Family Structure Research Articles

Kaitan Gender dan Struktur Keluarga dengan Pemberian Intervensi Gizi Spesifik pada Anak Usia 6-23 Bulan

This study aimed to explore the relationship between gender and family structure by providing specific nutritional interventions to children aged 6-23 months. The method used was analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach. The research results from chi-square analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the child's gender and family type and the provision of specific nutrition (p value <0.05). The majority of male children received positive specific nutrition, namely 52.2%, and girls received positive specific nutrition, namely 64.9%. The nuclear family type provided specific nutrition positively by 63.1% and the large family type provided specific nutrition negatively by 52.8%. In conclusion, the child's gender and family type have a significant influence on the provision of specific nutrition and nuclear families are more likely to provide better nutrition. Keyword: Child's Gender, Provision of Specific Nutrition, Stunting, Family Type

Kodokushi as the Impact of Juggernaut of Modernity in Japanese Hyper-Aging Era

This article aims to describe the phenomenon of kodokushi (lonely death) among the elderly in Japan’s hyper-aging society as a negative impact of modernity. The research is analyzed through Anthony Giddens’ juggernaut of modernity perspective. The juggernaut is a walking machine (giant panzer) with extraordinary power, which we can steer to a certain extent but is also likely to lose control and tear itself to pieces. The results show that the phenomenon of lonely death (kodokushi) in the elderly reflects the uncontrollable juggernaut of modernity. Changes in family structure, the decline in birth rates, and cultural values that Japanese people hold cause kodokushi to remain high in Japan, especially among the elderly. Elderly people who live alone without traditional family or community ties live in social isolation. In the context of Giddens' Juggernaut of Modernity, the juggernaut has lost control. The phenomenon of kodokushi reflects complex challenges. Many older people experience isolation and loneliness due to a lack of strong social ties. Culturally, the ingrained culture of not wanting to inconvenience others (meiwaku wo kakutakunai) in Japanese society is a barrier to overcoming kodokushi. Addressing this phenomenon requires holistic efforts from the government, social institutions, and society. Although efforts to overcome kodokushi have been made, understanding and dealing with these complexities is crucial in Japan's hyper-aging society.

Factors that influence the uptake of human papillomavirus vaccine among preadolescent girls in South Africa: A Scoping Review.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a sexually transmitted infection which causes cancer, especially cervical cancer. HPV infection and cervical cancer are a public health concern in South Africa. Primary prevention interventions, such as vaccination against cervical cancer, have been rolled out in the country. However, the uptake of the vaccine faces challenges due to various factors. The aim of the review was to identify factors which influence the uptake of the vaccine. A six-step framework developed by Levac, Colquhon and O'Brien was adopted to guide this scoping review. The articles were searched in the following databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, CINAHL and Google scholar. The search, conducted from May to July 2023 was limited to articles published in English between 2008-2023 and those conducted in Africa. The results showed that most studies were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, with majority of the studies being from Nigeria. Subthemes were extracted from the articles and categorised under the four themes of the Social Ecological Model. The four themes used from the Social Ecological Model were individual factors; interpersonal factors; community and societal factors, and organisational factors and public policy. The subthemes were socioeconomic and sociodemographic of parents, knowledge, fear and mistrust, family structure and proximity to cancer/STI, misinformation from social media, religion, culture and tradition, free vaccination programme and lack of engagement. The identified gap in literature was a lack of studies of factors which influence HPV vaccination uptake in South Africa and qualitative studies that explore and provide the factors influencing uptake. We conclude that in designing effective interventions for the uptake of HPV vaccines, it is important to consider influential factors that are tailor-made for specific demographics.

Gender Perceptions in Multi-child Families: The Structure of Family Affecting Gender Stereotypes among Chinese College Students

This paper focuses on gender stereotypes in Chinese multi-child and one-child families to examine whether siblings influence gender stereotypes in College students. In this work, 141 questionnaires (M = 67, F = 74) on gender stereotype representations were collected. The t-test was used to detect gender stereotypes between groups from different families. This study demonstrates that large families influence gender stereotypes among college students, with females from large families showing significantly different feedback on gender stereotypes than males with siblings. Due to son preference, more resources for survival and education in the family will be invested in boys, which implies injustice and oppression of girls. China has already enacted the three-child policy, and the impact of gender inequality ideology on children's gender stereotypes in multi-child families, as reflected in this study, has theoretical value for the future promotion of gender equality education in Chinese families.

