Family Links Research Articles

Informality, Class Structure, and Class Identity in Contemporary Argentina

The dynamics of peripheral capitalism in Latin America includes the employment or self-employment of a significant proportion of the working class under informal arrangements. The neoliberal transformations of the 1990s deepened this feature of Latin American labor markets, and it was not reversed during the period of economic growth that followed the collapse of neoliberalism. In this context, sociological debates have focused on the relationship between the formal and the informal fractions of the working class. Examination of the biographical and family linkages between formal and informal workers in Argentina and the effect of these connections on the patterns of class self-identification of individuals shows that lived experience across the informality boundary makes formal workers similar to informal workers in terms of class self-identification. This research provides preliminary evidence that the two kinds of workers belong to the same social class because of the fluidity of the boundary that separates them. Instead of a class cleavage, this boundary is better defined as the separation between fractions of the working class. La dinámica del capitalismo periférico en América Latina implica la informalidad laboral (sea entre trabajadores contratados o autónomos) de una sustancial parte de la clase obrera. Las transformaciones neoliberales de los años noventa profundizaron esta característica de los mercados de trabajo latinoamericanos, y el problema no se revirtió durante el período de crecimiento económico que siguió al colapso del neoliberalismo. En este contexto, los debates sociológicos se han centrado en la relación entre los grupos formales e informales de la clase obrera. Un análisis de los vínculos biográficos y familiares entre los trabajadores formales e informales en Argentina y el efecto de dichas conexiones en los patrones individuales de autoidentificación de clase muestra que la experiencia vivida en los límites de la informalidad hace que los trabajadores formales se consideren similares a los informales en términos de identificación de clase. Esta investigación brinda evidencia preliminar de que los dos tipos de trabajadores pertenecen a la misma clase social.

The Destruction and Impossible Reconstruction of Family Links in Crossing the River by Caryl Phillips

This article examines questions of kinship and family in Caryl Phillips’s novel Crossing the River from the perspective of the impact of slavery on the family and on gender roles. It explores the problematic status of both the father and the mother in a system in which the Master played the role of the symbolic father and women were “de-maternalized,” in other words deprived of their traditional functions as caring and protective mothers. It furthermore raises the question of gender representations, arguing that in Phillips’s vision of the “Black Atlantic,” women succeed in crossing borders that are emotional and psychological, while men’s voyages are concrete and pragmatic. It also explores the possibility of surrogacy as an answer to the destruction of the family and suggests that in this respect also it is male bonding that dominates Phillips’s vision of the diasporic community.

Learning from Froebel…Nurture, family and community

Nursery WorldVol. 2017, No. 10 EYFS Best PracticeLearning from Froebel…Nurture, family and communityTina Bruce, Jane DykeTina BruceSearch for more papers by this author, Jane DykeSearch for more papers by this authorTina Bruce; Jane DykePublished Online:29 May 2017https://doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2017.10.25AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleAbstractThe importance of family and genuine links to the community and beyond. By Professor Tina Bruce and Yellow Dot's Jane DykeMORE INFORMATION• For more on the life and work and Elinor Goldschmied and John Bowlby, visit: www.nurseryworld.co.uk/early-years-pioneers Google Scholar• Practitioners' visit to Keilhau, www. nurseryworld.co.uk/nursery-world/opinion/1157208/experiencing-froebels-legacy Google Scholar• Bruce T (ed) (2012) Early Childhood Practice: Froebel Today. Sage Crossref, Google Scholar• Bruce T (2015) Early Childhood Education. 5th edn. Hodder Education Google Scholar• Liebschner J (1992) A Child's Work: Freedom and Guidance in Froebel's Educational Theory and Practice. Lutterworth Press Google Scholar• Froebel F (1887) The Education of Man. Appleton Google Scholar• Tovey H (2016) Bringing the Froebel Approach to Your Practice. 2nd edn. Routledge. Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 15 May 2017Volume 2017Issue 10ISSN (print): 0029-6422ISSN (online): 2059-9358 Metrics History Published online 29 May 2017 Published in print 15 May 2017 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download

