Family Of Trajectories Research Articles

“White” Guadeloupeans of “Mixed” Ancestry

This article explores the various ways in which Guadeloupeans of mixed African and European ancestry who are perceived as White self-identify in relation to their family and individual trajectories. This partial analysis is based on half-dozen semistructured interviews carried out in the course of researching nationalism, race, and ethnicity in Guadeloupe. Complicating rigid definitions of Whiteness and White supremacy, this article interprets the intricate meanings of Whiteness in the specific context of Guadeloupe, and its complex articulation with material and symbolic privilege.

Joint Family and Work Trajectories and Multidimensional Wellbeing

Informed by the life course perspective, this paper investigates whether and how employment and family trajectories are jointly associated with subjective, relational and financial wellbeing later in life. We draw on data from the Swiss Household Panel which combines biographical retrospective information on work, partnership and childbearing trajectories with 19 annual waves containing a number of wellbeing indicators as well as detailed socio-demographic and social origin information. We use sequence analysis to identify the main family and work trajectories for men and women aged 20–50 years old. We use OLS regression models to assess the association between those trajectories and their interdependency with wellbeing. Results reveal a joint association between work and family trajectories and wellbeing at older age, even net of social origin and pre-trajectory resources. For women, but not for men, the association is also not fully explained by proximate (current family and work status) determinants of wellbeing. Women’s stable full-time employment combined with traditional family trajectories yields a subjective wellbeing premium, whereas childlessness and absence of a stable partnership over the life course is associated with lower levels of financial and subjective wellbeing after 50 especially in combination with a trajectory of weak labour market involvement. Relational wellbeing is not associated with employment trajectories, and only weakly linked to family trajectories among men.

Multiracial Children's Experiences of Family Instability

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares multiracial and monoracial children's exposures to family instability, attending to variation by parents' marital status at birth.BackgroundPrevious research has revealed considerable racial/ethnic heterogeneity in children's exposure to family instability. Adding to this diversity is the rising share of multiracial and multiethnic children. Yet, multiracial and multiethnic children's experiences of family instability remain largely unexamined.MethodsData come from the 2006–2019 National Survey of Family Growth, a nationally representative repeated cross‐section of U.S. adults of reproductive age. The analytic sample included 15,369 children born in first marriages and 8,612 children born in first cohabitations to non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, and Hispanic parents. Multistate life tables, negative binomial regression, and multinomial logistic regression were used to compare the number of family transitions and family trajectories of multiracial and monoracial children through age 12.ResultsDifferences in exposures to family instability between multiracial and monoracial children varied by parents' marital status at birth. Multiracial children born to cohabiting parents generally experienced more childhood family instability than their monoracial counterparts. Conversely, the family experiences of multiracial children born in first marriages typically fell between those of their monoracial counterparts.ConclusionGiven that higher shares of multiracial children are born within the context of cohabitation relative to their monoracial peers, these findings suggest that multiracial children may be particularly vulnerable to experiencing family instability.

FAZENDO GÊNERO ENTRE TEORIAS ATIVISTAS

Solange Pereira Rocha narrates her academic trajectory in undergraduate, graduate and teaching courses in Parana, Pernambuco, Paraiba and Sao Paulo, through UFPE, UFF, UNICAMP and other institutions. It analyzes their family trajectories and political influences from the social movements of the last decade of the 20th century. And it analyzes the intellectual role of black academic women historians in the current political debate.

Move Abroad to Move Forward? Self-Assessments of Chinese Students and Undocumented Migrants in France

Migrants’ self-assessments refer to their perceptions of social mobility and positioning. These assessments are often ambivalent and counterintuitive for observers. To overcome contradictory first impressions, we propose a comprehensive approach to migrants’ self-assessments that goes beyond the opposition between objective and subjective social mobility and links the transnational context, various social spheres, actors’ migratory projects, and their reflexivity. The empirical materials in this article draw on two studies on Chinese migrants in France and confront the trajectories and viewpoints of undocumented migrants and international students. Beyond the differences between their experiences and their legal, economic, and social statuses in France and China, we highlight several common points: First, both groups considered migration a lever to improve their social status. Second, their evaluations link their regions of origin and destination as well as various social spheres. Third, in a transnational context, many factors at different scales influence migrants’ subjective self-assessments of the success or failure of their migration. The migrants’ assessments can vary according to their emphasis on professional, personal, or family trajectories, or on their choice of reference groups. They are shaped by the complexity of translations of status from one country to another and by rapid social transformation in China. Thus, many interviewees estimate that they are simultaneously in situations of social progression and regression.