The relationship between anxiety and depression in adolescent depression patients: The mediating effect of hope level and coping modes

BackgroundAdolescents diagnosed with depression are particularly susceptible to anxiety and depressive symptoms, this vulnerability often diminishes their future expectations and overall outlook on life. The objective of this research was to scrutinize the associated risk factors of adolescent depression and delineated the interplay between anxiety and depressive symptoms. Concurrently, it sought to ascertain the latent mediating effects of hope levels and coping strategies within this framework. MethodsA mixed-methods research approach was employed. For the qualitative component, 18 adolescents with depression were interviewed following a semi-structured interview guide, with sessions audio-recorded. The data were subsequently transcribed and subjected to thematic content analysis. In the quantitative phase, a cross-sectional online survey was administered to 210 adolescents diagnosed with depression using Questionnaire Star, with data analysis performed using SPSS25.0 and AMOS 24.0. ResultsThe qualitative analysis identified three major themes and nine categories as key risk factors influencing the onset of adolescent depression. Three major themes were generated: school factors, family factors, and other factors. Nine categories were generated: heavy academic load, strained peer, and teacher-student relationships; unstable family structures, internal familial conflicts, and high parental expectations; a strong sense of social isolation, insufficient sexual education, and prevalent suicidal ideation or attempts. A nurturing and supportive school environment significantly bolsters adolescents' sense of hope and coping abilities, while a warm and encouraging family setting effectively mitigates psychological stress. Conversely, heightened loneliness and the onset of suicidal ideation are frequently linked to diminished hope and the adoption of maladaptive coping strategies. Hence, to comprehensively understand the intricate interplay of these factors, this study concentrated on the levels of hope and coping mechanisms, investigating their potential mediating role in adolescent anxiety and depression. Quantitative analysis revealed a positive correlation between anxiety and depression (r = 0.767, p＜0.01). Additionally, it was found that hope levels and coping strategies mediated the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms (β = −0.24–0.84 = 0.20, p < 0.001; β = 0.19–0.51 = −0.10, p < 0.01), with the mediating influence of hope levels being more significant than that of coping strategies. ConclusionEnhancing hope levels and fostering positive coping strategies are instrumental in aiding adolescents with depression to alleviate their anxiety and depressive symptoms. Moreover, this study underscored the importance of focusing on adolescents' mental health and providing them with emotional support, thereby increasing their hope levels and encouraging the adoption of positive coping mechanisms to effectively address their challenges.

Quality of parenting and juvenile delinquency

The increase in the number of juvenile delinquents in Nigeria especially Benin Metropolis can be dangerous for the future of adolescents. One of the factors causing this as inferred in this study is parents. This study therefore aims to determine the relationship between Quality of Parenting and Juvenile Delinquency. The design of this study was descriptive. Analysis of the study was carried out using the Chi-square test. The number of samples in this study was 123 juvenile delinquents and 5 officials at the Children Correctional Center, Benin City. The study adopted the total number of population as its sample which is 123 juvenile delinquents thus no sample technique was used. While the 5 officials were purposively selected out of 7 officials. The dependent variable was juvenile delinquency. The parameters for measuring Quality of Parenting were parenting styles, parents’-child communication, family structure and parents’ socio-economic status. The two parameters were significantly related to juvenile delinquency especially parenting styles and family structure. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between Quality of Parenting and Juvenile Delinquency.

Readjustment of Children's Roles and Social Relationships after Parental Divorce

This article examined children’s adjustment to their social roles and relationships after their parents’ divorce. This research was based on empirical data collected through interviews and observations of children aged 18 years and under. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively and interpretatively. Research revealed that the dynamics of the relationship between parents after divorce have a direct influence on children’s readjustment. Positive adjustment was seen when parents maintained a good relationship (as friends), and children continued their normal activities such as school and social interactions. On the other hand, if the parental relationship is not friendly, children tend to make negative adjustments, which have a detrimental impact on children, such as boys often fighting, addicted to cigarettes and gambling, but are also found to work while going to school to contribute to the family income and get married at a young age. Girls tend to withdraw and stay at home. These findings emphasized the important role of parental relationships in helping children’s adjustment after divorce. Establishing a healthy co-parenting dynamic is critical to supporting their successful adaptation to the new family structure. Keywords: readjustment, parent’s divorce, children’s roles; social relationships

Italian translation, cultural adaptation and pilot testing of Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT 3.1) in pediatric cancer.

