Family Leisure Research Articles

가족여가의 시간 제약과 여가비 지출간의 관계

This study aims to investigate whether the predictable collective family leisure time reinforces the relationships between the predictability of time constraint and family leisure expenditure. The study used a panel Tobit model for analysis. The results illustrate that the volume of family leisure expenditure increases when family members highly expect time constraints. Second, the volume of family leisure expenditure decreases when house members show low use of their time as collective family leisure time. Finally, the predictability of time constraint and possibility of family leisure time usage affects family leisure expenditure, regardless of the absolute levels of the amount of leisure time. These results imply that to promote family leisure, it is desirable to consider personal time usage and to check the economically active members of the family. Therefore, they suggest that family characteristics influence the decision-making of time allocation in the family.

Examining gender roles in family leisure food provisions: a longitudinal photographic analysis

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to investigate how gender roles around family leisure food provisions have changed over time. To do this, family photographs depicting a variety of family leisure food provisions in New Zealand over the last 100 years were analyzed. Photographs are a useful lens for addressing such issues. They document aspects of lives that we may be unable to see easily via other sources. The photographs utilized in this study came from a combination of archival family photograph albums and more recent albums sourced privately through advertising and snowball sampling. They were analyzed using qualitative visual thematic analysis. The findings are categorized based on different leisure settings and show the nature of changes in gender in each setting over time. We found that despite social changes contributing to the empowerment of women, they still carry the main responsibility for the facilitation of food-related chores in the leisure experience. While men take the ‘frontstage glory’ of food preparation during family leisure occasions, women are shown either in the kitchen alone or looking after small children doing the ‘backstage work’.

장애아 가족의 여가 욕구 및 가족힐링센터에 대한 요구

연구목적: 본 연구는 장애아 가족의 여가실태와 욕구 및 장애아 가족의 여가활동을 위한 가족힐링센터 요구를 알아보는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 19세 이하 장애자녀를 둔 부모 5명을 대상으로 면담을 실시하였고, 이를 바탕으로 부모 102명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 심층면담 자료는 질적 분석을, 설문조사 자료는 다중응답 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 대부분의 가족은 적어도 한 달에 1회 이상 가족 여가활동을 하고 있었으며, 가족의 여가를 제약하는 주된 이유는 장애자녀와 함께 할 수 있는 공간과 시설의 부족, 장애자녀 돌봄에 대한 부담, 사회적 이해의 부족에 있었다. 둘째, 가족들은 관련기관에서 주관하는 장애아 가족캠프, 장애아 가족을 위한 여가시설에서의 휴식, 영화/뮤지컬 관람, 야외 음악회 공연감상, 산책 그리고 실내 놀이 활동을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 장애아 가족의 욕구를 반영한 장애인 가족힐링센터의 필요성과 기대하는 사항들이 위치, 시설, 프로그램 유형, 프로그램 대상, 센터 역할, 이용 우선순위, 상주인력 측면에서 제시되었다. 결론: 현재 장애아 가족의 여가활동에 대한 질적인 면을 고려했을 때 그들의 욕구를 충족시키고 지속가능한 여가활동 프로그램과 환경을 제공할 수 있는 복합 여가시설이 필요하겠다. 이에 대한 연구와 함께 제도적 차원에서 국가 및 지방자치단체의 협력이 요구된다.

Influence of technology usage on family communication patterns and functioning: A systematic review.

The advances in this field have gained much interest in implying increased technology usage on various psychosocial factors, mainly mental health and changing communication patterns in the family system. This paper provides a systematic review of the literature published between 1990-2020, examining the relationship between technology usage and its impact on family factors like communication and family relationships. A database search was conducted using certain keywords, and in total, 20 papers were selected according to inclusion criteria. The results are categorized into domains of 1) technology use of the family, 2) family communication 3) family bonding 4) rules for technology use 5) boundaries maintained by the family members related to technology use. The results indicate that technology usage in families is very high, and maximum daily communication happens through technology. Family leisure time, offline family bonding and communication is negatively affected due to technology use. A model was developed which has implications in the family psychiatry field and specifically in working with families having difficulties managing healthy use of technology.

