Family Income Level Research Articles

Attitude towards refugee students ‘the case of Duzce province’

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of school students in Duzce Province who are located in different grades towards refugee students. Methodologically, this uses mixed research methods – survey and interviews, and controls for different variables. The findings of the study reveal there is a significant difference between the attitudes of the participants towards refugee students according to gender, the presence of refugee students in their class, type of school, education level of parents. There was no significant difference according to family income levels. In the study, interviews were conducted with the students in order to examine the variables that showed a significant difference between the students’ attitude scores. According to these results, it is suggested that empathy and a values-oriented curriculum should be included in schools in order to improve the attitude towards refugee students. In addition, it is recommended to develop the language skills of refugee students and to include group activities in teaching.

Investigation on the Current Situation of Family Education Anxiety in Three Areas of Inner Mongolia under the Background of Double Reduction

Recently, parental education anxiety has gradually become a hot social issue. Since the implementation of the Double Reduction Policy, parents' children's educational anxiety has shown new characteristics.In order to understand the current situation of family education anxiety after the implementation of the Double Reduction Policy and to analyze the characteristics of parents' anxiety with different Demography characteristics, a self-designed questionnaire was used to distribute questionnaires and collect data through the questionnaire star platform. We randomly select some parents of primary and secondary schools in Hailar, Chifeng, and Tongliao as the survey subjects for testing. We investigated the parents' view of the Double Reduction Policy, the impact of the Double Reduction Policy on families, and the level of family education anxiety in three dimensions and used the online platform SPSSUA (Version 22.0) to conduct data analysis. Among the 364 households surveyed, about 56% of parents admitted to having children's educational anxiety. There were significant differences in the three dimensions of the survey between the two groups with different self-awareness. Five factors, including children's academic years, academic performance ranking status, type of family location, average monthly income level of families, and parents' weekly work hours, impact group anxiety. Among them, the ranking status of children's academic performance significantly impacts parents' educational anxiety state.

Validation of the Longshi scale in assessment of function in patients from different economic, educational and regional backgrounds in China.

This study validates performance of the Longshi scale against modified Barthel index in assessment of function in patients from different economic, educational and regional backgrounds in China. This is a cross-sectional study. One hundred and three hospitals and rehabilitation institutions across China. A total of 14,752 patients with physical and cognitive impairments were enrolled and classified to five educational levels and five family income levels; 8060 participants were further selected from five regions to study regional influences. Activities of daily living were assessed with two evaluation tools, the Longshi scale and modified Barthel index. Results of evaluation with Longshi scale performed by non-healthcare workers were validated against modified Barthel index performed by healthcare workers using Pearson's correlation test. There were significant positive correlations between the findings of the Longshi scale administered by non-healthcare professionals and the modified Barthel index administered by healthcare professionals. This was true for level of education (correlations ranged from 0.697 to 0.822), family income level (correlations ranged from 0.724 to 0.761) and region (correlations ranged from 0.737 to 0.776). In a large dataset of 14,752 patients, positive correlations were found between Longshi scale and modified Barthel index measures of function. Positive correlations persisted across subgroup analysis of groups from different social, economic and regional backgrounds, and with administration by non-healthcare professionals. ChiCTR2000034067, www.chictr.org.cn.

The Relationship between Education Level and Mother's Occupational Status with the Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Kalanganyar District, Lebak, Banten

Background: Preschoolers are prone to nutritional problems because their health is still unstable while their nutritional needs are increasing. Based on RISKESDAS data for Lebak Regency in 2018, the prevalence of under-fives with malnutrition was 19.6%, normal 71.91%, and more than 8.49%. The role of the mother in nurturing, caring for, and sharpening the child during its growth and development is very important, especially as a regulator of nutritional intake which is related to the mother's education level, mother's occupation, family income level, and mother's level of nutrition knowledge. Method: This study uses a quantitative research type with correlation analysis. The population of this study was all mothers with preschool-age children in Kalanganyar District, Lebak, Banten. 50 samples were taken through quota sampling. Data collection was carried out through interviews using questionnaires, and direct measurements of BB and TB. Data analysis was performed with the chi-square test. Results: 64% of mothers have a high level of education, 92% of mothers do not work, and 72% of preschoolers have normal nutritional status. The statistical test results for the relationship between the mother's education level and the nutritional status of preschoolers obtained p=0.004 (p<0.05), while for the relationship between the mother's employment status and the nutritional status of preschoolers it was found p=0.079 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the mother's education level and the nutritional status of preschoolers and there is no relationship between work status and the nutritional status of preschoolers in Kalanganyar District, Lebak, Banten. In the view of Islam, Allah SWT forbade mankind not to leave weak offspring.

