Family Rules Research Articles

Siblinghood Amongst Older Adults: What Being a Sibling or Having Siblings Means

The aim of this study is to understand siblinghood in old age through the perspective of Czech older adults. Forty-one in-depth interviews were analyzed, and four themes characterizing siblinghood among older persons were identified in the data: (1) Siblinghood as a unique bond, understood through genetic relatedness, the sense of belongingness, shared memories, and awareness of being the last members of the family of origin. (2) Being consanguineous and, as a result, irrevocably bonded by mutual commitments. (3) Being emotionally supportive and ready for help if needed and as resources allow. (4) The rules of doing siblinghood: the genealogical rules vs. the rule of family of procreation priority; the rule of genetic relatedness vs. the selectivity rule, or rather the preferences of particular siblings; the rules of “good siblinghood” (being interested in themselves, mutual respect, no envy).

Government policy, law, and regulation: A perspective on early childhood development in Asia

Early childhood is essential for cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund [UNICEF], 2022). This study aims to explain government policy, law, and regulation, as well as social community participation, for early childhood development in Asia. The qualitative approach was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 key informants, employing purposive sampling. Content analysis was performed on the data. The findings revealed that governments have put policies in place to help families with children and to increase access to childcare services. Childcare policies differ by country and are influenced by cultural, economic, and political factors. The government policies law and rules in China, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand aid families with children and provide access to childcare services. However, the level of government support, the availability of childcare facilities, and the extent to which employers are encouraged to provide support for working parents vary. Furthermore, social community participation in childcare services is important and can take various forms, including volunteer work, advocacy, financial support, use of services, and community engagement. By participating in these ways, communities can help to ensure that all children have access to the high-quality care that they need to thrive.

Radnopravne posledice smrti i gubitka poslovne sposobnosti poslodavca sa svojstvom fizičkog lica

The employer may act in the legal capacity of a natural person or a legal entity. In the former case, the subject of an employment relationship is a natural person per se or a natural person in the capacity of a sole trader or a freelancer. In the latter case, given that a natural person is identified with his/her own enterprise (as they constitute one body), the question arises what happens in the event of a change in the legal status of a natural person as the employer (a holder of a sole proprietorship), which will primarily take place in the event of death or loss of legal capacity. Considering that the labour legislation of the Republic of Serbia does not provide an answer to this question, the author will address this question by seeking answers within the framework of general rules of labour, inheritance, family and company legislation. In that sense, the paper analyzes the effects of death and loss of legal capacity of an employer (a natural person) on the existing employment relations. The author aims to respond to the question whether the employer's death necessarily causes the termination of employment, or whether such employment may be continued by the employer's successors (in which case, it may be considered as the change of employer). In particular, the author focuses on the provisions of the Business Companies Act, which regulate the possibilities to continue conducting the business in the event of the sole trader's death while implicating their shortcomings, unclarities and issues they cause in the interpretation and practical application thereof. In that context, the author examines the legal grounds enabling the successor to take over the sole trader business, the subject matter of such succession, the labour law status of employees, and the possibility for the co-successors' community (a number of natural persons) to act in the capacity of the employer.

The Relationship between Family Knowledge and Family Compliance Behavior in Assistance Rules in the Ponek Room of RSUD dr. Abdul Rivai

PONEK services are an effort to support the accelerated reduction of MMR and AKN through the provision of integrated services for mothers and newborns. The success of PONEK requires reliable management in the form of family rules that accompany patients in the hospital. Preliminary study of RSUD dr. Abdul Rivai still has a companion family who violates the rules regarding discipline in the PONEK Room. Objective: Knowing the relationship between family knowledge and family compliance behavior with the mentoring rules. Methods: This type of analytic survey research is cross sectional design. The population is the accompanying family of patients at Ponek RSUD dr. Abdul Rivai numbered 250 people, with a sample of 154 people. Data analysis using chi-square. Result: Most family knowledge about mentoring rules is good (55, 8%) and the behavior of family obedience to the mentoring rules is the most obedient (63.6%). There is a relationship between the level of family knowledge and the behavior of family compliance with the mentoring rules (p value: 0.000). Conclusion: knowledge is a factor related to family obedience behavior in mentoring rules.