Mother’s perspective of maintaining an active outdoor leisure time of a preschool child

In the contemporary life of a family, mothers are often faced with a conflict between work and family in order to assure a healthy childhood for their children. How to provide active leisure time for a child in accordance with healthy lifestyle guidelines, and what factors affecting the quantity and quality of a child’s physical activity, have been researched from the perspective of mothers. The qualitative and quantitative methods of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews (n=54) with mothers were executed with the aim to study important factors which distract mothers and their children from ensuring physically active leisure time. Additionally, the possible correlation of children’s motor efficiency and family characteristics were studied. From the mother’s perspective we found that “lack of time” along with “weather conditions” were two major obstacles. Mothers also indicated “the access to recreational facilities” and “health of a child” as common impetuses for active outdoor leisure time. Additionally, comparison of family characteristics showed that active family leisure behavior is influenced by i) demographic and personal factors of the family (family size, SES , sports history), ii) social factors (employment and schedule of employment, financial status of the family, social networks support), and iii) environmental factors (weather, accessibility, and safe conditions for physical activity, as well as living conditions). Because environmental factors are harder to change, we need to pay attention to demographic, personal, and social factors of mothers (families) with reduced possibilities and enable them to ensure conditions for healthy child development.

FAMILY AND MOTHER LEISURE OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY

Leisure is often associate with quality of life of an individual. Objective leisure definitions are used by economic, business and recreational researchers, and focused on behaviors that we can observe. Subjective definitions are more concerned with scientists who are focused on the microsphere of an individual. Modern families are under great stress and that through different family activities the reduction of stress can be achieved and also increase feel of family well-being. Family leisure is considered as very important component of family life. It often shows as idealized, constantly happy time in which everyone enjoys together, time that is pleasure for all family members as individuals and also for the whole family.During family leisure mothers usually have mixed roles of caring for children and caring for the household, thus disrupting their sense of freedom and enjoyment. Many roles that parents of children with disabilities need to take over creates a time pressure that does not occur to parents of children without disabilities. That time pressure is reflected on psychological and physical health of the parents, affecting simultaneously the lack of time for different activities such as going to work, leisure activities, personal care and social interactions. Research has shown that mothers of children with disabilities generally have much less time for themselves and family activities than when it comes to mothers of children without disabilities, no matter what type and level of disability is about. Key words: leisure, family, mothers of children with disabilities

The Family-Friendly Museum: Museums through the eyes of families

According to studies on family leisure time, positive experiences with family members are the most important motivation factor for family leisure activities. In their traditional role, museums are cultural mediators, sources of information and research. However, as the needs of consumers with regards to museums are changing, institutions should instead focus on the opportunity to participate, learn and experience. The aim of our study is to identify key elements that make a museum family friendly and to define criteria for this designation. The framework was constructed based on the analysis of in-depth interviews with families with constructive grounded theory. The study’s findings highlight the need for museums to pay attention to families not only during their visit but also in the preparation and follow-up phases. The managerial implications for museums that would like to be family-friendly are discussed and solutions proposed.

Exploratory Study on Family Leisure Constraints of the Twochild Family in China

Driven by the two-child policy, there are more and more two-child families in China. The purpose of this research was to examine the leisure constraints of these families in Chinese urban areas. Based on interviews with the parents from 12 families and the leisure constraint theory, the main factors are identified. First, intrapersonal constraints, which include personal physical constraints (such as insufficient postpartum recovery) and psychological constraints(such as stress). Second, interpersonal constraints, which mainly come from family members (such as family support) and friends (such as narrowing social circles). Third, structural constraints, like family income, climate conditions, facilities, free time for leisure. Besides, the study also discovered a new type of constraint-cultural constraints, which is embodied in familism. This factor is close to the other three constraints and affects them. Based on this, the research proposed a new hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Finally, the article puts forward some suggestions for future research on family leisure under the influence of the two-child policy.