Relationship between Multidimensional Poverty Indicators and Health Behaviors among Turkish Children

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between multidimensional poverty indicators and health behaviors among Turkish children. The sample of the study was determined to include at least one school from each socioeconomic status group in the districts of Ankara, which are classified into four socioeconomic groups, and the data were collected by applying face-to-face questionnaires to a total of 4,276 children, 2145 boys and 2136 girls, between the ages of 10 and 14. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared test and binary logistic regression in the PASW Statistics program. The most striking results of the analysis showed that the female children, 5th, 6th, and 7th grade students, those who rated their health as good, those with a high or medium family affluence levels, those who were not deprived according to the Child Deprivation Index, those who rated their family income level as high or medium, and those who never suffered from hunger were more likely to be in the group with healthy behaviors (p<0.05). Accordingly, some school-based interventions and policies to be implemented in the family medicine system are recommended to promote the healthy behaviors of children, especially those living in poverty.

Dietary Behavior and Its Association with Nutrition Literacy and Dietary Attitude Among Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Survey of Hospitals in China.

Chemotherapy often negatively impacts the nutritional status of breast cancer patients, and healthy dietary behaviors are important for patient wellbeing. With the guidance of the "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice model" (KAP model), the objective of this survey was to determine the frequency with which patients engage in healthy dietary behaviors and to explore the association between healthy dietary behaviors and nutrition literacy and dietary attitudes. This study included a total of 284 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy from three hospitals spanning three cities in China. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect demographic and clinical characteristics as well as the Dietary Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire (DNKAPQ) and the Nutrition Literacy Measurement Scale for Chinese Adult (NLMS-CA). Participants exhibited medium to high scores for nutrition literacy, dietary attitude and dietary behavior. Nutrition literacy (r = 0.505, p < 0.001) and dietary attitude (r= 0.326, p < 0.001) scores were both positively correlated with the total dietary behavior score. The total nutrition literacy score was positively correlated with the total dietary behavior score (r = 0.286, p < 0.001). In the univariate analysis, age, body mass index, living environment, education level, monthly family income, work status, menopausal status, number of comorbidities, relapse and endocrine therapy were significantly associated with dietary behavior (p < 0.05). In the multiple linear regression analysis, patients' dietary behavior was significantly associated with nutrition literacy (β = 0.449, p < 0.001) and dietary attitude (β = 0.198, p < 0.001). These two factors accounted for 28.6% of the variation in the patients' dietary behavior scores. There is an important need for targeted dietary and nutritional interventions designed and implemented by health professionals to improve dietary behaviors. Intervention design and content should take the patients' nutrition literacy and dietary attitudes into consideration. In particular, women who are older, overweight, unemployed, and postmenopausal and live in rural areas, exhibit fewer comorbidities, have a lower family income and education level, have not relapsed and are currently receiving endocrine therapy are in urgent need of diet-specific intervention.

IMPLIKASI EKONOMI DARI POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN DAN NON PANGAN MASYARAKAT KOTA MATARAM TAHUN 2018 - 2022

The increasing of household income, in general, will tend to change consumption patterns, especially the consumption patterns for food and non-food. According to Engel, in accordance with the research he conducted, it was stated that when income increases, the proportion for food expenditure will decrease, even though in absolute terms the amount increases. A decrease in the proportion of expenditure on food will be followed by an increase in the proportion of expenditure on non-food. This study aims to determine the pattern of consumption of the people of the city of Mataram in terms of consumption of food and non-food and the implications for the economy of the city of Mataram. The results was found that the higher the level of family income, the tendency for the proportion of expenditure on food to decrease, followed by an increase in the proportion of expenditure on non-food. Likewise, from the household size as reflected by the number of family members, the greater the number of family members, the higher the proportion of expenditure for food consumption, and on the other hand, the proportion for non-food expenditure decreases. From the results of the research, it was suggested to the Mataram City Government to conduct research related to mapping community consumption needs, especially non-food needs, to anticipate the supply of goods and services needed by the community, so that the government can anticipate community needs through more careful economic planning.