Experiences related to pediatric oncology diagnosis cause great imbalances within the family structure. Assessing the frailties and needs of families and children with cancer from a psychosocial perspective is an important step in providing appropriate pediatric psychology care. The aim of this study was to develop an Italian translation of the last version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool questionnaire (PAT 3.1) and to pilot-test it among pediatric oncological families. The guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures were followed. Specifically, two independent forward translations were produced, followed by a reconciliation step by a multidisciplinary expert committee and back-translation. Revision of the original text and all translations were performed by the expert committee leading to a final version, which was pilot-tested by cognitive debriefing on five families. Subsequently, the final Italian PAT 3.1 version was approved. The Italian version of the PAT 3.1 generated in the present study is a useful instrument to examine the psychosocial risk of the families with a child with cancer. This instrument will be a valuable tool for future clinical trials and it will help clinicians to target specific pediatric psychology support intervention. The questionnaire will be further validated through a multicenter Italian study on psychosocial screening of pediatric oncology and pediatric general diseases.

Adaptation Or Exploitation? An Analysis of the Family Structure of the Hijra Community in Bangladesh

Adaptation Or Exploitation? An Analysis of the Family Structure of the Hijra Community in Bangladesh

Children on the Move in China: Insights from the Census Data 2000–2020

AbstractUsing data from the 2000, 2010, and 2020 National Population Census of China, this study uncovers evolving trends in the experiences of children in family structures reshaped by China's massive internal migration. We develop a new framework to examine family structures from the census data, which facilitates a detailed exploration of family splits as a result of migration. Our results show a significant surge in the proportion of children in migrant families and the trend of children on the move. While the number of left‐behind children far exceeded that of migrant children in 2000, the picture became the opposite in 2020, signifying an enhanced capacity and inclination for migrant parents to bring their children to migration destinations. This shift has also engendered a more heterogeneous population of children in migrant families. Notably, a subgroup warranting particular attention is that of “left‐behind child migrants,” those moving to proximate towns or cities without both parents. This emergence blurs the traditional urban–rural dichotomies and underscores the intricacies of a family split within the migrant population. Finally, we reflect on the significant role of educational aspirations and obstacles that influence these migratory patterns.

Features of the CD1 gene family in rodents and the uniqueness of the immune system of naked mole-rat

Cluster of Differentiation 1 (CD1) proteins are widely expressed throughout jawed vertebrates and present lipid antigens to specific CD1-restricted T lymphocytes. CD1 molecules play an important role in immune defense with the presence or absence of particular CD1 proteins frequently associated with the functional characteristics of the immune system. Here, we show the evolution of CD1 proteins in the Rodentia family and the diversity among its members. Based on the analysis of CD1 protein-coding regions in rodent genomes and the reconstruction of protein structures, we found that Heterocephalus glaber represents a unique member of the suborder Hystricomorpha with significant changes in protein sequences and structures of the CD1 family. Multiple lines of evidence point to the absence of CD1d and CD1e and probably a dysfunctional CD1b protein in Heterocephalus glaber. In addition, the impact of CD1d loss on the CD1d/Natural killer T (NKT) cell axis in the naked mole-rat and its potential implications for immune system function are discussed in detail.

The sudden wealth syndrome and loss of rectitude in Vivek Shanbhag’s Ghachar Ghochar

Middle-class mores in the southern part of India are largely homogenous, though even here one can see that there exists the lower middle class and upper middle class. The differences, however, vary in application on a gradient of material possessions and upgradation in lifestyle. What unifies the middle class is the value systems that they practice. A stable job, thrift, financial stability, and most importantly adherence to societal norms characterizes this section of society. When such families experience a windfall of unexpected wealth it can destabilize the family structure, create mistrust and anxiety among members, undermine moral rectitude and ethics, and topple the very value system that held the family together. This paper examines the primary source, the novel, Ghachar Ghochar by Vivek Shanbhag, to point out that consumerism and materialism, if not balanced with reflection and introspection, can stunt spiritual growth and lead towards a loss of basic human ethics and morality. The narrator’s family members, hitherto used to a steady income from a salaried job, switch to becoming entrepreneurs, trading in spices and ready spice powders, and enjoying a bounty of wealth. They fall back on unethical business practices and their wealth multiplies, changing their lifestyles and bringing up cracks in their relationships. They are blasé about the sudden wealth and splurge on luxuries as if in haste to wipe out their middle-class upbringing, letting go of the middle-class values of moral rectitude and ethical living that had held them together and made them upright citizens.