Освітньо-творчий проєкт «Разом до прекрасного»: опановуємо образотворче мистецтво

УДК 711.16 : [37.043.2 : 111.85] : 37.16 : 75 https://doi.org/10.32405/2308-8885-2021-2(100)-38-44 Презентовано авторський освітньо-творчий проєкт «Разом до прекрасного» для учнів молодшого шкільного й підліткового віку та методику його впровадження, що реалізують підхід авторки до опанування учнями образотворчого мистецтва у режимі онлайн-занять. Розкрито мету, особливості організації проєкту та методику його реалізації. Описано перший цикл занять на тему «Мистецтво графіки: його величність силует» з виокремленням форм і методів роботи із школярами. Представлено результати проведеного проєкту, висновки щодо його розробки та реалізації на практиці. Напрацювання авторки будуть корисними у розробці новітніх форм навчання образотворчого мистецтва в умовах формальної і неформальної освіти. Ключові слова: освітньо-творчий проєкт, «Разом до прекрасного», заняття онлайн, організація навчання образотворчого мистецтва, школярі, мистецтво графіки, силует. Halyna Vasylivna Kuzmenko, PhD in Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Scientific Researcher, Institute of the gifted child of NAPS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; glnkuzmenko@36gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-3934 Educational and creative project “Together for the Beautiful”: Mastering of Fine Arts The challenges of a global pandemic and transition of education to distance and blended learning formats, teaching community is searching new, alternative to traditional, forms and technologies of teaching school-age students. The issue of learning in the new conditions of art, in particular fine arts, due to the specifics of this art form and the peculiarities of conducting fine arts lessons is considered.  The author notes a separate creative experience of teachers on the Internet, which is a practical component of teaching fine arts (video workshops, practical lessons on teaching various art techniques). The author’s educational and creative project “Together for the Beautiful” for primary schoolchildren and adolescence as well as methods of its implementation is presented. It covers the author's approach in mastering of fine arts by students in the online lessons. The purpose, features of the project and its organization are presented. The project contains: interpersonal communication between students and teachers with feedback; various types of artistic activity of students (perception, interpretation and evaluation of art works, mastery of artistic concepts, artistic and game activities, artistic and creative activities); individualization of education (multilevel tasks) with the prospect of mastering fine arts in depth; educational, self-educational, developmental and entertaining functions due to the possibility of multiple views of lessons recording on YouTube video hosting by students, by their parents and all together; educational and leisure task, which was provided by the developed content of lesson, with the possibility for  joint knowledge of art in organized family leisure. The ways how to implement the project is described. The first cycle combines such lessons as: “The beauty of the ordinary spot” and “The art of graphics: his majesty’s silhouette”. Forms and methods how to work with students, taking into account different students’ ages capabilities are identified. The results of the project, conclusions on the developed idea and it implementation into practice are presented. The author’s work will be useful in order to develop the latest forms of teaching fine arts in formal and non-formal education. Key words: educational and creative project, “Together for the Beautiful”, online lessons, organization of fine arts education, schoolchildren, art of graphics, silhouette.   СПИСОК ДЖЕРЕЛ: Кузьменко Г. В. Від STEM- до STEAM-освіти: ключові аспекти на прикладі ініціатив уряду США. Освіта та розвиток обдарованої особистості. № 4 (79). С. 18–24. Лотоцька А., Пасічник О. Організація дистанційного навчання в школі. Методичні рекомендації. 2020. Відновлено з https://mon.gov.ua/storage/app/media/zagalna%20serednya/metodichni%20recomendazii/2020/metodichni%20recomendazii-dustanciyna%20osvita-2020.pdf. Наказ Міністерства освіти і науки України від 25.04.2013 № 466 «Про затвердження Положення про дистанційне навчання», реєстрація в Міністерстві юстиції України 30 квітня 2013 р. за № 703/23235. Відновлено з https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0703-13#Text Пенг, Ху. Хирамеки. Рисуй то, что видишь / Пенг, Ху; пер. с нем. О. Бычковой. Москва : Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2016. 192 с. Durães, D., Carneiro, D., Jiménez, A., Novais, P.: Intelligent tutoring system to improve learning outcomes. AI Commun., 1–14 (2019). (Preprint). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092523121731113X?via%3Dihub. Toala R., Durães D., Novais P. (2021) Emotion Analysis in Distance Learning. In: Auer M.E., Rüütmann T. (eds) Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions. ICL 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1328. Springer, Cham. URL:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68198-2_58 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350017217_Emotion_Analysis_in_Distance_Learning.