Entre Kinshasa, Luanda e São Paulo: migração e educação nas trajetórias de solicitantes de refúgio angolanas no Brasil.

A presença de mulheres angolanas em São Paulo é narrada a partir das trajetórias migratórias das gerações anteriores, que também vivenciaram situações análogas a de refúgio. Suas experiências no Brasil como angolanas (não necessariamente lusófonas) e seus relatos acerca de deslocamentos entre Angola e República Democrática do Congo (RDC) no período da Guerra de Independência de Angola (1961-1974) e da Guerra Civil Angolana (1975-2002) são entrelaçadas pelas suas trajetórias educacionais e familiares. É relatada a permanência de dinâmicas educacionais coloniais no ensino dos idiomas francês e português em detrimento dos idiomas nacionais vinculados a grupos étnico-linguisticos, no contexto de formação de identidade nacional angolana no período pós-independência. O produto lingüístico de seu pouco domínio do idioma português é relacionado à sua dificuldade de inclusão no mercado de trabalho e o não reconhecimento de suas habilidades e certificações profissionais, situação que reforça sua posição como migrantes/refugiadas africanas no mercado de trabalho brasileiro.

Assessing Dementia Prevalence in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study: Cohort Profile, Protocol, and Preliminary Findings.

There is growing consensus that non-genetic determinants of dementia can be linked to various risk- and resiliency-enhancing factors accumulating throughout the lifespan, including socioeconomic conditions, early life experiences, educational attainment, lifestyle behaviors, and physical/mental health. Yet, the causal impact of these diverse factors on dementia risk remain poorly understood due to few longitudinal studies prospectively characterizing these influences across the lifespan. The Initial Lifespan's Impact on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (ILIAD) study aims to characterize dementia prevalence in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), a 60-year longitudinal study documenting life course trajectories of educational, family, occupational, psychological, cognitive, and health measures. Participants are surveyed using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-m) to identify dementia risk. Those scoring below cutoff undergo home-based neuropsychological, physical/neurological, and functional assessments. Dementia diagnosis is determined by consensus panel and merged with existing WLS data for combined analysis. Preliminary findings demonstrate the initial success of the ILIAD protocol in detecting dementia prevalence in the WLS. Increasing age, hearing issues, lower IQ, male sex, APOE4 positivity, and a steeper annualized rate of memory decline assessed in the prior two study waves, all increased likelihood of falling below the TICS-m cutoff for dementia risk. TICS-m scores significantly correlated with standard neuropsychological performance and functional outcomes. We provide an overview of the WLS study, describe existing key lifespan variables relevant to studies of dementia and cognitive aging, detail the current WLS-ILIAD study protocol, and provide a first glimpse of preliminary study findings.

Housing and family trajectories of young adults in five countries: Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and Serbia: Sequence analysis of European social survey data

The aim of this paper is to analyse housing and family transitions among the young and young adults in five countries: Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and Serbia, representing the Social-democratic, Conservative, Liberal, Mediterranean and (SEE) Post-socialist models of welfare regimes. For the purposes of our analysis, we used round 9 of European Social Survey data. The focus of our analysis was on the rotating module ?Timing of life? which aims to capture the views of European citizens about their life courses and their strategies to plan their own lives, as well as measures the timing of key life events. Variables from this module were used to construct life trajectories of respondents which are statistically modelled as sequences. Interpretation of the obtained results leads to two important conclusions. First, the differences in the types of family transitions of young people between countries are significant. Second, these differences can be explained both by individual characteristics and by the social and cultural context that determines the horizon of opportunities for young people. Even after controlling the effects of individual characteristics such as gender, age, education, parental education, religious affiliation, statistical differences between countries persist, indicating that a significant part of variability cannot be explained on an individual-level but exclusively by social and institutional context.