Comparative study on emotional behavior and parental job stress of only-child and non-only-child preschool children.

Studies have revealed that Children's psychological, behavioral, and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment. In recent years, the family structure in China has undergone significant changes, with more families having two or three children. To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children. Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and non-only child groups. Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared. Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age (difference less than or equal to 6 months), and the matched data were compared. The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents' job stress before and after matching was analyzed. Before matching, the mother's occupation, children's personality characteristics, and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups (P < 0.05). After matching 550 pairs, differences in the children's parenting styles remained. There were significant differences in children's gender and parents' attitudes toward children between the two groups. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group (P < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that after matching, there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents' attitudes toward their children (r = 0.096, P < 0.01), and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender, parents' attitudes toward their children, and SDQ scores (r = 0.077, 0.193, 0.172, 0.222). Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families. Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors, and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.

Gradients of Trust in Vaccines

Abstract COVID-19 vaccination in Laos has been affected by challenges in reaching the whole population and preexisting mistrust in the health system. Vaccination rates are low among the Hmong, whose healing epistemologies are rooted in animism and Christianity, while most healthcare staff are from the lowland Buddhist majority. However, local notions of immunity and religious practices are not the main factors influencing confidence in vaccines, as these are flexible and pragmatic in incorporating different approaches to curing illness. Instead, the root causes are patterns of mistrust and inequity enacted through Hmong peoples’ experiences with health services. An innovative government-led initiative focusing on trust-building and local ownership through relational community engagement, utilizing existing village, family, ethnic, and religious structures and promoting effective communication and cultural sensitivity led to a rapid increase in vaccine uptake. Trust in vaccines is therefore not an abstract concept but highly relational, and so can be intentionally developed.

Challenging Stereotypes and Celebrating Family Bonds: Analysing the Representation of Older Adults in the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary

Abstract While there is growing interest in representations of older adults across media in general, specific studies of their representation in dictionaries are scarce. This study used content analysis, transitivity analysis and attitude system to explore how older adults’ identities are discursively constructed in the seventh edition of the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary (CCD7). On the negative side, CCD7 reveals several stereotypes (e.g., being frail and vulnerable), presenting old age as the antithesis of active youth. On the positive side, CCD7 uniquely highlights the significant role of older adults within the Chinese extended family structure. In addition, CCD7 emphasises that, in Chinese culture, caring for older adults is seen as a familial and social responsibility. Through the lens of CDA, this study contributes to our understanding of old age in lexicographic discourse and promotes inclusive language.

Relationship between Family Structure with Adolescent Datement Behavior of Young Women

Introduction: The dating behavior of teenagers in Indonesia is quite worrying and leads to risky behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family structure and dating behavior of young women. Methods: This research method uses quantitative research with cross sectional design. The population in this study were 226 young women obtained from the results of the Slovin formula and a sample of 144 respondents, the sample technique used wasSimple random sampling.The independent variable in this study is family structure and the dependent variable is the dating behavior of young women. Collecting data using a questionnaire about the characteristics of respondents, dating behavior practices, and family structure. Results: Most of the family structures of young women are in poor family structures, while most of the courtship behavior in young women is in risky courting. The results of the analysis with Fisher's test obtained a p-value of 0.028 &lt; α 0.05 so that it can be concluded that there isrelationship between family structure and dating behavior of young women. Conclusions: The less good the family structure is, the more risky dating behavior is, the better the family structure, the less risky dating behavior is. Teenagers should be able to avoid risky dating behavior. Families should provide health education about healthy dating and provide supervision. Family nurses should be able to provide sexuality health education to adolescent families.