Parent anion radical formation in coenzyme Q0: Breaking ubiquinone family rules

We report electron attachment (EA) measurements for the parent anion radical formation from coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) at low electron energies (<2 eV) along with quantum chemical calculations. CoQ0 may be considered a prototype for the electron withdrawing properties of the larger CoQn molecules, in particular ubiquinone (CoQ10), an electron carrier in aerobic cell respiration. Herein, we show that the mechanisms for the parent anion radical formation of CoQ0 and CoQn (n = 1,2,4) are remarkably distinct. Reported EA data for CoQ1, CoQ2, CoQ4 and para-benzoquinone indicated stabilization of the parent anion radicals around 1.2–1.4 eV. In contrast, we observe for the yield of the parent anion radical of CoQ0 a sharp peak at ∼ 0 eV, a shoulder at 0.07 eV and a peak around 0.49 eV. Although the mechanisms for the latter feature remain unclear, our calculations suggest that a dipole bound state (DBS) would account for the lower energy signals. Additionally, the isoprenoid side chains in CoQn (n = 1,2,4) molecules seem to influence the DBS formation for these compounds. In contrast, the side chains enhance the parent anion radical stabilization around 1.4 eV. The absence of parent anion radical formation around 1.4 eV for CoQ0 can be attributed to the short auto-ionization lifetimes. The present results shed light on the underappreciated role played by the side chains in the stabilization of the parent anion radical. The isoprenoid tails should be viewed as co-responsible for the electron-accepting properties of ubiquinone, not mere spectators of electron transfer reactions.

Emerging Technology via Family Communication

Family communication is at the heart of the family and its functioning. It is a two-way process in which family members create, share, and regulate meaning. Advances and dissemination of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are constantly changing the way families communicate. However, little is known about the use of different family communication styles and their impact on family well-being. Family communication through verbal and non-verbal interactions play a central role in maintaining family relationships and improving family well-being. It provides family members (who are related through biological, marital, cohabitation and/or emotional relationships) the basis for sharing meaning, connecting, flexibly changing family rules, finding fulfilment and expressing themselves, and sharing attitudes, values and beliefs. Family communication includes the content (verbal and non-verbal), frequency, and nature of family interactions that define the family and build family relationships. The main goal of this study is to look at the link between communication technology and family relationships, to understand whether family interactions are affected when the usage of communication technology increases.

AnimalTFDB 4.0: a comprehensive animal transcription factor database updated with variation and expression annotations.

Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that interact with specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression and play crucial roles in all kinds of biological processes. To keep up with new data and provide a more comprehensive resource for TF research, we updated the Animal Transcription Factor Database (AnimalTFDB) to version 4.0 (http://bioinfo.life.hust.edu.cn/AnimalTFDB4/) with up-to-date data and functions. We refined the TF family rules and prediction pipeline to predict TFs in genome-wide protein sequences from Ensembl. As a result, we predicted 274 633 TF genes and 150 726 transcription cofactor genes in AnimalTFDB 4.0 in 183 animal genomes, which are 86 more species than AnimalTFDB 3.0. Besides double data volume, we also added the following new annotations and functions to the database: (i) variations (including mutations) on TF genes in various human cancers and other diseases; (ii) predicted post-translational modification sites (including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination sites) on TFs in 8 species; (iii) TF regulation in autophagy; (iv) comprehensive TF expression annotation for 38 species; (v) exact and batch search functions allow users to search AnimalTFDB flexibly. AnimalTFDB 4.0 is a useful resource for studying TF and transcription regulation, which contains comprehensive annotation and classification of TFs and transcription cofactors.