Migrant young people’s narratives of aspirations: the role of migrant positionality, habitus and capitals

ABSTRACT Drawing on a qualitative study conducted in Greece, the paper examines migrant young peoples’ narratives of educational and occupational aspirations. The paper employs Bourdieu’s theoretical framework to conceptualise aspirations as a product of habitus encompassing embodied dispositions shaped in the course of individual and familial trajectories in transnational social fields. Narrative-discursive analysis of in-depth interviews unpacks the differing degree in which migrant people’s positionality and mobilisation of capitals mediate their aspirations, as the latter reflect their emerging transnational habitus and their pragmatic evaluations of their interlinked past, present and future.

Políticas públicas e mudanças institucionais: as trajetórias dos agricultores familiares nas atividades de processamento de alimentos no Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil

A partir da década de 1990, as atividades de processamento de alimentos começaram a sofrer modificações, estimuladas pelo contexto político-governamental, que induziu novas formas de produção e comercialização no âmbito da agricultura brasileira. Dentre tais mudanças, várias políticas públicas foram desenvolvidas com a finalidade de regrar a produção, o processamento e os mercados dos alimentos da agricultura familiar. Apesar dos avanços nas discussões sobre os efeitos das políticas públicas nessa realidade, há lacunas para compreender em que medida elas influenciam as formas como as famílias interpretam e conduzem tais atividades. Para tanto, este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o papel que os programas e as políticas públicas exercem no processo de mudança institucional nas atividades de processamento desenvolvidas pela agricultura familiar. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro regiões do Rio Grande do Sul (Coredes: Hortênsias, Jacuí Centro, Sul e Vale do Rio dos Sinos). Foram entrevistadas 64 famílias (agricultores familiares) que processam alimentos, utilizando um formulário semi-estruturado, diários de campo e observações. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizadas as técnicas análise de conteúdo e escala likert. As famílias foram divididas em 4 grupos (trajetórias), que mostram as diferenças nas formas como iniciaram e modificaram tecnicamente as suas atividades de industrialização. Neste contexto, o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) foi considerado como a política pública que influenciou a ocorrência de mudanças institucionais, identificadas pelas novas técnicas no ambiente da produção e pelas inovações nas relações de mercado. Tais mudanças são explicadas pelo processo de operacionalização dessa política pública, que demanda novas formas de planejamento produtivo das propriedades, além da organização social e coletiva para atender os contratos de comercialização.

'We're responsible for the diagnosis and for finding help'. The help-seeking trajectories of families of children on the autism spectrum.

This article focuses on parents' process of seeking help for their child when a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is made or suspected. The study was conducted with 18 parents of children aged 4-10years in Quebec (Canada). A trajectory-network approach was applied in order to carry out an in-depth analysis of family help-seeking trajectories based on the relationships mobilised (or neglected) over time and on life course events that may have precipitated (or hindered) help-seeking actions. Semi-directed interviews based on a name generator were conducted. A qualitative analysis of the content of family narratives was done and followed by the production of a schematic representation of each families' help-seeking trajectory. The results identified four constitutive phases during which relationships within the family, within associations, or with health and social services or education professionals helped or hindered the help-seeking process. The results show the relevance of the proposed approach for analysing the help-seeking process and better supporting families of children on the autism spectrum.

Income trajectories of families raising a child with a neurodisability

Purpose To examine household income trajectories of children with and without neurodisability over a period of 6 years. Method We used four cycles of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a longitudinal study of the development and well-being of Canadian children from birth into adulthood. Results While household income increased over time for both groups, families of children with neurodisability had consistently lower household income compared to families of children without neurodisability even after controlling for child and family socio-demographic characteristics. The presence of an interaction effect between parent work status and child with neurodisability at baseline indicated that among children whose parent(s) were not working at baseline, household incomes did not differ between children with and without neurodisability. Conclusions The association between child with neurodisability and lower household income may not hold for all types of parents’, working status is an important consideration. Implications for Rehabilitation Findings support the health selection hypothesis that health status shapes diverging economic conditions over time: children with a ND have lower household incomes than children without a ND child across all waves of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Income gaps did not increase or decrease over time; rehabilitation services and policies must consider the lower average incomes associated with raising a child with a ND. Social assistance support likely plays a key role in closing the gap, especially for non-working families.