The Moderating Effect of Self-efficacy on the Relationship Between Internet Game Addiction and Aggression Among Korean Adolescents

The purpose of this study is to exam the moderating effect of self-efficacy that can change and predict adolescent behavior in relation to how internet game addiction influences aggression. For this purpose, an online survey of a sample of 811 middle and high school teenagers who used smartphones was performed from August 8 to 16, 2019. The analysis of the resulting data revealed the following. First, the group at high risk of internet game addiction displayed greater aggressiveness than other groups. Second, it was empirically verified that self-efficacy is a variable controlling the relationship between adolescents' internet game addiction and aggression. Based on these results, implementing social welfare and educational intervention measures were discussed to reduce the problematic behaviors of addictive use and aggressiveness surrounding internet gaming. This study’s limitation, as well as suggestions for further studies are as follows. Since no studies on clinical game addiction diagnosis were implemented, in-depth follow-up studies are required to verify the regulation effect of self-efficacy on internet game addiction and aggression in young people who have been diagnosed with game addiction. Further, variables related to parents and home life were not assessed. Thus, in relation to young people's game addiction and aggression, future studies of parent-child interaction and the regulation effect of family leisure activities are suggested.

FAMILY ACCOMMODATION, CAREGIVER BURDEN AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN FAMILY MEMBERS OF PATIENTS WITH OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER

Psychological disorders affect the life of both patients and their family members. Family members of psychological patients play a vital part in treatment and intervention of patients suffering from psychological problems. Their support may facilitate the patient in treatment as well as on the other hand may contribute to exacerbation. However, such family members also suffer while dealing with their relatives who suffer from psychological disorders. Therefore, this study is intended to find out how family accommodation causes impairment in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, to measure the burden of care (in terms of six dimensions i.e., financial burden, disruption of family routine, disruption of family leisure, disruption of family interaction, effect on physical health of others and effect on mental health of others) and to determine the level of psychological distress in family members of OCD patients. The present correlational research was consisted of 120 family members (42 men, 78 women), who were the primary caregivers. Result of Pearson Product Moment Correlation showed a highly significant positive relationship between family accommodation, caregiver burden and psychological distress. Mediation analysis was done using PROCESS which showed that caregiver burden mediated the relationship between family accommodation and psychological distress. Family interventions regarding accommodation by family members can be provided in order to improve the patient treatment and research findings can also be implied to teach coping strategies to family members in order to deal the burden they experienced.

Personal characteristics and environmentally responsible behavior of children of the generation alpha with different leisure orientation