Video game addiction among Tunisian adolescents in Sousse: A cross-sectional study in high schools

Abstract Background Addiction to video games is a theme regularly mentioned and associated with the risks that concern adolescents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of video game addiction (VGA) among adolescents and identify its associated factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study within public high schools, in Sousse, Tunisia in 2019. The target population was high school students. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data about sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and mental health disorders, and we used the 21-item Game Addiction Scale to objectify video game addiction. Statistical analysis was carried out using the program SPSS v.20. Results A total of 1342 participants were recruited for the study,36.8% of whom were boys. The average age was 17.5 ±1.44 years. The analysis of mental health disorders showed that 67% were anxious, 66.8% were alexithymic, 65.4% were depressed and 39% had low self-esteem. The analysis of lifestyle behaviors showed that a lack of physical activity was reported by 57.6% of participants. Problematic use of the Internet (&amp;gt;2 hours per day) was reported among 72.4% of the students. The prevalence of video game addiction was 13%. Boys were more prone to be addicted than girls (66.2% versus 33.8%, p &amp;lt; 0.001). ≥17 years old students had a higher rate of VGA than those aged&amp;lt;17 years old (57.3% vs 42.7%, p = 0.031). VGA was higher among students who follow the non-scientific study section (69.4%, p = 0.007). Students who had moderate depression had the highest percentages of VGA (35.7%, p = 0.005). Students who had problematic use of the internet were more addicted to video games (80.3%) than those not having problematic use (19.7%), p = 0.009. Conclusions This study allowed us to identify the students who are vulnerable to VGA. Also, a huge responsibility is accorded to school staff and parents to tackle this health problem by sensitizing their children and setting up some protective family rules. Key messages • Several factors were significantly associated with video game addiction, especially problematic internet use. • Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of video game addiction and to explore effective preventive or interventional strategies.

Exploring the Main Models of Family Therapy

Aiming at the improvement of children's behavior and mental health problems, this paper uses a review method to sort out and analyze the current mainstream marriage and family therapy methods with the viewpoints and examples of six different therapies. Cognitive behavioral therapy believes that people's behavior will affect people's thinking and emotions, and improve mental illness through behavior. Narrative therapy believes that personal experiences are fundamentally ambiguous and can only be revealed through multiple interpretations, therefore, they believe that problems exist in language, and therefore problems can also be resolved in dialogue through storytelling. Strategic family therapy believes that people exchange multiple levels of information that define their relationship with each other and that for problematic family rules, we need to change not only the specific behavior of family members but also the family rules. Structural family therapy believes that the goal of therapy is to remove structures that hinder the functioning of the family and replace them with more robust structures that allow the family to function as a whole. Systemic family therapy emphasizes the feelings of the whole family, it tries to identify problems in the family dynamics, as well as the thoughts and attitudes of the whole family to reveal what may be going on in the whole family. Relationship counseling specializes in helping people build the relationships they want with their intimate partners, family, and themselves. Summarizing these modalities will facilitate the integration of all modalities for marriage and family therapy and the selection of the appropriate method.

THE MAIN CHARACTER’S MARRIAGE IN THE NOVEL PERSUASION BY JANE AUSTEN

This study examines the social life of the character Anne in the novel Persuasion, a classic novel written by Jane Austen. There are two formulations of the problem. The first issue is about how Anne Elliot's character is described in Persuasion. The second problem is about how gender and social class issues are related to Anne's life. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Anne Elliot is a wonderful person, charming, friendly, intelligent, open-minded, multi-talented and helpful. In the Middle Ages, women were considered powerless to make decisions and had to obey the rules of family and society, not preventing Anne from fighting for what she really wanted. Anne, who came from a prominent family where her father was in a high position at work, was willing and able to break the rules against relations of different social status and class. His awareness and power to make decisions eventually lead him to true love and true happiness, without interference, coercion, and persuasion from others.

Brazil and the Afro-Asian World: a Decolonial Approach

The Brazilian path to political emancipation that culminated two centuries ago was a rather peculiar one. After becoming the head of the Portuguese empire in 1808, Brazil became an independent country under the rule of the same royal family that governed the colony. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the Brazilian independence did not entail a delinking from Portugal, due to which the Brazilian Western identity was taken for granted. We will also discuss how this absence of delinking had consequences in the long run. Despite the Brazilian colonial past, several intellectuals and foreign policymakers assumed the Brazilian Western identity and made disdainful and hostile comments when writing on the Afro-Asian decolonization process.