Postgraduate education among family and community physicians in Brazil: the Trajetórias MFC project

ObjectiveOur objective was to describe the postgraduate education trajectories of family and community physicians in Brazil, where neither primary healthcare nor family and community medicine is recognised as a knowledge...

School performance and mortality: The mediating role of educational attainment and work and family trajectories across the life course.

Evidence of a strong negative correlation between adolescent academic performance and mortality points to the importance of not only cognitive, but also non-cognitive, skills in predicting survival. We integrated two bodies of research to evaluate expectations regarding the role of educational attainment and trajectories of employment and marriage experience in mediating relationships between high school class rank and longevity. In particular, we used data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (n = 9,232) to fit parametric mortality models from age 55 to age 77. Multiple mediator models allowed for quantification of the degree to which the association between high school class rank and mortality is mediated by life trajectories and educational attainment. Our results show that high school class rank is a statistically significant and substantively meaningful predictor of survival beyond age 55 and that this relationship is partially, but not fully, mediated by trajectories of employment and marriage experience across the life course. Higher educational attainment also mediates a substantial part of the relationship, but to varying degrees for men and women.

Skeletal marine animal biodiversity is built by families with long macroevolutionary lag times.

The clade dynamics of marine animals have changed markedly over the Phanerozoic. Long-term diversification is associated with decreasing origination and extinction rates, and with increasing taxon longevity. Here we use the diversification trajectories of skeletal non-colonial marine families to infer the mechanisms that generated these trends. Suggested mechanisms behind these trends include stochastic extinction of taxa with high evolutionary volatility and selection for traits that buffer against extinction. We find an increasing predominance of Phanerozoic families with long lag times between first appearance and peak diversity, over those with 'early burst' diversification trajectories. Long-lag families persisted for longer and had lower evolutionary volatilities, higher genus-level occupancies and genera with larger niche breadths than early burst families. However, they do not preferentially show ecological modes known to protect against extinction. We interpret the rise of the long-lag families as reflecting an intensification of ecosystem-level mechanisms supporting both long-term coexistence and transient dynamics, which increased the capacity of marine ecosystems to accommodate highly diverse communities.

Longitudinal Trajectories of Caregiver Distress and Family Functioning After Community-Acquired Pediatric Septic Shock.

To identify trajectories and correlates of caregiver distress and family functioning in families of children who survived community-acquired septic shock. We hypothesized that: 1) a substantial subset of families would demonstrate trajectories of persistent elevated caregiver distress and impaired family functioning 12 months after hospitalization and 2) sociodemographic and clinical risk factors would be associated with trajectories of persistent distress and family dysfunction. Prospective cohort. Fourteen PICUs in the United States. Caregivers of 260 children who survived community-acquired septic shock. None. Caregivers completed ratings of distress on the Brief Symptom Inventory and of family functioning on the Family Assessment Device at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after hospitalization. Results from group-based trajectory modeling indicated that 67% of the current sample was characterized by persistent low caregiver distress, 26% by persistent moderate to high distress that remained stable across 12 months (high-risk caregiver distress group), and 8% by initial high distress followed by gradual recovery. Forty percent of the sample was characterized by stable high family functioning, 15% by persistent high dysfunction across 12 months (high-risk family functioning group), 12% by gradually improving functioning, and 32% by deteriorating function over time. Independently of age, child race was associated with membership in the high-risk caregiver distress group (non-white/Hispanic; effect size, -0.12; p = 0.010). There were no significant sociodemographic or clinical correlates of the high-risk family functioning group in multivariable analyses. Although the majority of families whose children survived community-acquired septic shock were characterized by resilience, a subgroup demonstrated trajectories of persistently elevated distress and family dysfunction during the 12 months after hospitalization. Results suggest a need for family-based psychosocial screening after pediatric septic shock to identify and support at-risk families.