The problem of the influence of macrosocial factors that determine the trends of psychological development of entire generations of children is a unique opportunity to highlight the psychological and pedagogical conditions that have remained in the shadow of the general «ensemble» of factors. It was suggested that the specifics of leisure activities of preschool children of the Generation Alpha in the conditions of forced epidemiological self-isolation affects intrapersonal structures, their resource state and it is associated with the dominant system of child-parent relations in the family. The empirical study of the dyad «child of 5-7 years-parent» (N=72 and N=72) was conducted using projective diagnostic methods: children's anxiety was analyzed, self-assessment; blank diagnostic methods for assessing the organization of family leisure and child-parent relations. The study showed the emergence of two new forms of free leisure activities for children: virtual and mixed (virtual activity and traditional communication with peers). The dependence of the level of children's immersion in digital gadgets with an increase of their anxiety and a decrease of self-esteem, difficulties with resource recovery was revealed. It is concluded that in families where children spend virtual leisure time, child-parent relations are characterized by a reduced level of acceptance of the child, the desire for cooperation and symbiosis with him. The results obtained are of interest for solving the problems of designing conditions for the psychological and pedagogical development of children of the Generation Alpha as well as training specialists in the field of child practical psychology.

Common interests of parents and adolescents

The article discusses the common interests of parents and adolescents, who have become significantly different in modern society with the advent of innovative technologies between the older and younger generations. The author analyzes the problem of underdeveloped forms of family leisure and take notice to the fact that in various types of leisure activities, the sequential formation of personal qualities of children such as independence, curiosity, organization, sociability, confidence, success and others is more effectively carried out. Family values are promoted by joint leisure, influencing the development of adolescents in socialization. The scientific works of scientists are analyzed, from which the conclusion about the common interests of adults and children follows. The types of family vacations at home and outside are consid it is worthwhile to form interests and traditions that unite adolescents and parents on the positive side. The author suggests synthesizing traditional and innovative forms of organizing family leisure activities in order to achieve common interests of parents and adolescents

Hearing the Unheard: Promoting Active and Healthy Aging With Family Leisure

Grandparents are playing an increasing role in the lives of their grandchildren. Participating in this role enriches grandparent’s well-being through feelings of enjoyment and satisfaction. Research also indicates participating in family leisure positively improves family communication, creates higher quality relationships, and enhances family cohesiveness and connectedness. However, the grandparent perspective, and their inclusion in family leisure, is often overlooked, rendering their voices invisible. Given the growing aging population, and the role grandparents play, their involvement in, and experience with, family leisure is becoming increasingly relevant. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to critically review and explore the available literature on grandparents (ages 65+) experiences with family leisure. This paper critically reflected on benefits of family leisure participation according to the World Health Organizations active aging and healthy aging ideologies. Participation in family leisure provides grandparents with opportunities for social participation, remaining active and engaged through generativity and contribution to family, as well as building, maintaining and enhancing relationships. More research that is inclusive of grandparent’s perspective of, and experience with, family leisure is needed. By taking a socioecological approach to understanding the experiences of grandparents’ participation in family leisure, clear suggestions can be made on how to support grandparent’s involvement in family leisure at the interpersonal, organizational, institutional, community, and policy levels. In particular, future actions and initiatives should simultaneously support family leisure across and within these domains. Promoting family leisure is one way to support active and healthy aging not only among older adults, but among all individuals.

Communicating Guatemalan Villagers’ Experience of Aging Through Photography of Local Aging Advocates

What does it mean to grow old in a remote Guatemalan village? How do locals perceive the experience and meaning of later life, and how can a non-local access those perceptions? Volunteers from the village church’s committee on aging learned PhotoVoice methodology to document townspeople’s experiences of aging. Team members reassembled to discuss reasons for selecting a particular subject, how the photos’ contents related to their own lives, what the images said about aging in their village, and possible actions to consider in response. Qualitative analysis of the discussions revealed perceptions and meanings attached to family relationships, living environments, work and leisure activities, and health issues of their older subjects. The images evoked exchanges, commentary, and reflections among group members, creating an “eliciting context” in which processes of negotiated, shared meaning-making regarding later life emerged.