Życie towarzyskie Ormian lwowskich od połowy XIX wieku do 1939 roku

<p style="text-indent: 1.25cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY">W tekście zostało przedstawione życie towarzyskie Ormian polskich zamieszkujących we Lwowie bądź też związanych z tym miastem koneksjami rodzinnymi w okresie od połowy XIX w. do 1939 r. Ze względu na zachowane materiały źródłowe przedmiotem rozważań były sfery ziemiańskie oraz inteligencja. W pierwszej części autorka podjęła problematykę skomplikowanej kwestii „dziwnej” tożsamości Ormian zamieszkujących na terenach polskich. Wykazała, iż na początku XX w. wykształciła się specyficzna tożsamość Ormian polskich, co można określić łacińską formułą <em>gente Armeni natione Poloni</em>. Ich odmienność od etnicznych Polaków polegała na pamięci o innym pochodzeniu, innym rodzie (<em>gens</em>), a jedynym namacalnym dowodem pozostał obrządek. Następnie omówiła konkretne przykłady życia towarzyskiego, opisując bale karnawałowe, zarówno te organizowane w prywatnych domach, jak i te oficjalne (w tym słynny z okresu międzywojennego na całą Polskę „bal ormiański”), omówiła najbardziej popularne sposoby spędzania wolnego czasu – życie salonowe, organizacje i uczestnictwo w potańcówkach, przedstawieniach teatralnych, koncertach muzycznych imprezach charytatywnych, polowaniach, gonitwach koni; wyjazdy na kuracje oraz wczasy zagraniczne. Dzięki artykułowi możemy poznać zwyczaje i reguły panujące w tym środowisku na przestrzeni omawianego okresu oraz śledzimy proces akulturacji Ormian. Artykuł jest szczególnie cenny dla współczesnej mniejszości ormiańskiej, która jest bardzo aktywna w odkrywaniu i pielęgnowaniu historii swojego narodu. Dzięki niemu członkowie niektórych rodów – zwłaszcza ci odkrywający dopiero swoją „ormiańskość”, mogą również poszerzyć wiedzę o swoich przodkach.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span lang="en-US"><br /></span></p>

Do Politicians’ Relatives Get Better Jobs? Evidence from Municipal Elections

We estimate the impacts of being connected to politicians on occupational choice. We use an administrative dataset collected in 2008-2010 on 20 million individuals and rely on naming conventions to assess family links to candidates in elections held in 2007 and 2010. We first estimate the value of political connections by applying a regression discontinuity design to close elections in 2007. Those estimates likely combine the benefits from connections to current office-holders and the cost associated with being related to a losing candidate. We use individuals connected to successful candidates in the 2010 elections as control group and find that relatives of current office-holders are more likely to employed in better paying occupations. Relatives of candidates who narrowly lost in 2007 have lower occupations. A third-party randomly split our dataset in two and gave us sample 1. Once the review is completed, we will apply the approved methodology to sample 2.

Researching the entrepreneurial behaviour of new and existing ventures in European agriculture

This study analyzes differences existing between new and established agri-entrepreneurs as well as differences in relation to their counterparts in non-agricultural ventures. This study uses the resource-based view and institutional economics as conceptual frameworks and focuses on the analysis of the resources and capabilities; entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking, proactiveness and innovativeness); and legitimation affecting the entrepreneurial process. The literature points out that the specific characteristics of the sector (strong family links and institutional support) can condition the entrepreneurship process. Thus, hypotheses are developed to test these relationships. We use random effects models to test our hypotheses with the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for 20 European countries. Results show that agri-entrepreneurs have weaker entrepreneurial capabilities than other sectors. However, new entrants into the agricultural sector are not less entrepreneurial in relation to other sectors. On the other hand, established agri-entrepreneurs are less proactive than other sectors. Results suggest that new entrants into agriculture are more entrepreneurially oriented than established ones. Our study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by contextualizing the entrepreneurship process and providing valuable insights for policy-makers to enhance farmers’ entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial orientation.