Spatial-Temporal Determinants of Income Inequality in the Cantons of Ecuador between 2010 and 2019: a Spatial Panel Econometric Analysis

Inequality is a problem that remains latent throughout generations, despite the growth of countries and the mechanisms that were implemented to mitigate it. Understanding the structure of spillovers from a spatial point of view would allow for the management of current resources, with the aim of improving the distribution among individuals at the cantonal level for Ecuador. In this context, this study aims to estimate the effect of the determinants of income inequality at the cantonal level, through the use of spatial models during the period 2010–2019, for 213 cantons in Ecuador. The Kuznets inverted-U theory is applied, which allows us to understand the changes that economic growth produces on income inequality levels. The approach indicates that the current average rate of growth of production per capita has made inequality levels decrease. In addition, human capital has the opposite effect to that expected, increasing inequality levels as a result of a concentration of this resource in certain cantons. On the other hand, the entrepreneurial structure of micro and small enterprises allows to mitigate the inequality levels between cantons. In this sense, among the policy objectives is to prioritize a more homogeneous growth of the cantons of Ecuador, likewise, generate policies that allow reducing the concentration of human capital in certain regions, as well as financial development. On the other hand, it is important to strengthen the prevalence of Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the long term, with the aim of improving family income levels and reducing inequality.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMILY INCOME AND THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PREGNANT MOTHERS AT AMPEL 1 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTER IN BOYOLALI REGENCY

Pregnancy represents a significant phase in the lives of women, particularly for those who are married. Thus, pregnancy necessitates specialized attention, especially concerning the fulfillment of energy and nutritional requirements. The quality of maternal dietary intake before and during pregnancy has the potential to influence the health of both the mother and her baby. Malnutrition during pregnancy can lead to various complications, affecting both the mother and the fetus, including issues like anemia, bleeding, and inadequate maternal weight gain. Maternal nutritional intake is influenced by a multitude of internal and external factors within the pregnant mother and her family, encompassing factors such as low levels of knowledge, social dynamics, and household income. This study aims to explore the correlation between the nutritional status of pregnant women and the family income level at the Ampel Health Center in Boyolali Regency. The research employs a quantitative approach utilizing an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional design. The study involved a sample size of 30 pregnant women. The results reveal that the majority of participants are aged between 20-35 years, predominantly in the second trimester of pregnancy, with 10 respondents (33.3%) in trimester II and 20 respondents (66.6%) in trimester III. The Spearman's rank correlation test yielded a p-value of 0.353, which is above the significance level of 0.05 (0.353 &gt; 0.05). Nonetheless, there is no significant correlation between the nutritional status of pregnant women and the family income level at the Ampel Health Center in Boyolali Regency.

Associations between socioeconomic status, home food availability, parental role-modeling, and children’s fruit and vegetable consumption: a mediation analysis