A Theoretical Analysis of Satir Iceberg Model for Two-Child Families

Aiming at families with two children, this paper analyzes the problems of family upbringing’s incompatibility and psychological problems in children’s development by means of a review. From the perspective of systematic Satir family therapy, core values, communication posture, iceberg theory, family structure diagram, etc. Help families re-examine family rules and relationships between members. Through the analysis and discussion at the iceberg level one by one, specific methods of what to do are obtained. For example, when there is a conflict between children, parents should not rush forward to be the referee, and let the first child help the second child to socialize. And the influence of the second child on the behavior, emotions, opinions, expectations, and desires of the first child. At the behavioral level, there may be two situations of acceptance and non-acceptance of first-born babies. On the emotional level, we believe that first-borns may have three responses: love, anger, and fear. At the point of view, I think that no matter what the point of view is, there are two themes: getting love and losing love. In terms of expectations, the first child may want to be loved and accompanied by the caregiver. The desire level, will desire to be respected by others, to be loved by others. Combining Satir's iceberg theory analysis with second-child family for effective intervention on specific problems.

Impacts of family environment on adolescents' academic achievement: The role of peer interaction quality and educational expectation gap.

The current study uses a two-wave longitudinal survey to explores the influence mechanism of the family environment on adolescents’ academic achievement. The family environment is measured by parents and children’s reports, including family atmosphere, parent–child interaction, and family rules, to reveal the mediating effect of adolescents’ positive or negative peers between the family environment and academic achievement, and whether the gap between self- and parental educational expectation plays a moderating effect. This study uses the data of the China Education Panel Study (CEPS); the survey samples include 9,449 eighth-grade students (Mage = 13.55 years, SD = 0.70), establishing a multilevel moderated mediating effect model. The results showed (1) the family environment and peer interaction quality can positively predict adolescents’ academic achievement. (2) Using the KHB test, peer interaction quality plays a partial mediating role in the process of family environment positively affecting academic achievement, and the mediating ratio is 27.5%. (3) The educational expectation gap moderates the effect of the family environment on academic achievement and also on peer interaction quality. Therefore, from the perspective of environment and important others, to correctly grasp the academic achievement of junior high school students in the process of socialization, it is necessary to recognize that the family environment, peer interaction quality, and educational expectation gap play an important role.

The Renaissance in Italy: A History

The Renaissance in Italy: A History

Africa's liberation generation

Today's African political class is much more diverse in character and aspiration than the one that overcame colonial rule and inaugurated independent governments. Sons of early liberation leaders now jostle for power in a few countries (Chad, Kenya), descendants of successful autocrats perpetuate family rule in others (Gabon), several long-serving hegemons remain in control after decades in office (as in Cameroon, Djibouti, Rwanda and Uganda), a clutch of kleptocrats continue to defraud citizens (as in Equatorial Guinea and Zimbabwe), upstart soldiers oust elected placeholders (Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali), and here and there democratic stalwarts (Botswana, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal, South Africa, Zambia) are delivering authentic, uplifting, leadership to their followers.

A Qualitative Investigation of the Impact of COVID-19 on United States' Frontline Health Care Workers and the Perceived Impact on Their Family Members.

Although previous research has documented the mental and physical health impacts that COVID-19 had on frontline health workers in the United States, little is known about how the pandemic affected their families. This study sought to explore the impact COVID-19 had on the individual functioning of frontline health care workers in the USA and the perceived impact it had on their family members during the initial nine months of the pandemic. More specifically, this study sought to explore if and how family roles, routines, rules, and social-emotional well-being changed as a result of COVID-19. Twenty-eight frontline health care workers across the United States who were parents to at least one child residing in the home under 24 were interviewed. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. From the analysis, four major themes emerged with regard to the changes and perceived impact to family functioning, family experiences of new hygiene practices, and stigma related to being a health care practitioner or having a family member working in health care, and psychological distress. The results of this study can be used by mental health clinicians to inform policy, develop practice guidelines, and help identify and target interventions for health care workers and their family members.