Family linkages, social interactions, and investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis

This paper introduces parent–child interactions into the Beckerian model of human capital. The acquisition of human capital, jointly determined by parental investment and child effort, is an equilibrium outcome of the intergenerational interactions, which is Pareto efficient within the family. We show that the equilibrium output of human capital is not affected by the parental authority over child behavior, but it is usually lower than the level that maximizes the instantaneous aggregate family welfare. In a family with more than one child, siblings not only compete for parental investments but also directly interact with each other in their effort choices. Exploring intragenerational connections and their interplay with intergenerational forces, we present a more complete theory of family linkages in human development and its implications for the rise and fall of families. Social interactions among children from different families induce intragenerational feedback effects that are further amplified by intrafamily interactions and accelerate regression toward the mean in the economic status of families.

Homeless people's right to health: reflections on the problems and components.

In the present context of neoliberalism, it can be seen that employment and family links are becoming more fragile, contributing to the phenomenon of social exclusion, and making people who are homeless - the Homeless - more visible. This population, situated on the margin of the healthcare network, challenges the universality, equity and integrated quality of Brazil's Unified Health System - the SUS, and has been the subject of focalizing policies. The debate on this theme is the subject of this study, which is an integrative review of Brazilian publications in the literature databases of Lilacs (Latin America and the Caribbean Health Sciences Database) and the BDENF (Base de Dados de Enfermagem - Nursing Database), to provide a survey of the literature on characterization of the Homeless as a group, their needs and the policies that have been developed to serve them. The study reveals that discussion on the homeless has been timid in production of knowledge, principally in relation to comprehension of the social determinants of the health-disease process of this group. The social policies addressing this population are, mostly, compensatory and existentialist, so that they do not allow for materialization of the right to health as a possible outcome. In this context, it becomes necessary to build social policies that are coherent with the social needs of the homeless.

Interiors and Homemaking in Displacement: A Study of Vietnamese Americans in Southern California

This paper examines how displaced immigrants create meaningful spaces for themselves in a setting with vastly different customs, values, buildings, and institutions. Through a naturalistic field study, this paper examines in detail the choices, preferences, and decisions made by Vietnamese Americans in Southern California to rebuild their homes and interiors. Salient in their conceptualizations of homemaking were multigenerational family and genealogical linkages with ancestors and extended kin, as well as ritual linkages through worship, food, décor, and spatial requirements. The lessons from this study on homemaking in displacement also reveal the following emergent concepts: home as cultural investment—interior spaces created to facilitate culture specific living, lifestyle, use, activities, and interactions; home as cultural accommodation—spaces modified and transformed to accommodate cultural values and preferences; and home as cultural repository—home as a container for artifacts, paintings, art, and more. All of the above were significant in Vietnamese American homemaking.

Data Resource Profile: The Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (AMND).

The Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (AMND) was initiated in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Aberdeen, in 1950, by the late Professor Sir Dugald Baird, in collaboration with the Medical Research Council’s (MRC’s) Medical Sociology Unit. It was originally set up as a resource for the study of the physiology, pathology and sociology of pregnancy, but the usefulness of the AMND has extended significantly beyond this through linkage with other health and social care records as well as intergenerational and family linkages. Intrauterine exposures can permanently alter physiology and metabolism, leading to higher risk of developing some diseases in adulthood as suggested by the Barker Hypothesis. 1 The AMND is an invaluable resource for life-course epidemiology, especially since it is one of the earliest and most comprehensive obstetric databases. From the year 1950 to the present, this unique database has been recording all the obstetric and fertility-related events occurring in women residing in Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. The data were initially held on punched cards, computerized in the 1970s. Subsequently, in 1986, it was redeveloped onto a relational database known as Scientific Information Retrieval (SIR). The database was re-platformed in 2007 and is now held in a Microsoft SQL server database with an Access Front End. Databank-related personnel are core funded by the University of Aberdeen, and additional funding from funded projects are used to maintain and enhance the databank.