BackgroundRecent literature has suggested that associations and interactions between family socioeconomic status (SES) and home food environment influence children’s diet, but little is known about the mediation roles of parental role-modeling and food availability in the socioeconomic inequalities of children’s diet. This study aimed to determine the associations between family SES and children’s fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and to assess the mediation roles of parental role-modeling and food availability in the above associations.MethodsCross-sectional data of 574 Finnish children (aged 3 to 6) were analyzed. Parents completed an FFQ assessing their children’s FV consumption frequency and a questionnaire assessing SES and home food environment. Two exposure variables: parental educational level (“low”, “middle”, and “high”) and the relative family income tertiles of the family were used. The frequencies of parental role-modeling of FV and sugary food and drink (SFD) consumption, and the availability of FV and SFD at home were calculated. Single- and multiple-mediator models were created using IBM SPSS 27.0.ResultsThe positive association between high parental educational level and children’s FV consumption (direct effect coefficient: 2.76, 95% CI: 0.51–4.86) was partially mediated by more frequent parental role-modeling of FV consumption (indirect effect coefficient: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.10–1.76), higher availability of FV (indirect effect coefficient: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.35–1.77), and lower availability of SFD (indirect effect coefficient: -0.30, 95% CI: -0.72 – -0.01). The relative family income was not directly associated with the outcome. However, the higher relative family income level indirectly predicted the Children’s FV consumption (full mediation) through more frequent parental role-modeling of FV consumption (indirect effect coefficient: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.06–1.83) and higher availability of FV (indirect effect coefficient: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.40–1.67). Parental role-modeling on SFD consumption did not mediate any of the above associations.ConclusionsParental educational level showed more associations with children’s FV consumption than relative family income. Our findings suggest that reducing the availability of SFD is as important as increasing the availability of FV to enhance children’s FV consumption. Future interventions to improve children’s dietary behaviors should pay greater attention to the lower SES segments of society. Longitudinal studies and intervention studies supporting these findings are needed for making meaningful recommendations for health promotion.

The Economic Performance of Reunited Families in Switzerland, 2013–2018

Family migration has gained prominence as one of the main reasons for international mobility in both Switzerland and the rest of western European countries. However, research aimed at evaluating the economic performance of reunited families has been constrained by the unavailability of individual income and/or household composition data. The joint use of population registers and information about individuals’ social security contributions has allowed us to overcome this limitation. Using transition matrices and logistic models, we assess the economic performance of reunited families at the household level and evaluate differences based on the region of birth of the person initiating the process, as well as the financial situation of these families 5 years after the reunion. The results show a process of economic convergence between the three groups under analysis despite the initial differences in the income level of families, and that most reunited families achieve satisfactory living conditions. They also highlight the hybrid nature of Swiss-headed reunited families, which initially resemble those headed by a non-EU/EFTA person, in terms of the contributions their members make to the household income, but after 5 years they contribute similarly to EU/EFTA headed reunited families.

Chronic Disease Management of Children Followed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

With the diagnosis of chronic illness in children, a stressful period is likely to begin in children and their families. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting chronic disease management by the parents of children with T1DM diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The sample consisted of 110 children, aged between 4-17 and their mothers. The patients had been diagnosed with T1DM for at least one year, and had attended pediatric endocrinology outpatients or were hospitalized in a single center. First, sociodemographic information about the child with T1DM were obtained. Then, the "Family Management Measure" (FaMM) was applied. The FaMM is constructed to measure family functioning and management in families who have a child with a chronic illness. Paternal years of education (p=0.036), family income (p=0.008), insulin pump use (p=0.011), time elapsed after diagnosis (p=0.048) positively affected both the management of T1DM and the child's daily life but presence of chronic diseases in addition to T1DM (p=0.004) negatively affected diabetes management. Higher maternal education year (p=0.013) and family income level (p=0.001) increased parental mutuality scores. However, as the time after diagnosis increased, parental mutuality scores decreased. It is important to evaluate the child with chronic disease with a biopsychosocial approach. This approach aims to evaluate the problems of the child and his/her family who experience the disease with a holistic approach.

Pengaruh Tingkat Pendapatan Keluarga Terhadap Kemiskinan Rumah Tangga

The research aims to determine the influence of family income level on household poverty in Talumopatu Village,tapa Sub-district,Bone Bolango regency. This research uses aquantitative approach with the descriptive method. The data used are primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires to the poor in Talumopatu Village, Tapa Sub-district, Bone Bolango Regency. The sampel includes 36 respondents.Data analysis uses simple linear regression. The results showed an influence of family income level on household poverty in Talumopatu Village, Tapa Sub-district, Bone Bolango Regency. The influence of family income level on household poverty was 23,5%, while the remaining 76,5% was explained by other variables not examined in this research

THE STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND LIFESTYLE ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH HOSPITAL.