The Study of Burden of Family Caregivers of Patients Living with Psychiatric Disorders in Remote Area of Nepal

Background Family caregivers of psychiatric disorders likely to face burden. There is a paucity of data regarding the caregiver burden in psychiatric disorders in context of Nepal. Objective To study the caregiver burden in families with psychiatric illness and to find association between socio-demographic variables and caregiver burden in families with psychiatric illness. Method This is an analytical cross-sectional study. The participants (n=96) were caregiver of patients visiting outpatient department of two government of Nepal primary health care centers namely, Panchkhal Primary Health Care Center (PHC) Kavre District and Barhabise Health Care Center Sindhupalchowk district. The sample size has been determined by using statistical formula. Family burden assessment schedule (FBIS) was used for the study. Result The majority of the caregivers were females 56.3%. Most of the caregivers were aged below 45 years 54.2%. The large number of participants were single or separated 74%. The mean score of family burden assessment schedule was 27 ± 9.8 (range 0 to 48) with positive rate of 59.4%.Among the objective burden domains disruption of family leisure 61.5% was the most frequently reported burden. The subjective burden was reported in 95%. There were significant differential demographic associations with different domains of caregivers' burden. Conclusion Caregivers of Psychiatric patients experience different kind of burden of care. Our findings highlight the support to the family members to reduce their burden.

The Extent of Stigma Experienced by the Caregivers of Patients with OCD and its Association With Caregiver Burden and Coping

Stigma related to psychiatric illness not only impact the patients but also have adverse consequences on the caregivers. Stigma can lead to poor quality of life, social restriction, and psychological morbidity. Not much data is available on the stigma among the caregivers of patients with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD). To evaluate the extent of stigma experienced by the caregivers of patients with OCD and its association with caregiver burden and coping. In a cross-sectional study, 53 caregivers of patients with OCD were evaluated on the Stigma Scale for Caregivers of People with Mental Illness (CPMI), Family Burden Interview (FBI) Schedule, and Family Coping Questionnaire (FCQ). The mean age of the caregivers was 45.9 years, with the number of years of formal education was 8.6 (SD: 5.4) years. Majority of the caregivers were male and married, were the spouse of the patient with a mean duration caregiving at the time of assessment being 122.6 months. In terms of stigma, the highest level of stigma was seen in the affective domain, followed by behavioural domain and least in the cognitive domain of CPMI. On FBI the highest level of burden was seen in the domain of disruption of routine family activities, followed by disruption of family interaction, disruption of family leisure activities, financial burden, the effect on the physical health of others, and effect on mental health others. On FCQ, Positive communication and resignation were the most commonly used coping mechanisms. The least commonly used coping strategy was the patient's social involvement. All the domains of CPMI had a significant positive association with a total objective score of FBI. In terms of coping, a higher level of stigma was associated with lower use of social involvement (all domains of stigma), coercion (cognitive domain and total stigma), and avoidance (all domains except for affective domain) as coping mechanisms. Lower use of positive communication was associated with higher stigma in the behavioural domain. Those with a high objective burden had a higher level of stigma on the cognitive and behaviour domain of the CPMI. Caregivers of patients with OCD experience a high level of stigma. A higher level of stigma is associated with the more use of maladaptive coping like avoidance and higher caregiver burden. Accordingly, it can be said that there is a need to focus on the caregivers of patients with OCD to improve the overall outcome of the patients.

Abstract 16455: Family Support for Physical Activity Predicts Engagement in Leisure Time Physical Activity Among Hispanic Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease or Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Hispanics in the U.S. are less likely to engage in leisure time physical activity than non-Hispanics. Among Hispanics, families influence health behaviors and family support may motivate adults at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) to participate in physical activity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether family support predicts engagement in leisure time physical activity among Hispanic adults at risk for CVD or T2D. Methods: Baseline data from Hispanic adults at risk for CVD or T2D were analyzed. Family support for leisure time physical activity was measured using the Family Support subscale of the Social Support for Physical Activity instrument. This consists of 7 items with response options ranging from never (0) to always (4). Sum scores range from 0 to 28 and higher scores indicate greater family support for engagement in physical activity. Leisure time physical activity was measured using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) physical activity subscale. This consists of eight items with response options ranging from never (1) to routinely (4) with higher mean scores indicating higher levels of engagement in leisure time physical activity. Linear regression was used to examine the association between family support and leisure time physical activity, controlling for age, sex, race, financial comfort, education, acculturation, years living in the U.S, marital status, and employment. Results: Participants (N=182) were 40±9 years old; 82.7% were female. The mean HPLP-II score was 1.7±0.5, reflecting low engagement in leisure time physical activity. Results of the regression analysis indicated that greater family support predicted higher levels of engagement in leisure time physical activity (F(10,171)=2.717, p<.004; R 2 =.137). Conclusions: Family support for physical activity may increase engagement in leisure time physical activity in Hispanic adults at risk for CVD or T2D. Interventions that promote family support for physical activity could be an important avenue for reducing CVD and T2D risk in this population group.