Stigma and prejudice: the experience of crack users.

Objectiveto evaluate the stigma and prejudice experienced by crack users in their social context. Methoda qualitative study developed through the Fourth Generation Evaluation, conducted with four interest groups (ten users, eleven families, eight employees, and seven managers), components of the mental health care network. For data collection, we used observation and individual interview. The analysis was performed through the constant comparative method. Resultscrack users suffer prejudice and are stigmatized as those who do not fit in the systems established by society (without family links, formal employment and dwelling), and are thus excluded. They exhibit undisciplined behavior and, therefore, are discriminated, marginalized and considered as criminals, losing their uniqueness and living in vulnerable situations. Conclusionthe evaluation process emphasized the need to demystify the social imaginary that demonizes the chemically dependent, being thus important to develop public policies with actions focused on health, prevention, information and combat to stigma.

Studying the Stayers: the Stable Population of Long Melford, Suffolk, over Two Hundred Years

Studies of population movement are more common than those focusing on the long-term inhabitants of a settlement. This article, based on data from a population reconstruction, examines long-term and inter-generational stability amongst couples resident in Long Melford, Suffolk, both those with local family links and those who migrated from elsewhere. The study focuses on three periods: 1661–91, 1753–83 and 1831–61 and finds that the proportion of couples who met the stability indicators increased over time; overall the proportion of wives who met the criteria increased more than that of husbands. A comparison of the children of these couples is used to relate stability amongst the couples and their children and to highlight issues relating to assessing the stability of single adults.

Ricardian equivalence revisited: Deficits, gifts and bequests

Barro (1974) shows that operative altruistic transfer motives are key for Ricardian equivalence to hold. This paper evaluates the importance of this mechanism quantitatively by studying deficit-financed tax cut experiments. I use a heterogeneous-agents overlapping-generations economy with endogenously operative transfer motives to capture the fact that empirically transfers occur in some but not in all families. Altruism is calibrated to match aggregate transfer statistics. I find that the response of aggregate consumption to a tax cut is in the ballpark of a standard overlapping-generations economy, that is, an economy without altruistic family links. Welfare implications of this economy, however, move closer to a dynastic economy.

Evidence that the Entamoeba histolytica Mitochondrial Carrier Family Links Mitosomal and Cytosolic Pathways through Exchange of 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate and ATP.

Entamoeba histolytica, a microaerophilic protozoan parasite, possesses mitosomes. Mitosomes are mitochondrion-related organelles that have largely lost typical mitochondrial functions, such as those involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The biological roles of Entamoeba mitosomes have been a long-standing enigma. We previously demonstrated that sulfate activation, which is not generally compartmentalized to mitochondria, is a major function of E. histolytica mitosomes. Sulfate activation cooperates with cytosolic enzymes, i.e., sulfotransferases (SULTs), for the synthesis of sulfolipids, one of which is cholesteryl sulfate. Notably, cholesteryl sulfate plays an important role in encystation, an essential process in the Entamoeba life cycle. These findings identified a biological role for Entamoeba mitosomes; however, they simultaneously raised a new issue concerning how the reactions of the pathway, separated by the mitosomal membranes, cooperate. Here, we demonstrated that the E. histolytica mitochondrial carrier family (EhMCF) has the capacity to exchange 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) with ATP. We also confirmed the cytosolic localization of all the E. histolytica SULTs, suggesting that in Entamoeba, PAPS, which is produced through mitosomal sulfate activation, is translocated to the cytosol and becomes a substrate for SULTs. In contrast, ATP, which is produced through cytosolic pathways, is translocated into the mitosomes and is a necessary substrate for sulfate activation. Taking our findings collectively, we suggest that EhMCF functions as a PAPS/ATP antiporter and plays a crucial role in linking the mitosomal sulfate activation pathway to cytosolic SULTs for the production of sulfolipids.