The Long-Term Costs of Family Trajectories: Women\u2019s Later-Life Employment and Earnings Across Europe

The “motherhood earnings penalty” is a well-established finding in many Western countries. However, a divide between mothers and nonmothers might oversimplify reality given that the family life course has diversified over the last decades. In addition, whether family choices have consequences for women’s employment and earnings in later life is not well known, particularly in a comparative perspective. Using data on 50- to 59-year-old women from the Generations and Gender Programme, the British Household Panel Survey, and SHARELIFE for 22 European countries, we derive a typology of women’s family trajectories and estimate its association with women’s later-life employment and earnings. Whereas family trajectory–related differences with regard to employment were relatively small, our findings reveal a clear, long-lasting family trajectory gradient in earnings. Childless women (with or without a partner) as well as single mothers had higher personal earnings than women whose family trajectories combined parenthood and partnership. Moreover, in societies in which reconciliation of work and family during midlife is less burdensome, labor market outcomes of women following different family trajectories converge. Our findings show that women’s fertility and partnership behavior are inevitably interrelated and jointly influence employment and earning patterns until later in life. The results imply that promoting equal employment opportunities could have long-lasting effects on women’s economic independence.

Reverberating Historical Privilege of a “Middling” Sort of Settler Family

Critical family history illuminates societal relations of inequality through focusing on the experiences and trajectories of particular families. Here, I focus on unequal relations between white settler colonizers and indigenous communities within Aotearoa, New Zealand. I use data gathered from family wills and archival research to sketch aspects of the economic privilege of branches of my own ancestral families in contrast to the economic dispossession and injustices faced by the Māori communities alongside whom they lived. The concept of historical privilege forms the analytic basis of this exploration, beginning with the founding historical windfalls experienced by the Bell and Graham families through their initial acquisition of Māori lands and the parallel historical trauma experienced by Māori at the loss of these lands. I then explore how these windfalls and traumas underpinned the divergent economic trajectories on both sides of this colonial relationship, touching on issues of family inheritance and structural and symbolic privilege. Neither the Bells nor the Grahams accumulated significant wealth, but the stories of such “middling” families are helpful in illuminating mechanisms of historical privilege that we inheritors of such privilege find it difficult to “see” or remember.

Regional Variations in Multiple-Partner Fertility in Canada

Using retrospective biographical data from the 2011 GSS, we examine regional variations in multiple-partner fertility in Canada. We document its prevalence across regions from both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal perspective. Furthermore, we analyse regional disparities in the family trajectories that lead to multiple-partner fertility (MPF), focusing on the conditions surrounding the first birth. While we find no significant differences across regions in the occurrence of multiple-partner fertility among fathers, our analysis shows striking variations in the prevalence and timing of MPF among mothers. Women living in the Atlantic provinces, in the Prairies and, to a lesser degree, in British Columbia experience a higher rate of multiple-partner fertility than those living in Ontario and Quebec. Regional differences in the divergent pathways leading to MPF partly contribute to explaining the observed variation across the country. Giving birth at young ages and in non-residential partnerships is associated with a higher likelihood of multiple-partner fertility, while repartnering after the break-up of the union in which the first child is born is more common in provinces where it is less prevalent.

Unexpected places: land, words and silence in a Mapuche family trajectory of (dis)placement

ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between land, words and silence, and the ways they are articulated in biographical trajectories. In the context of displacement and successive home-making, it follows the spatial and temporal trajectories of a Mapuche family, their non-linear routes through the experience of exile, and the process of dwelling in the elsewhere. Exile is addressed here as a condition of being, a tension between presence and absence that involves loss, and that is negotiated through the interplay between words and silence, leading to the meaningful emergence of what I call ‘unexpected places’. At the core of this argument is a recognition of the intersubjective and hermeneutic borders that exist between persons in relation to speech and silence, in this case my partial understanding of the word ‘land’ (mapu), which disclosed the limits of language and the specificity of one’s lifeworld, and thus the boundaries of anthropological knowledge.