In this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological aspects of physical activity, dietary habits, nutritional diversity, personality disorders, smoking habits, and sleep issues among psychiatric patients at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data from 140 psychiatric patients, consisting of 57 males and 83 females. The questionnaire included demographic information on age, gender, religion, educational background, family income level, husband/wife occupation, smoking habits, physical activity patterns, and socioeconomic status. The study found that 34% of the respondents had the highest intake of carbohydrates, while 21.4% consumed more protein and 38.6% of respondents consumed the highest amount of green vegetables as vitamins daily. Additionally, it was observed that about 45% of the participants engaged in physical activity, with walking being the primary form of activity. Of these respondents, 33.4% engaged in physical activity for less than 30 minutes, while 48.3% and 18.3% engaged in activity for 30-60 minutes and 1-3 hours, respectively. The study also revealed that 86 respondents had sleeping difficulties, while 54 respondents did not. Furthermore, 54% of the respondents attempted suicide, with the majority being students. The findings suggest that adequate sleep is not only beneficial for physical fitness but also mental health. The study also revealed that most respondents had insufficient knowledge about nutrition, particularly those who were illiterate. Overall in this study provides insight into the lifestyle factors affecting mental health among psychiatric patients in Bangladesh. The results suggest that physical activity, dietary habits, and sleep issues are linked to mental health outcomes and should be considered in the development of interventions and programs aimed at improving mental health outcomes in this population.

Potential impact of extra education on the development of executive functions within a year in preschool children: an exploratory research.

Executive functions have been shown to develop through various extra classes in preschool age. But the optimal for executive functions development system of such classes has not yet been explored. The present exploratory study aimed to examine the difference in the executive functions development within a year between children attending the system of extra classes (music, choreography, art, foreign language, literacy, math, computer science, and science) twice a week for 4 h in a preschool education center and children who did not take no extra classes. There were 60 children who attended extra classes and 64 children who did not take extra classes. In each group, approximately 17% were boys. The first assessment of executive functions was performed in the penultimate year of kindergarten, when the children were 5-6 years old. The second was performed 1 year later. The executive function level was assessed using NEPSY-II subtests "Inhibition," "Statue," "Memory for Designs," "Sentences Repetition," and "Dimensional Change Card Sort." Mothers also reported about their children's attendance in extra classes, their children's screen time, the level of maternal education, and the level of family income. The study revealed that children attending the system of the extra classes showed a higher verbal working memory development within a year than the children taking no extra classes. The obtained data plays an important role for the design of further research of the topic and for the practical recommendations for parents and teachers.

Deleterious Oral Habits Among School Going Children: A Cross Sectional Study

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of deleterious oral habits among school-going children in Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: The study was conducted at Punjab Dental Hospital, Lahore, from July 2018 to July 2019. A total of 500 school-going children aged 6 to 12 years were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and data on deleterious oral habits, including nail biting, thumb sucking, mouth breathing, lip biting, and tongue thrusting. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The prevalence of deleterious oral habits among school-going children in Punjab was found to be 72.6%, with nail biting being the most prevalent habit observed (48.2%), followed by thumb sucking (17.4%), mouth breathing (12.4%), lip biting (9.4%), and tongue thrusting (5.2%). There was a significant association between the prevalence of deleterious oral habits and demographic variables such as gender, age, and family income and education level of parents. Conclusion: The high prevalence of deleterious oral habits among school-going children in Punjab, Pakistan, is a public health concern that requires attention and intervention to promote oral health and prevent the adverse effects of these habits on oral and general health. Early intervention and education programs should be implemented to promote oral health and prevent deleterious oral habits among children. Our study also provides valuable information for policymakers to develop targeted interventions to address oral health issues among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Keywords: Deleterious oral habits, children

Healthy food consumption in the Covid-19 era: Empirical evidence from Italian consumers choices on functional products