Do Politicianss Relatives Get Better Jobs? Evidence from Municipal Elections

We estimate the impacts of being connected to politicians on occupational choice. We use an administrative dataset collected in 2008-2010 on 20 million individuals and rely on naming conventions to assess family links to candidates in elections held in 2007 and 2010. We first apply a regression discontinuity design to close elections in 2007. We then use individuals connected to successful candidates in 2010 as control group to net out the possible cost associated with being related to a losing candidate. We find that relatives of current office-holders are more likely to be employed in better paying occupations.

Application of Geographic Information Systems to Assessing the Dynamics of Slum and Land Use Changes in Urban Core of Akure, Nigeria

Ancient city centres are characterised by inadequately planned/unplanned land use and unsecured tenure system, leading overtime to the development of different forms and grades of slum in and around urban core area. This research studied the slum in the urban core of Akure, Nigeria deploying tools of Geographic Information System for comprehensive analysis of slum peculiarity for guiding action. Descriptive and analytical methods based on field survey and extraction of information from satellite images were utilized. The study examined the existing situation in the study area in terms of its housing system, conditions of infrastructure, socio-economic status of respondents and adequacy of livelihood with respect to slum indicators as defined by UN-Habitat (2003). The study revealed specific areas of higher degree of slum conditions and a representation of level of changes in land uses. Another finding shows high rate of conversion, mainly from residential land uses to other uses as the major characteristic of land use changes in the area. Poverty has constituted a dominant factor for continued existence of slum conditions due to paucity of employment opportunities. The study further discovered diverse manifestations of slums within a locality attributed to factors such as strong family linkages, structure of property ownership and high level of economic dependency. Economic empowerment through aids and supports for Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), development of market network strategy for Akure and development of a comprehensive land use plan that would ensure sustainable growth of the city core area are canvassed.

Contribución prosopográfica para el estudio de tres regidores de Guadalajara y Córdoba = A Prosopographical Contribution in the Study of Three Councillors from Guadalajara and Córdoba

By analysing the wills of three councillors from Cordoba and Guadalajara in the fifteenth century, we have attempted to demonstrate how holding the same political position differed depending on who exercised it. Thus, we found a case where political and family links were the driving forces, another evidenced a wish to live beyond the economic possibilities inherent to the task, and the third case manifested an emphasis on honour and lineage.

TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS: THE STORY OF THE SAFER 2 STUDY

BackgroundThe SAFER 2 study is an RCT looking to improve the care provided by ambulance service to elderly patients who fall, by providing paramedics with a complex intervention consisting of...

Genealogy and Politics: Muhammad's Family Links with the Khazraj

There is rich genealogical evidence about the tribes of Mecca and Medina (Yathrib) around the time of the prophet Muḥammad. The evidence regarding Muḥammad's family links with the Khazraj is of special interest due to the major role played by the Khazraj in Muḥammad's military and political success. The article focuses on three women: 1. The mother of Muḥammad's great-uncles Ṣayfī and Abū Ṣayfī who is said to have been a freeborn woman from the Khazraj (but was probably a slave girl); 2. Muḥammad's great-grandmother Salmā who gave birth to his grandfather ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib. She belonged to the Khazraj branch called Najjār; 3. Muḥammad's wife Sawda whose mother was Salmā's niece. It is argued here that he married her shortly before the hijra. It was a politically-motivated marriage aimed at reinforcing his bond with the Najjār and with the Khazraj in general.

CEO identity and labor contracts: Evidence from CEO transitions

This paper assesses how CEO transitions shape labor contracts within firms. We argue that family links between a new CEO and his predecessor act as a commitment device for upholding implicit contracts with the workforce. Consistent with this view, we find evidence of a wage insurance mechanism during a CEO transition. Dynastically-promoted CEOs relative to external CEOs are associated with up to 25% less job separations and 20% lower wage growth. Crucially, we show that differences, in terms of job separations, between dynastic and non-dynastic CEO successions are significantly greater when labor markets are more frictional.