The Grothendieck Ring of a Family of Spherical Categories

We compute the fusion rule of a one-parameter family of spherical categories constructed by one author from the classification of singly generated Yang–Baxter planar algebras. The structure constant of the fusion rule is expressed in a closed-form formula of Littlewood–Richardson coefficients. We also compute the characters of the simple objects and their generating function in terms of symmetric functions with infinite variables.

The Rule of the Nehru-Gandhi political dynasty as a phenomenon of the Political Life of Independent India (based on the materials of domestic and Indian historiography)

The author considers the problem of the Nehru-Gandhi family rule as a phenomenon of the political history of modern, postcolonial India. The purpose of this work is to identify the main aspects of this phenomenon identified by domestic and Indian specialists. The main research methods were comparative-historical, which allowed to compare the scientific publications of domestic scientists, taking into account the Soviet and post-Soviet periods of the history of our country with the publications of Indian specialists, and cultural-anthropological, which involves the study of the positions of the authors of scientific publications in the formulation of the problem and the selection of arguments in defense of their point of view; the relationship of domestic and Indian scientists to the object of research. The relevance of the work is explained by the fact that the Nehru-Gandhi family and currently actively participates in the political life of the Republic of India, still have a significant political influence, holding leadership positions in the Indian National Congress Party. In addition, their political activities in 1947-1991 continue to be the subject of discussion in the scientific and intellectual community both in our country and in India. The novelty of the work is explained by the insufficient study of the designated problem in domestic and Indian historiography. The main conclusion is that the phenomenon of Nehru-Gandhi rule was formed on the basis of many political and socio-cultural factors described in the work, which are described in detail by domestic and Indian experts.

Family Collaboration during Pregnancy: Perceptions of Newly Delivered Mothers

Pregnancy is not a disease but a physiological process, and the family as a whole should take part in helping to ensure a healthy outcome for the woman. Family involvement and collaboration during this time cannot be over-emphasised. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe newly delivered married mothers’ perceptions of family involvement during pregnancy. A descriptive qualitative research approach, using content analysis, was used in this study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 newly delivered mothers who met the inclusion criteria for the study. The following four categories emerged from the findings of the study: being there physically and spiritually; contributing financially; setting family rules and privileges; and lack of support. The study adds to the limited body of knowledge on family collaboration within midwifery, specifically in Nigeria. This also creates awareness of the need for family involvement in caring for pregnant women. Further studies are recommended from a larger population of pregnant women to explore in-depth, specific collaborations needed in the different trimesters of pregnancy.

Against the Odds: A Century of Jordanian Economic Survival

ABSTRACT Following independence, but particularly following the 1948–1949 Arab-Israeli War and more so in the wake of the assassination of King Abdullah I, a common prediction among both intelligence units and academics was that Jordan, at least in its initial form, namely as a sovereign political entity under the rule of the Hashemite family, would have a limited lifespan. These pessimistic projections were largely intensified following the June 1967 War and the Black September events. In retrospect, despite the high volatility of the Jordanian economy since the mid-1980s, and more so following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Jordan is currently not only more politically stable than most of the other non-oil Arab countries, but also its socioeconomic situation is better. The aim of this article is twofold: first, to examine the major socioeconomic challenges that the Kingdom had to deal with that led so many to evaluate that it would not survive; and second, to explore the core socioeconomic pillars that enabled Jordan to survive. The core question that remains is, in light of the current major challenges – namely, the continuation of the Coronavirus pandemic; the continuing presence of large number of Arab Spring refugees; the ongoing instability in Syria and Iraq; the Kingdom’s high unemployment rate; and above all, the persistence of the rapid population growth – will the current rentier system work well “enough to survive” or, if not, what will the political consequences of failure be?