Responsibility of The Sidenreng Rappang Religious Court Class IB Based on Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʻah in Reducing The Rate of Marriage Dispensation

This research aims to evaluate the responsibility of Sidenreng Rappang Class IB Religious Court in reducing the number of marriage dispensations. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving in-depth interviews with judges, court officials, as well as families and couples applying for marriage dispensation. The findings of the study are as follows: 1) From 2019 to 2023, there has been a significant shift in the number of marriage dispensation applications at Sidenreng Rappang Class IB Religious Court. This shift indicates a change in societal perspectives on marriage values and the challenges they face in meeting marriage requirements. 2) Factors such as changes in family structure, increased social mobility, and the evolution of religious and cultural norms may contribute to this trend. Additionally, difficulties in meeting marriage requirements can drive individuals to seek dispensation. 3) The responsibility of Sidenreng Rappang Class IB Religious Court is also critical in preventing child marriages. The court's role includes tightening the examination of administrative requirements, providing explanations, exploring the genuine intentions of the child, and considering the true benefits and harms of child marriage

AN OVERVIEW OF ELDERLY CARE TECHNICIANS IN ELDERLY CARE SERVICES AS A SOCIAL POLICY FIELD

Abstract As in the rest of the world, in Turkey, the ageing population has become an issue that needs to be focused on. Elderly care service includes a social, economic and psychological process. Social policy, elderly care services are carried out by nursing and daycare homes. However, since placing elderly individuals in nursing homes is not a widely accepted approach under the traditional family structure in Turkey, care services are primarily provided in the elderly person's own home or their children's. In addition, the participation of women in working life mainly results in the elderly individuals at home being cared for by a newcomer woman, and this care service is often carried out by people who have not received the necessary training in elderly care and often by foreign national employees; accordingly, the care that should be supplied to the elderly is not provided proficiently. Particularly in the present, the lack of sufficient quantitative health professionals to meet the increasing elderly population causes deficiencies in providing the necessary care. Considering that this deficiency can be met at the technician level, geriatric care technician training programmes are being initiated, and the gap in this field is being filled with trained personnel shortly.

Yurtdışında Gösterimde Olan Türk Dizilerinin Kültür Aktarımına Etkisi: Kazakistan Örneği

Turkish TV series have gained great popularity in Kazakhstan in recent years and have had significant effects on Kazakh culture. This study examines how Turkish TV series are transferred to Kazakhstan, which types of TV series are preferred the most, and the effects of these TV series on viewers. With the export of Turkish TV series to the world, these TV series have also attracted great attention and are followed with great interest in Kazakhstan. The research was conducted with a 15-question interview aimed at viewers in Kazakhstan. The questions were designed to determine how Turkish TV series have a cultural impact in this country, common cultural elements and differences, positive or negative cultural effects of the TV series, and which cultural elements are most affected. Face-to-face, voice and written one-on-one interviews were conducted. The findings showed that Kazakh viewers learned Turkish as a foreign language through Turkish TV series and that TV series played an important role in the process of transferring the most effective cultural element, the language. According to the research results, Turkish TV series left various cultural effects on Kazakh viewers. Participants stated that they became familiar with Turkish culture and language through Turkish TV series. Viewers learned about Turkish cuisine, traditions, family structure and social values through the cultural elements presented by the series. It is revealed that Turkish TV series strengthened cultural interaction in Kazakhstan and supported viewers' language and culture learning. The cultural content presented by Turkish TV series had a positive effect on Kazakh viewers, increased cultural awareness and strengthened the cultural bond between the two countries. Keywords: Cultural transfer, Turkish TV series, foreign language, common culture

Cherished sons and considerate daughters? Claims to resettlement housing in the urbanizing Eastern China

China’s urbanization has led to massive demolition and resettlement projects on the edge of the expanding cities, moving affected villagers into resettlement housing. This study examines the consequent changes in family property structures, focusing on how resettlement housing was redistributed between sons and daughters. This study draws on fieldwork in the suburban area of an expanding city in Shandong, Eastern China, and analyzes in-depth interviews about how resettlement housing was divided in families that had (1) both sons and daughters, (2) sons only, and (3) daughters only. The findings suggest that the sons’ privilege in receiving housing properties was more salient in families with more children (three children or above) and with both sons and daughters. In small families (with one or two children) or daughter-only families, it was more likely for siblings’ needs and daughters’ contributions to be mentioned in the division of properties; when daughters adjusted their family roles, such as assuming the role of the ‘heir,’ their negotiation for inheritance rights changed. Built on studies about how local governments and rural communities have ignored or reproduced gender inequality in property structures in urbanization, this study illustrates how gendered access to housing varies across family structures.