This study provides an explorative analysis of the potential appreciation manifested by 312 Italian consumers for functional confectionery products, obtained from high-amylose soft wheat flours (high-amylose confectionery products, HACPs). An online questionnaire was administered in 2021, which assessed respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) a premium price for HACPs with respect to non-functional confectionery products. Detailed information about respondents and their families was collected and put in relation with the willingness, or not, to pay a premium price for HACPs through a Binary Logit model. Two thirds of respondents were willing to pay a premium price for HACPs, that stood at +12.3%. Analysis of the results of the Binary Logit model led to highlight that respondents' WTP for HACPs is positively influenced by age, level of family income, satisfaction with the latter during the COVID-19 pandemic, habit to purchase food products on e-commerce channels, adoption of healthy eating styles and belief that functional foods can contribute to improve well-being. At the opposite, respondents' WTP is negatively influenced by family size, presence of dependent members and, interestingly, habit to practice physical activity with high frequency. Based on these findings, useful insights also in support of confectionery industry and commercial distribution are finally reported.

The Influence of Family Income Level on the Future Major Selection Approaches of Chinese Ordinary High School Students and the Potential Solutions

Education is an essential cornerstone of national rejuvenation and social progress, and the lifeblood of national development. The optimal allocation of educational resources is crucial. Due to the particularity of China’s college entrance examination system (Gaokao system), students must define their major at the age of 16. However, due to the differences in family income levels, there are numerous unscientific decision-making phenomena, including but not limited to cognitive bias and self-interest dilemma. The theory of information asymmetry is the main reason for the above problems. Therefore, establishing and improving the planning guidance mechanism of major selection for senior high school students is an effective way to reform and break through the above difficulties.

Filipino Nursing Students’ Health Promoting Behaviors during Pandemic

Background: Research on health promoting behaviors can assist nursing students in identifying, maintaining, and improving health behaviors. The notable impact and changes in lifestyle behaviors during the pandemic necessitate a closer look into students’ health-promoting behaviors. However, there is a lacuna in the literature about health promoting activities of nursing students stuck at home and attending online learning during the pandemic.Purpose: This study assessed the level and predictors of health promoting behaviors of nursing students in a Philippine public university during a pandemic.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with 363 out of 531 undergraduate nursing students of a public university in the Philippines as study participants. Data were gathered using an online survey last March 2022 employing the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) II. Significant predictors were identified using multiple linear regression analysis with the aid of SPSS version 26.0.Results: Results showed that nursing students had a high (M=2.80 out of 5) practice of health promoting behaviors. Physical activity ranked the lowest among the six dimensions of health promotion behaviors. The variables that predicted the health promoting behaviors of nursing students were self-reported academic performance (β=2.110, p=.000), family income level (β=.055, p=.001), and academic year level (β=.057, p=.002).Conclusion: Nursing students should continue to maintain their good practice of health promoting behaviors. However, more attention should be given to engaging in physical activity to maintain holistic well-being.

The Role of Emping Melinjo Home Industry in Increasing Family Income in Warung Gunung District, Lebak Regency

Industry home is activity the same effort bigsr culprit is girl . Home industry development specifically chips melinjo , besides supported with resource environment , is also affected by structure existing culture , hence _ activity This done generally only fill in time spare and work part time . research purposes This one of them dalah to find out the contribution of the home industry to family income. Type study This use qualitative approach with the type of field research (field research). Collected data in the form of primary data and secondary data obtained through observation , interview as well as recording and documentation. Data analysis used a qualitative descriptive technique. Objective study are as follows: (1) the characteristics of the emping melinjo home industry in Warung Gunung District ; (2) knowing the contribution of the emping melinjo home industry to family income . The results showed that the emping melinjo home industry in Warung Gunung District , Lebak Regency was average are of age Adults (36-50 years ) with level moderate education (equivalent to elementary school graduation), and length of business relatively low ie not enough from 7 years . The level of family income of home industry actors is generally in the range between Rp. 1,000,000 -Rp 1,500,000. The income contribution of emping melinjo craftsmen is in the range of Rp. 1,600,000-Rp. 2,000,000 in the high category. Height level generated income _ influenced by several factors including is business scale, capital outlay and product marketing system . Activity marketing done _ craftsman during This Still dominated by roles family, however so is the home industry empyg melinjo is very giving contribution to level income family .