symbolic reforms of the previous decade, some of the social issues of the previous era remained and frustrated plans for changes. One such issue was that of women’s participation in politics, which is the main focus of this review. Although some progressive changes were made in the 2010 amended constitution, remnants of the traditional patriarchal political culture persisted. For instance, no woman was elected to Parliament in the 2010 and 2014 elections. This may appear ironic because under the cultural practice of vahu, women are traditionally accorded a unique social status within the kinship system, sometimes higher than men. (This is very similar to the Fijian practice of vasu, whereby one’s maternal link is considered special and sometimes more prestigious than one’s paternal inheritance.) However, political power has always been a male enterprise, and before July 2016, when the first woman was elected to Parliament, males made up 100 percent of elected people’s representatives and 100 percent of nobles representatives—a record that placed Tonga at the lowest rung of the parliamentary gender diversity scale in the Pacific. The election of Ms ‘Akosita Lavulavu [End Page 181] after a by-election in July 2016 followed successes by a number of women in the local elections a couple of weeks earlier, a testimony to the intensification of campaigns by local civil society organizations, regional organizations, and international agencies for greater awareness of women’s role in politics. Nevertheless, the path to gender consciousness and empowerment in Tonga has been fraught with challenges as forces of progress and conservatism continue to clash over what is appropriate for Tongan society. The tension between competing cultural and political discourses about gender was starkly manifested when the prime minister proudly told Parliament that his cabinet had agreed to ratify the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (cedaw) on 9 March 2015 (see article by Helen Lee, this issue) and that Minister for Internal Affairs Fe‘ao Vakata, whose portfolio included women’s issues, had informed the United Nations in New York about the ratification. What was meant to be a celebrated event turned sour as a clash between supporters and opponents of cedaw erupted immediately after the announcement. Pōhiva’s initiative was not surprising because he had been engaged in regional and international social activism as leader of the Tongan pro-democracy movement. Through this, he was actively involved in issues related to the nuclear-free Pacific, decolonization, human rights, and gender equality, among others. In many ways, these involvements further broadened his political and ideological understanding of democracy and provided an alternative policy prism from that of previous prime ministers who, except for Dr Feleti Sevele, were largely drawn from the monarchical or the nopili class. The proposed ratification of cedaw was against the backdrop of the periodic review of the state of human rights in Tonga by the UN Human Rights Council’s Universal Periodic Review Working Group, completed in January 2013, which was critical of the status of human rights in Tonga (UN ohchr 2013b). When quizzed about gender inequality during an ohchr meeting in Geneva, Lord Vaea, the minister for internal affairs at the time, responded by pointing out the number of women employees in public and private institutions and prosecution of perpetrators of family violence. However, a number of countries were very critical of Tonga for not ratifying cedaw (Fonua 2013). ohchr members recommended that concerted efforts be made to speed up gender equality and domestic violence laws and that ratification of cedaw should be a priority (UN ohchr 2013a). Because of...

Zjawisko przemocy w rodzinie na podstawie Niebieskiej Karty. Charakterystyka danych Komendy Rejonowej Policji Warszawa VI

The article “Family Violence Based on the Blue Card. A Characteristic of the Data of the Police Headquarters VI in Warsaw” is presenting such issues as: the crime of abuse, effectiveness of the police in the realization of the “Blue Card” procedure, an analysis of data contained in the Blue Card of Police Headquarters VI in Warsaw; a characteristic of domestic violence perpetrator, a profile of domestic violence victim, types of domestic violence, intoxicants used by perpetrators of family violence and their effects, cases of violence towards adults and juveniles and consequences of establishing the Blue Card record.

Using Trauma Informed Treatment Models with Child-to-Parent Violence

In recent years, there has been an increase in the reporting of youth as perpetrators of family violence. However, despite the relatively high prevalence of child-to-parent violence, little is known about this pervasive family problem and the effectiveness of intervention strategies. The purpose of this article is to highlight the effectiveness of the current interventions used to treat child-to-parent violence and recommend the inclusion of trauma-informed assessment and intervention strategies. When working with child-to-parent violence, interventions should be informed by the correlates of such violence rather than the notion that the parent–child dynamic mirrors that of the adult intimate relationship. Effective treatments must address the multiple determinants of child-to-parent violence and offer broad level, complex interventions that consider childhood traumatic experiences and the role they play in child-to-parent violence.

Service Contacts Proximate to Intimate Partner Homicides in Victoria

This study examined the frequency, nature and proximity of service contacts among victims and perpetrators of intimate partner homicide in Victoria, Australia. A retrospective review was conducted of coroner’s records of 120 intimate partner homicides for the period 2000–2008. In 91 (75.8 %) of the cases, one or both parties had contact with a service in the 12 months preceding the homicide. The justice system was the most frequent point of contact among both parties, and the healthcare system was often the first and preferred point of contact for victims and perpetrators when seeking assistance individually. Overall, perpetrators were more likely to have contact with a service than victims, and the majority of all service contacts occurred within 1 month of the homicide. This paper outlines the prevention opportunities that exist within the service system and highlights the importance of interventions and treatments directed at perpetrators of family violence.

The Relationship Between Family-of-Origin Experience and Current Family Violence: A Test of Mediation by Attachment Style and Mental Health Symptom Distress

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the presence of substance abuse, physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, and mental illness in the home or family-of-origin is predictive of variance in current family violence perpetration. Additionally, a secondary purpose of this study was to examine whether mental health symptom distress and attachment style mediated the relationship between the presence of traumatic experiences in one's family-of-origin and current family violence perpetration. The results suggested that difficult family-of-origin experiences may predict variance in current family violence indirectly through mental health symptom distress and anxious attachment.