‘The more you go to the mountains, the better parent you are’. Migrant parents in Norway navigating risk discourses in professional advice on family leisure and outdoor play

Drawing on data from a study with Southern European parents living in Norway, this article discusses the experiences of migrant parents with professional advice on family leisure and outdoor play. The study is situated broadly in research about the contemporary parenting role and the social construction of parents as risk-managers. Within this construction, parents are understood as continually managing a ‘double-bind’, in which they are asked to both protect children from multiple risks, and expose them to risk to develop resilience. Norway provides an interesting context for further investigation, given its institutionalised emphasis on the importance of outdoor life and play. This is embedded in public provision for children and in dominant understandings of how families should use leisure time and how children should play. We explore how migrant parents respond to the associated discourses of risk in their encounters with kindergarten professionals and community health nurses. Participants navigated risk discourse in professional advice on family leisure and children’s outdoor play in three ways: contesting discourses of risk; feigning cooperation; and accepting professional intervention and advice in either collaborative or compliant relationships. Migrant parents experienced professional constructions of risk-management as implying a form of individual responsibility, which typically recognised risks to children’s wellbeing linked with their lifestyle choices. Although some found ways to negotiate risk and accommodate, parental experience was characterised by tension and difficulties in encountering the double-bind, which deserves further attention.

Prince sultan military medical city Riyadh, Saudi Arabia quality of life for parents having children with atopic dermatitis in Riyadh 2020 cross-sectional survey

Background: Atopic dermatitis is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in children. Therefore, it has an impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL). Families with children having AD are vulnerable to have diversity of physical as well as psychological difficulties, including experiencing extreme fatigue, stress, frustration, and low QoL, particularly when there is slow or no improvement in the condition.Aims/Objectives: We aimed to assess the quality of life (QOL) of parents having children with AD and to determine its predictors. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional survey study among families with children suffering from AD. Data was collected by the validated Arabic version of the dermatitis family impact (DFI) questionnaire [19]. The study has been conducted after taking the institutional review board approval at PSMMC. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data was collected online by sending an invitation to the parents explaining the aims and objectives of the research through WhatsApp, SMS messages, and social media.Results: A total of 93 parents having a child with atopic dermatitis (only one parent per family) participated in the current study, with a mean (±SD) age of 29.49 (±5.02). The vast majority (97.8%) of the respondents reported that mothers are the ones who take care of the AD child. The mean age of the children was 4.85 (±2.71). The overall mean (±SD) score of the DFI was 16.97(±7.55). The highest impact of having a child with atopic dermatitis was on the expenditures with a mean (±SD) score of 1.91 (±0.84) out of 3. On the other hand, the lowest effect was on the family leisure activities, with a mean score of 1.55 (±0.83). The level of effect of atopic dermatitis on the quality of life of parents having children with atopic dermatitis is severe in 23.66%, moderate in 43.01% of the respondents, and low in 27.96%. The DFI total score differed significantly only by participants' age and marital status.Conclusion: Atopic dermatitis (AD) had a moderate impact on the QOL of parents whose children had AD. Marital status and both parents and child age were the factors that significantly correlated with the parents' QoL.